Life Space Assessment in Older Women Undergoing Non-Surgical Treatment for Urinary Incontinence

Objective: Urinary incontinence (UI) impacts all aspects of life activities. This study aims to characterize change in mobility within the community utilizing the Life Space Assessment (LSA) questionnaire in women undergoing non-surgical UI treatment. Methods: This prospective cohort study, performed from July 2007 to March 2009, followed women seeking non-surgical UI treatment from an outpatient tertiary-care clinic and assessed their mobility and symptoms using LSA, Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6), and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-7) at baseline and 2, 6, and 12 months post-treatment. Estimated Percent Improvement (EPI) and Patient Satisfaction Question (PSQ) were obtained post-treatment. The women were treated with multi-component behavioral and/or pharmacologic therapies, and we hypothesized that LSA would improve with treatment. Repeated measures analysis with Tukey’s HSD and backwards selection linear regression model were performed. Results: 70 ambulatory, community-dwelling women, aged 65 years or older, seeking non-surgical care for UI were recruited. LSA score decreased from baseline to 2 months (mean ± SD;63 ± 29 to 56 ± 28, p < 0.001) and was sustained at 6 and 12 months (54 ± 28, 54 ± 28). UDI scores improved from 36 ± 23 to 25 ± 24, p < 0.001, at 2 months, and improvement persisted at 6 and 12 months (22 ± 22, 21 ± 24). Improvements in UDI and patient perceived improvement in UI were not associated with LSA change. Age, race, and depression impacted LSA, which decreased 1-point for each additional year of age (p = 0.004), 6-points for each point higher on the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) (p = 0.002), and 6-point for African American race (p = 0.048). Conclusion: Decreased mobility represented by LSA was related to age, depression, and race, but not UI symptom improvement.

基于CiteSpace的老年人生活空间研究的可视化分析

目的分析近20年老年人生活空间研究现状、研究热点及前沿。方法以“老年人和生活空间”为主题,系统检索2000年1月1日-2023年6月30日Web of Science核心合集数据库发表的有关老年人生活空间的相关文献,使用CiteSpace 6.1.R6软件对文献的发表时间、作者、国家、机构和关键词进行可视化分析。结果最终共纳入291篇文献,整体发文量呈上升态势;发文量最多的国家是美国;发文量最多的机构是Univ Jyvaskyla(于韦斯屈莱大学);研究热点主要集中在老年人生活空间流行病学调查、生活空间的评估、老年人生活空间受限的相关影响因素及不良结局。结论近年来老年人的生活空间问题受到持续关注,我国未来应加强与国外在生活空间研究领域的合作与交流,提高我国该领域的研究水平。

Recent Progress in Space Science and Applications on Chinese Space Station in 2022–2024

Chinese Space Station(CSS)has been fully deployed by the end of 2022,and the facility has entered into the application and development phase.It has conducted scientific research projects in various fields,such as space life science and biotechnology,space materials science,microgravity fundamental physics,fluid physics,combustion science,space new technologies,and applications.In this review,we introduce the progress of CSS development and provide an overview of the research conducted in Chinese Space Station and the recent scientific findings in several typical research fields.Such compelling findings mainly concern the rapid solidification of ultra-high temperature alloy melts,dynamics of fluid transport in space,gravity scaling law of boiling heat transfer,vibration fluidization phenomenon of particulate matter,cold atom interferometer technology under high microgravity and related equivalence principle testing,the full life cycle of rice under microgravity and so forth.Furthermore,the planned scientific research and corresponding prospects of Chinese space station in the next few years are presented.

Extraterrestrial Life in the Thermosphere: Plasmas, UAP, Pre-Life, Fourth State of Matter

“Plasmas” up to a kilometer in size and behaving similarly to multicellular organisms have been filmed on 10 separate NASA space shuttle missions, over 200 miles above Earth within the thermosphere. These self-illuminated “plasmas” are attracted to and may “feed on” electromagnetic radiation. They have different morphologies: 1) cone, 2) cloud, 3) donut, 4) spherical-cylindrical;and have been filmed flying towards and descending from the thermosphere into thunderstorms;congregating by the hundreds and interacting with satellites generating electromagnetic activity;approaching the Space Shuttles. Computerized analysis of flight path trajectories documents these plasmas travel at different velocities from different directions and change their angle of trajectory making 45°, 90°, and 180° shifts and follow each other. They’ve been filmed accelerating, slowing down, stopping, congregating, engaging in “hunter-predatory” behavior and intersecting plasmas leaving a plasma dust trail in their wake. Similar life-like behaviors have been demonstrated by plasmas created experimentally. “Plasmas” may have been photographed in the 1940s by WWII pilots (identified as “Foo fighters”);repeatedly observed and filmed by astronauts and military pilots and classified as Unidentified Aerial—Anomalous Phenomenon. Plasmas are not biological but may represent a form of pre-life that via the incorporation of elements common in space, could result in the synthesis of RNA. Plasmas constitute a fourth state of matter, are attracted to electromagnetic activity, and when observed in the lower atmosphere likely account for many of the UFO-UAP sightings over the centuries.

Remaining Useful Life Model and Assessment of Mechanical Products: A Brief Review and a Note on the State Space Model Method

The remaining useful life(RUL) prediction of mechanical products has been widely studied for online system performance reliability, device remanufacturing, and product safety(safety awareness and safety improvement). These studies incorporated many di erent models, algorithms, and techniques for modeling and assessment. In this paper, methods of RUL assessment are summarized and expounded upon using two major methods: physics model based and data driven based methods. The advantages and disadvantages of each of these methods are deliberated and compared as well. Due to the intricacy of failure mechanism in system, and di culty in physics degradation observation, RUL assessment based on observations of performance variables turns into a science in evaluating the degradation. A modeling method from control systems, the state space model(SSM), as a first order hidden Markov, is presented. In the context of non-linear and non-Gaussian systems, the SSM methodology is capable of performing remaining life assessment by using Bayesian estimation(sequential Monte Carlo). Being e ective for non-linear and non-Gaussian dynamics, the methodology can perform the assessment recursively online for applications in CBM(condition based maintenance), PHM(prognostics and health management), remanufacturing, and system performance reliability. Finally, the discussion raises concerns regarding online sensing data for SSM modeling and assessment of RUL.

Space Life Science of China

In the past two years,China’s space life science has made great progress.Space biomedical and life science programs have carried out ground-based research for the first batch of projects,and are preparing to carry out space-based experiments along with the construction of China’s space station.And space life science payload of the space station completed the development of positive samples.Thus,with the development of lunar exploration and Mars exploration projects,astrobiology research has also made a lot of basic achievements.On the basis of summarizing the development of space life science in China,this paper mainly introduces the important progress of payload technology and life science research.

Space Life Science in China

With the further advancement of China’s major manned spaceflight project,the national space laboratory was successfully built.China has also made considerable progress and breakthroughs in the field of space life sciences.This paper reviews the related biological effects under space flight conditions,mainly including epigenetic effects,skeleton remodeling and peripheral body fluid circulation effects,as well as the research and application of space life science related biotechnology in the field of microbial culture and biological regeneration life support system.

Space Life Science of China in 2015

With the human space exploration activities,space life science is an emerging interdisciplinary and it covers a wide range of research.Based on our country's manned space station and recoverable satellite science experimental platform,the development of space life science research is very important to acquire new knowledge or new innovation in technology,to give further services to the human space exploration activities,to improve the national economic and social development.Based on present situation,both theoretical and applied researches were continuously performed in2015.Here,we review and summarize the researches on space life sciences which were contributed by Chinese scientists.

Space Life Science of China

With the human space exploration activities, space life science is an emerging interdiscipline,which covers a wide range of researches. Based on our country's manned space station and recoverable satellite science experimental platform, the development of space life science research is very important to acquire new knowledge or new technological innovation, to give further services to the human space exploration activities,to improve the national economic and social development. Both ground-based and flight applied studies were continuously performed in the previous 2 years. Here, we review and summarize the researches on space life sciences contributed by Chinese scientists.

Progress Report of Space Life Science in China

In the past two years,space life sciences research in China is characterized by a tendency toward integration of scientific and engineering resources in preparing and implementing advanced space programs.In the field of operational medicine,we carried out an international cooperated Head-Down Bed Rest(HDBR) experiment and investigated the effects of Chinese herbs compounds on astronaut's physiological functions.The effect of microgravity and its mechanisms were further studied from the level of physiology and biology.At the same time,state-level platform for ground and space experiment was established.

Space Life Science of China in 2013

In the past two years, space life science research in China is characterized by a wide area of basic researches for providing foundation for the future China Space Station. The effect of microgravity and radiation was further studied from physiology phenomena to the level of bio-molecule mechanisms. Chinese space life science is maturing in a new era of comprehensive development.Here, we review and summarize researches on space life sciences which were contributed by Chinese scientists.

Predictive Maintenance of Manned Spacecraft Through Remaining Useful Life Estimation Technique

Manned spacecraft pose challenges in terms of extremely high safety and reliability, and with the growth of system complexity and longer on-orbit operation time, the traditional management mode, such as monitoring the threshold of parameter passively, is difficult to meet the required safety standards. Predictive maintenance, which analyzes the system heath trend and estimates remaining useful life(RUL) to establish maintenance strategies ahead of time before failure occurs, is a new mode to approach maintenance tasks. Here, a predictive maintenance strategy for complex manned spacecraft is proposed based on the remaining useful life estimation technique. Firstly, a health index is established based on an abundance of telemetry data, reflecting the system's current health state. Secondly, we map the health index to the remaining useful life through system degradation modelling, taking into consideration both the system's stochastic deterioration and uncertainty. The maintenance and management strategies are then made based on the calculated distribution of RUL time. Finally, a case study on Chinese space station energy system predictive maintenance is presented.

Remaining Useful Life Prediction for Aero-Engines Combining Sate Space Model and KF Algorithm

The key to failure prevention for aero-engine lies in performance prediction and the exhaust gas temperature margin(EGTM)is used as the most important degradation parameter to obtain the operating performance of the aero-engine.Because of the complex environment interference,EGTM always has strong randomness,and the state space based degradation model can identify the noisy observation from the true degradation state,which is more close to the actual situations.Therefore,a state space model based on EGTM is established to describe the degradation path and predict the remaining useful life(RUL).As one of the most effective methods for both linear state estimation and parameter estimation,Kalman filter(KF)is applied.Firstly,with EGTM degradation data,state space model approach is used to set up a state space model for aero-engine.Secondly,RUL of aero-engine is analyzed,and expected RUL and distribution of RUL are determined.Finally,the sate space model and KF algorithm are applied to an example of CFM-56aero-engine.The expected RUL is predicted,and corresponding probability density distribution(PDF)and cumulative distribution function(CDF)are given.The result indicates that the accuracy of RUL prediction reaches 7.76%ahead 580 flight cycles(FC),which is more accurate than linear regression,and therefore shows the validity and rationality of the proposed method.

从街道场所到城市区域:美国城市宜居性的研究与实践

“宜居性”是20世纪60年代以来美国人本主义城市设计中的重要议题。区别于现代主义带有浓重乌托邦色彩的宏大城市构想,宜居性理论重点关注微小叙事和日常生活。文章通过详细梳理20世纪60年代以来美国宜居性理论研究和实践的发展历程发现:1996年以前的宜居性研究聚焦于街道—场所尺度,包含两条研究脉络,即从安全的街道到复合型林荫大道和从交往的场所到公共领域的重塑;1996年以后,新城市主义理论的发展推动了“街道—社区—城市—区域”多尺度融合的宜居性研究和实践。在此基础上,对我国的宜居城市建设提出3点启示:以人为本,优化步行和公交系统;关注日常生活,鼓励公共参与;注重多尺度空间要素的一致性和完整性。

城市更新的参与式治理:从物质空间到社会空间

从全生命周期关注城市更新已引起政策和实践的重视,但现有研究多关注城市更新的空间建设和实现阶段,对于城市更新空间的后续维护和使用阶段却相对较少关注。通过对上海社区层面的微更新、街区层面的生活圈建设、城市层面的滨江滨河空间贯通等三个层次案例的分析发现,城市更新是否带来期待的社会效果不仅取决于物质空间建设,还取决于是否通过参与式治理形成了有序的社会空间。物质空间的建设可在短时间内完成,但有序社会空间的形成需要较长时间的磨合和探索。从城市更新到美好生活需要重视物质空间供给后引发的社会空间问题,以参与式治理推动城市更新的可持续发展。

日常的温暖:“为人”的公共空间

后疫情时代背景下,我国城市建设中尤其需要重视“以人为本”的规划设计,实现环境品质的精细化提升。文章针对快速建设中城市公共空间的规划设计重宏大叙事、轻日常使用的现象,通过问题和症结解析,强调公共空间营造需顺应时代发展下的新需求新动向,突出“为人”的初心,成就“日常温暖”的公共场所,并提出了“径、空、用、场”四项关键原则,即“步行力可及、空间好体验、日常多功用、场所有归属”。

论毕肖普诗歌中异化的日常生活及其救赎

伊丽莎白·毕肖普的诗歌多以日常生活为主题。诗人通过对生活空间和生活实践的细致描写,揭示现代化对日常生活造成的异化。以毕肖普诗歌中呈现的日常生活为切入点,结合亨利·列斐伏尔的日常生活批判理论,有助于探究诗歌中异化的日常生活及其救赎方式。毕肖普在诗歌中揭露并批判了资本主义制度与现代工业社会存在的种种虚伪与不公,并将艺术化的生活风格以及来自生活的梦境、想象与记忆作为可能救赎异化生活的途径。毕肖普在诗歌中塑造了一种崭新的理想生活秩序,试图重建现代人得以栖息的精神家园。

老年缺血性脑卒中患者出院后生活空间现状及其影响因素分析

目的调查老年缺血性脑卒中患者出院后生活空间现状,并分析其影响因素。方法选取在笔者所在医院神经内科接受治疗且出院后1年的老年缺血性脑卒中患者340例作为研究对象,采用一般资料问卷、汉密尔顿焦虑量表、汉密尔顿抑郁量表、脑卒中患者家庭护理质量量表、Connor-Davidson心理弹性量表、运动锻炼自我效能量表以及生活空间评估量表对其进行调查。结果老年缺血性脑卒中患者出院后生活空间得分为(42.49±10.93)分。多元线性回归分析结果显示,年龄、文化程度、合并其他慢性病、住房类型、家庭人均月收入、抑郁、家庭护理质量、心理弹性和锻炼自我效能是老年缺血性脑卒中患者出院后生活空间的独立影响因素(F=260.208,P<0.001)。结论老年缺血性脑卒中患者出院后生活空间水平偏低,可通过提供良好的家庭康复护理、开展心理支持以及协助改善居住环境等方式,改善患者的生活空间。

“三生空间”协调视角下湖北省石牌镇空间优化浅析

石牌镇是我国历史文化名镇,历史上因毗邻汉水,所以水路交通发达。在“乡村振兴”的大背景下,石牌镇作为平原地区的乡镇,在“三生空间”协同发展方面面临着诸多问题,文章以湖北省钟祥市石牌镇为研究对象,采用适合其“三生空间”协同发展的评价指标体系,运用ArcGIS等软件进行数据处理和分析,研究石牌镇的发展现状,分析其“三生空间”协同发展的问题,根据以上分析提出因地制宜的实用性村镇优化策略。

省域共同富裕水平测度、差异特征与空间收敛分析——基于PROMETHEE评价法的广东省城市数据研究

共同富裕是社会主义的本质要求,对于整体发展水平高且内部板块发展差距大的省市进行共同富裕水平评估与分析具有重要的示范意义.在基于三生空间理论重新解构共同富裕指标体系的基础上,利用PROMETHEE评价法、泰尔指数、收敛模型对广东省共同富裕水平进行实证分析.结果表明:广东省共同富裕水平处于上升态势,整体上呈现由珠三角向外围降低的半圆形空间格局,粤东、粤西、粤北的多数城市处于低低集聚区;广东省共同富裕水平的提升具有区域不均衡性,差距主要来源于区域间,但差距呈逐渐减小趋势,同时粤东、粤西组内差距明显;广东省共同富裕水平存在σ收敛、绝对与条件β收敛,4个区域的绝对β收敛速度与条件β收敛速度的位序格局具有迥异性,省域内部板块间追赶效应显著;广东省城市间共同富裕水平存在显著的正空间相关性,产业结构与基础设施对周边城市共同富裕水平具有提升作用,而对外开放程度抑制邻域城市共同富裕水平提升.基于上述结论,本文提出培育不同层级增长极+强化区域网络关联度,抑制负向作用+强化正向作用(外生变量),以此促进广东省尽快实现共同富裕的目标.