Methoprene对五龄蚕氮素代谢和饲料效率的影响(简报)

为进一步查明methoprene对桑蚕茧丝生产饲料效率的影响,以methoprene在5龄初期进行体喷和添食处理.调查了幼虫的成长、茧质、丝腺重量和丝腺核酸量的变化,食下量、消化量及消化率,氮素的代谢,食下饲料及氮素的分配情况等.供试蚕品种为玉龙×彩凤和中197×日197,雄蚕,全龄人工饲料育。实验结果表明: ①经methoperne处理,能使发育经过延长,体重增加。

Additive Efficiency of Fipronil + Methoprene Compared to Fipronil Alone against <i>Rhipicephalus sanguineus</i>Ticks in Naturally Infested Dogs

The acaricidal efficiency of fipronil alone and fipronil + methoprene compared to commercial fipronil and commercial fipronil + methoprene, applied by the epicutaneous route (spot-on) in dogs naturally infested with ticks, was assessed. Thirty dogs infested with high loads of ticks were used. On day 0, the dogs were divided into 5 groups of 6 animals each. Each animal was duly identified for individual and group monitoring. Treatments were made based on body weight according to manufacturer’s instructions. Group 1 (G1) received 10.0% fipronil at a single dose of a pipette applied by epicutaneous route in the base of the neck. G2 received 10% fipronil + 10% methoprene in single application similarly to G1. G3 was treated with 9.8% commercial fipronil as before mentioned. G4 received commercial 9.8% fipronil + 9.8% methoprene applied as in previous groups. G5 served as an infected untreated control. Animals were examined by thumb tick counts on days 0 (Treatment day), 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28. Efficacy was measured as a percentage of tick reduction in the treated groups relative to the untreated control. Results indicated an overall efficacy of 88.2%, 93%, 90.4% and 99.3%, respectively. There was no significant statistical difference between the treated groups (P < 0.05), neither in sex nor in weight. Engorged ticks were the most frequent, followed by the nymph group. However, by the end of the study these data were reversed due to the fact that only small larvae were found, which we interpreted came from engorged ticks that released their progeny before dying and a month later their offspring began to be observed presently and in full development. It is concluded that the combined formulations of fipronil + methoprene compared to fipronil applied alone, showed an additive effect against Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks in naturally infested dogs kept in captivity.

Methoprene对SpltNPV增殖及其LC_(50)的影响

通过对斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒(SpltNPV)在其不同龄期宿主体内增殖情况的研究,探索保幼激素类似物(JHA)methoprene促进SpltNPV在其宿主体内增殖的途径,为今后广泛利用methoprene进行高效率、低成本增殖昆虫杆状病毒杀虫剂提供理论依据和方法.运用正交组合的方法筛选3种主要因子(病毒感染浓度、methoprene用量和methoprene施用时间)对提高病毒增殖产量进行最佳组合实验.实验确立了以1×107PIBs/mL感染6龄刚蜕皮的斜纹夜蛾幼虫,并于感染第1天滴加10μL methoprene的最佳组合方法,病毒总产量和平均病毒产量分别可达1 856.0×108PIBs和62.2×108PIBs.并测定了methoprene处理对SpltNPV病毒LC50的影响.经methoprene处理后,病毒的LC50由1.578×107PIBs/mL增加至9.151×107PIBs/mL.

Methoprene application and diet protein supplementation to male melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae, modifies female remating behavior

Methoprene （an analogue of juvenile hormone） application and feeding on a protein diet is known to enhance male melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillett （Diptera： Tephritidae）, mating success. In this study, we investigated the effect of these treatments on male B. cucurbitae＇s ability to inhibit female remating. While 14-d-old females were fed on protein diet, 6-d-old males were exposed to one of the following treatments： （i） topical application of methoprene and fed on a protein diet; （ii） no methoprene but fed on a protein diet; （iii） methoprene and sugar-fed only; and （iv） sugar-fed, 14-d-old males acted as controls. Treatments had no effect on a male＇s ability to depress the female remating receptivity in comparison to the control. Females mated with protein-deprived males showed higher remating receptivity than females first mated with protein-fed males. Methoprene and protein diet interaction had a positive effect on male mating success during the first and second mating of females. Significantly more females first mated with sugar-fed males remated with protein-fed males and females first mated with methoprene treated and protein-fed males were more likely to remate with similarly treated males. Females mating latency （time to start mating） was significantly shorter with protein-fed males, and mating duration was significantly longer with protein-fed males compared with protein-deprived males. These results are discussed in the context of methoprene and/or dietary protein as prerelease treatment of sterile males in area-wide control of melon fly integrating the sterile insect technique （SIT）.

保幼激素类似物对斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒增殖的影响

分别用5×106,1×107,5×107,1×108PIBs/mL4种浓度的斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒(SpltNPV)感染斜纹夜蛾末龄幼虫(第6龄),并于同龄期以10μg/头的保幼激素类似物(JHA)methoprene分别对各感染组进行点滴处理,以研究JHA对SpltNPV增殖的影响。研究表明,与对照组相比各不同浓度处理组病毒总产量分别提高227.06%、128.71%、52.62%、33.15%,平均单头病毒含量分别提高49.15%、48.40%、36.40%和31.11%,病毒感染死亡率分别提高119.21%、52.72%、12.64%和1.12%。其中以1×107PIBs/mL感染再经JHA处理的病毒总产量和平均单头病毒含量最高,分别为1701.8×108PIBs和60.1×108PIBs。各处理组的病毒总产量和平均单头病毒含量均显著高于其对照组。在此基础上,进一步研究了JHA对染毒与未染毒宿主消化生理的影响。结果表明,JHA处理不仅延长了6龄幼虫的寿命,增加了其取食量,而且还显著提高了幼虫的食物转化率和病毒产量。

保幼激素类似物对重组甜菜夜蛾核多角体病毒SeXD1增殖的影响

用重组甜菜夜蛾核多角体病毒SeXD1感染甜菜夜蛾幼虫,并于同龄期点滴保幼激素类似物Methoprene（ZR-515）,研究其对SeXD1增殖的影响。研究表明,用5×10^7PIB/ml的SeXD1感染甜菜夜蛾五龄幼虫,并以2μg/头Methoprene点滴处理效果最佳,其感染死亡率、平均单头病毒含量、病毒总产量分别为95.3%、8.6×10^8PIBs/头和2.45×10^11PIBs;比对照提高65.1%、115.0%和264.1%。研究了Methoprene对染毒及未染毒宿主消化生理的影响。结果显示,Methoprene处理不仅延长甜菜夜蛾幼虫历期,增加其取食量,还显著提高幼虫的食物转化率。

昆虫生长调节剂在媒介控制中的应用

昆虫生长调节剂（IGR3）或昆虫发育抑制剂（IDI3）是一类有潜力的杀虫剂,具有延滞或抑制昆虫生长的性能。由于具有和常规杀虫剂不同的独特作用方式而日益受到人们的重视（Mulder和 Gijswijt 1773,Post等1974,Slama等 1974,Quraishi 1977,Grossurt和 Tipker1980,Itoh 1981,Worthing和 Walker 1987,Mulla 1991）。

Aerosol distribution and efficacy in a commercial food warehouse

A series of field trials were conducted in a commercial food storage facility to evaluate exposure of stored-product insects to aerosol formulations of synergized pyrethrins and the insect growth regulator methoprene. When adults of Tribolium castaneum （Herbst）, the red flour beetle, and Tribolium confusum （Jacqueline DuVal）, the confused flour beetle were exposed with and without a food source to synergized pyrethrin aerosol, there was no difference in adult mortality with respect to availability of food at either 7 or 14 days after exposure （P≥0.05）. However, mortality was lower in T. confusum （40.4% and 79.3% with flour at 7 and 14 days, 38.9% and 84.8% without flour at 7 and 14 days） compared to T. castaneum （96.5% and 99.8% with flour at 7 and 14 days, 91.0% and 98.7% without flour at 7 and 14 days）. Few late-stage larvae and pupae of either species exposed to the pyrethrin aerosol emerged as adults. In tests with methoprene aerosol, adult emergence of exposed 3- and 4-week-old larvae of T. confusum was less than 2%. Only 0.3% of 4-week-old larvae of T. castaneum exposed in open and obstructed areas emerged as adults. Emergence of adults from eggs of Plodia interpunctella （Hubner）, the Indianmeal moth, embedded in culture media and exposed to the methoprene aerosol was 13.2%±3.5%. Results show that the aerosols evaluated in our study could give effective control of some of the major storedproduct insect pests in commercial food storage facilities, and may offer an alternative to fumigation.