基于Needs甲基化法枸杞多糖指纹图谱的建立

目的多糖是枸杞中主要的活性成分,各产地间枸杞多糖的结构和含量均有差异。目前枸杞多糖的质量控制方法大多都通过单糖组成构建指纹图谱,但仅通过单糖指纹图谱对枸杞多糖进行质量控制,并不能系统地对不同产地的枸杞多糖进行质量控制。因此,我们在单糖指纹图谱的基础上,利用Needs甲基化法确定枸杞多糖的糖残基连接方式,建立Needs甲基化法枸杞多糖指纹图谱,实现对不同产地枸杞的质量控制。方法通过水提醇沉法获得枸杞多糖,并采用Needs甲基化、完全酸水解、硼氢化钠还原及乙酰化等方法结合GC-MS测定枸杞多糖的糖残基连接方式。结果将18批枸杞多糖的糖残基连接方式色谱图导入《中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统》(2004版)构建出指纹图谱,并结合多种化学计量法评价不同产地间枸杞多糖的差异。相似度计算结果发现,除西藏自治区三批枸杞多糖相似度0.551-0.569,其余15批样品相似度均0.929以上。糖残基连接方式色谱图共标定了16个共有峰,指认了其中10个共有峰,分别为TArap、T-Araf、T-Xylp、1,2-Arap、1,3-Rhap、1,5-Araf、T-Glcp、T-Galp、1,4-Glcp、1,6-Galp。HCA、PCA和PLS-DA分析结果将18批次不同产地的枸杞多糖分为3类,并筛选出了3个标志性成分,分别为T-Araf、1,5-Araf和T-Glcp,以此来判断不同产地间枸杞多糖的差异性。结论首次建立了18批枸杞多糖的Needs甲基化法指纹图谱,为枸杞多糖质量控制提供实验数据参考,进一步证明了多糖在中药质量控制中的作用。

The Oral Health Status of Person with Special Needs in Kumasi

Background: The most prevalent non-communicable disease worldwide is oral health-related disease, with dental caries and periodontal conditions being common. Oral health status significantly impacts overall health and quality of life. Barriers to dental care affect children with special needs. This study evaluates the oral health status and treatment requirements of people with special needs. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study in Kumasi, Ghana examined oral health status among people, 121 children with special needs over two months, in June-July 2022. Dental caries, periodontal changes, malocclusion, and trauma were assessed. The data was analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Results: The oral health status among people with special needs in this study was generally moderate, with a range from very good to very poor. The prevalence of dental caries was 37%, with a mean DMFT score of 2.82. Periodontal health showed unsatisfactory indicators such as mobile teeth, poor gingival health, high plaque scores, and the presence of halitosis. Conclusion: This descriptive study aimed to provide baseline data on the oral health status of special needs students in Kumasi, addressing the lack of knowledge in this area. It highlighted the importance of dental care in maintaining good oral health and overall well-being in individuals with special needs. Coordinated efforts by dental professionals are needed to provide dental health education and preventive interventions for these children.

Managements of Special Health Care Needs Patients from Dental Assistant Point

The main role of this article is to describe dental assistants and the dental department’s role in the dental delivery system for Special health care needs (SCHN) by creating a structure to educate the dental assisting profession and project factors that have a significant impact on the dental assistant. The dental assisting management of SCHN patient’s profession including dental Assistance general responsibilities, regulation credentialing, and education. The SCHN patient’s management creates a challenge in all area of the dental department. Handling patient with a SCHN is underexplored throughout the dental staff especially when there is not enough theoretical foundation, education and training to deal with this category of patients. SCHN patients are defined as individuals who have abnormal behavioral impairments, mental conditions or/and chronic disease or abnormal laboratory results. Thus, the aim of this article is to guide all dental assistance staff in the best dental management choice for SCHN patients. All health care teams are part of patient care in most medical settings. A work environment supportive ensures positive outcomes for patient care. This article was considered as those categories of patients required more care and special way to deal with, moreover language, age, gender and education level of the patient are also considered significant parries. Not Many studies were found to support the care of SCHN patients in dentistry department. Taking experience from other area help to design a system to handle the SCHN even if it requires hiring a Dentist who is specialized in that filed.

Information Needs and Self-Care Practices of Diabetic Patients in Mbala, Northern Province, Zambia

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. It is “a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both” manifested by carbohydrates, fat and protein metabolism abnormality. If untreated high blood sugar can damage the nerves, eyes, kidneys, and other organs. The purpose of this study was to assess the information needs and self-care practice of Diabetic Patients in Mbala, Northern Province Zambia. Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study where 105 respondents aged 18 years and above participated in the study. Participants were randomly selected. A structured interview schedule and a check list were used to collect data. Statistics Package for Social Sciences computer software package version 23.0 was used to analyze data. Chi square and fisher’s exact tests were used to test the significance of the association between Knowledge of Diabetes Mellitus, attitude towards self-care practices, self-care practices among Diabetic patients and the need for information among Diabetic patients. A 95% confidence interval and P value of 0.05 were used to ascertain the degree of significance. Multi-variate binary logistic regression model to determine predictors of self-care practices and need for information was also used. Result: On analyzing the dependent variables, more than half (61.9%), had high need for information and three quarters (85.7%) of respondents had poor self-care practices. Slightly more than half (58.1%) had high knowledge levels majority (78.1%), had a negative attitude. Significant associations were found P Conclusion: Negative attitudes and lack of information among Diabetic patients were the main reasons associated with poor self-care practices. Particular attention should therefore be given to ensuring that Diabetic patients are given adequate information on Diabetes self-care in order to improve the quality of life.

Comparison of Self-Perception of Esthetics and Orthodontic Treatment Needs among Dental and Non-Dental Students with Assessment by Orthodontist

Objectives: The present study was conducted to compare the self-perception of esthetics and wish for seeking orthodontic treatment among dental and non-dental students. The realistic orthodontic treatment needs were confirmed by expert orthodontist. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 255 male students (Dental—75, Medical—93 and Pharmacy—87 students). The questionnaire included 20 items covering dental esthetics self-perception (10 questions), self-confidence and psychological impact (5 questions), and the need for seeking orthodontic treatment (5 questions) on a five-point Likert scale. The realistic orthodontic treatment needs were confirmed by photographs using aesthetic component of IOTN and clinical examination for the participants and analysis of jaw models using Dental aesthetic index (DAI). Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA was used to check the significant difference between groups. Results: The overall average esthetic self-perception score for total sample was 3.83. The overall average psychological impact score for the whole sample was 2.67. The total percentage of participants who either agree or strongly agree with the question related to their perception of need for seeking orthodontic treatment was 70%. According to the assessment of orthodontic needs using AC-IOTN, 19.8% required definitive treatment. According to the assessment of orthodontic treatment needs based on DAI, 20.3% and 9.9% needed highly desirable (DAI 31 - 35) and definite need of treatment (DAI ≥ 36) respectively. Conclusion: It can be concluded that there was no difference between the esthetic perception of dental and non-dental students. The self-perception for seeking orthodontic treatment was over-reported by participants compared to real requirement as assessed by orthodontic specialist. Dental esthetics has no psychological impact on academic performance and self-confidence as perceived by study participants.

Reporting Children’s Development below the Test Floor: Looking Back and Forth to Describe Individual Strengths and Needs

The test floor effects seen in standardised tests lead to a standardised score of 1 or less with a flat profile that hides a child’s individual strengths and needs. The Griffiths III community of practitioners requested advice on the reporting of children’s development below the floor of the test, so that individual strengths and needs can be described. This paper reports the third phase of research following an earlier Scoping Review and a wider literature review. To confirm quality control, Phase 3 was conducted in a retrospective manner using the same methodology as the earlier phases but in a reverse direction. Peer reviewer comments and key elements from the Scoping Review and keywords from the publications were tabulated. Data analysis included a change of perspective to that of the child and their individual rights with respect to the literature themes already described in Phase 2. These confirmed that there is little specific guidance in the literature, but that computational advances for homogeneous populations and especially disaggregated data offer some solutions. A greater balance between broad biopsychosocial models and standardised models of assessment should be sought by practitioners together with the use of disaggregated data to highlight issues that pertain to individual subsets of results. This will ensure that the child’s right for their individual strengths and needs to be described together with a plan for management, may be met.

Needs and Opportunities for Information in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer Attending a Tertiary Hospital in Tanzania—A Qualitative Study

Background: The majority of breast cancer patients in Tanzania present with advanced disease, and a significant proportion has metastatic breast cancer (MBC) on presentation or develops it during the course of their follow-up. With few treatment options to choose from, such patients often benefit from empathic support and access to information to help them make treatment decisions based on their individual circumstances and needs. Patients with MBC have been shown to present with unique physical, social and psychological needs that require additional time, counselling and availability of health care providers in addition to the routine options available to other patients. In resource-limited settings, the needs of such patients are often unknown and unaddressed, which adds to the anxiety associated with the diagnosis and its treatment. Materials and methods: This descriptive qualitative study was conducted using 3 focus group discussions with a total of 17 participants with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) attending Ocean Road Cancer Institute in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Participants were purposively selected for the study from outpatient clinics and inpatient wards. A semi-structured FGD guide was used to moderate discussions and analysis was done using a thematic approach. Results: The median age of participants was 51 (range 33 - 81 years) with an average of 4 months (range 1 - 12 months) from diagnosis of BC to the interview. 4 (24%) were diagnosed with MBC on first presentation (denovo). Participants spoke about the importance of accurate BC-related information in allowing timely referral and treatment both in the community and within the health system. They recognized the role of mass and social media in increasing awareness about BC and identified myths surrounding cancer treatment especially mastectomy. Correct and timely information at points of care, through media platforms and via ambassadors/patient support groups was perceived as a means to avoiding delays and securing early and effective treatment. Conclusion: Patients with MBC in Tanzania have many unmet informational needs in relation to their disease. Accurate BC-related information is important in allowing early detection and diagnosis. At the community level, provision of information through established media platforms and the use of patient advocates may help to enable early referral and treatment of patients.

Factors Associated with Unmet Need for Family Planning among Couples Living in Urban and Rural Areas of Guinea in 2019

Introduction: Unmet need for family planning (UNFP) is defined as women with unmet needs who want to stop or delay childbearing but are not using any method of contraception. The objective of this study was to analyze the factors associated with unmet needs for family planning among couples living in rural and urban areas of Guinea in 2019. Methodology: This was a prospective, analytical cross-sectional, multicenter study of a six-month period from August 1, 2018 to January 31, 2019, focusing on couples with unmet needs for family planning. Result: Among 189 couples interviewed, 567 had UNFP (33.3%), the reasons for not using modern contraceptive methods were desire for pregnancy (AOR = 2.74, 95% CI: 1.74, 4.31), husband’s refusal (AOR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.81), spousal attitude (AOR = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.130, 30), birth spacing (AOR = 2.10% to 95%: 1.16, 3.82), difficulty with a new pregnancy (AOR = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.74), and spousal attitude (AOR = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.14, 0.30). Conclusion: The involvement of spouses, especially in rural communities, would help achieve family planning objectives and reduce unmet needs for family planning.

Evaluating Inpatient Hospital Bed Need at the Community Level

An important component of health care planning at the community level is the identification of inpatient hospital bed capacity. In the United States, hospitals are major providers of patient care and the largest sources of health care expenses. This study evaluated inpatient hospital capacity for major services including adult medicine, adult surgery, and obstetrics. It was based on local and regional demographics, admissions per capita, inmigration, and inpatient lengths of stay. The study also involved the use of the methodology to estimate bed need based on a reduction in hospital admissions and discharges of 15 percent. This level has been the experience of area hospitals between 2019 and 2022. The study also included the use of the bed need methodology to estimate the hospital utilization based on a decline in inpatient lengths of stay. It resulted in a decline in hospital occupancy in the hospital service area from 1213.1 to 1012.6 patients based on 80 percent occupancy and the best practice hospital stays in the region.

Validity assessment and determination of the cutoff value for the Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need among 12-13 year-olds in Southern Chinese

To validate the use of the Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need （ICON） in assessing orthodontic treatment need among 12-13 year-olds in southern China, we determined the threshold value of ICON based on Chinese orthodontists＇ judgments. The samples consisted of 335 students in grade 7 from 16 randomly selected middle schools in Chengdu, China. Three associate professors provided ICON scores for each participant and the results were compared with the gold standard judgments from 25 experts on treatment needs. Based on the gold standard, 195 casts belonged to the treatment category, while the rest 140 belonged to the no-treatment category. With the international cutoff point of 43, the sensitivity and specificity of the iCON score were 0.29 and 0.98. The best compromise between sensitivity and specificity in Chengdu, compared with the gold standard, was found at a cutoff point of 29, and the sensitivity and specificity were 0.88 and 0.83. When used to evaluate the treatment need of 12-13 year-olds in southern China, the international ICON cutoff value did not correspond well with Chinese orthodontists＇ judgments; a lower cutoff value of 29 offered a ~reater sensitivitv and soecificitv with respect to exoert orthodontists＇ oerceotion of treatment need.

The Application of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs to Educational Settings

Hierarchy of Needs,one of the most influential motivation theories,was developed by Abraham Maslow in 1940-50's USA.Hi erarchy of Needs theory has great significance in understanding human motivation,management training and personal development.The purpose of this paper is to investigate briefly the application of the theory to educational settings so as to guide a more effective education.

The Survey on Course Design for Business English Majors on the Base of Needs Analysis

Based on the needs analysis theory, a survey on the course design of Business English at Honghe University are conducted. Business English majors' learning needs and attitudes towards course design of Business English are researched through questionnaires. Business English competences needed in workplaces and society's needs for Business English talents are investigated. After analyzing recruitment information for Business English talents collected from domestic credible websites, some suggestions on course design of business English are supplied.

On The Role Of Needs Analysis In ESP Course And Its Implications For Specialized EnglishReading Cour

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Some Refletion on Susan's Death from Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

To Room Nineteen is singled out as one of Doris Lessing' s best short stories. It started with a "happy" marriage between Susan and Rawling,but ended with Susan's suicide in Room Nineteen where she thought she could find real freedom. This paper tries to analyze Susan's psychological state and needs,her unusual behaviors,as well as her death from Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory.

Landscape Expressions in Hospital Green Spaces Based on the Needs of Patients

According to the Hierarchy of Needs Theory proposed by Abraham Maslow, demands of patients on the landscape environment of hospital green spaces were analyzed, and based on analyzing the psychological characters and behavior patterns of patients, differences of those demands were distinguished. It was proposed that the best stimulation principle should be applied to design patient-centered hospital green spaces based on their needs.

English Language Assistance Needs of Chinese Students

It is known that the IELTS test has not been a good predictor of English capability in academic settings. More information is required. Are students not motivated to keep improving their English; what obstacles do they face? The English language issues facing international students from China at one University are explored through a survey and focus groups. It is observed that a lack of motivation is not the key factor. Rather one core problem is the very difficult demands of acculturation within a short time frame which would enable confidence for the students to continue to engage with other English speaking students. When faced with such immediate and hard to achieve acculturation, many retreat to their language groups. In the academic context, support for the transition to discipline based academic genres is double difficult as the time frame for second language learners is longer, but performance requirements are more immediate. Many first language students also have difficulties in this area, but have the easier language path to mastery. The study draws usefully on a comparison made with students studying English in China.

ELT Materials Design of a Speaking Unit based on Needs Analysis

In this article,the authors design a speaking unit based on needs analysis following Hutchinson and Waters'(1987) model.First,the rationale in designing this unit is introduced,which involves the teaching approach adopted and relevant theories in organizing the materials.Then,the teaching plan of this speaking unit is provided and some activities are designed to create an authentic and optimal situation for students to practice their speaking skill.

Method of Electricity Supply Reliability Need Assessment for Multi-type Power Users Area

With electric power outage influence on different type users analyzed, indexes for assessing supply reliability need level is designed. Based on fuzzy evaluation method, a regional power supply reliability level assessment method which utilizes qualitative data is presented.

Exploring the Self-Perceived Needs for Family Members Having Adult Critically Ill Loved Person: Descriptive Study

The aim of this study was to explore the self-perceived needs for adult family members having critically ill patient, measure to how extent the needs are met and identify who meet the needs. The study took place in critical care units of the largest governmental hospital in Jordan. The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional design. The Arabic translation of Critical Care Family Need Inventory was used to investigate the needs of convenient samples of 60 adult family members having critically ill patients. Findings revealed that 16 out of 45 need items on the CCFNI were rated as very important in >90% of the sample. The participants ranked need for assurance, information and proximity as the highest;need for support and comfort as the lowest. Families in this study viewed nurses as the most important source to meet their needs. A holistic approach of nursing management requires that nurses assess family needs using valid and reliable tools and develop intervention strategies to meet the identified needs.

消费需求中的“NEEDS”与“WANTS”

在英文中,消费需求包括“Needs”和“Wants”,有人把它们分别译为“需求”或“欲望”、“需要”和“想要”,也有人用“生理需要”和“心理需要”,或“物质需要”与“精神需要”来区分。从意思上讲,这些表述都是有道理的,但从“Needs”和“Wants(也有人用‘desires’)”的定义和表述的简洁来讲,本人更愿意把它们表述为“需求”和“欲求”,即消费者“求其所需”和“求其所欲”的意思。从消费需求的发展来看,二者的区别越来越小,甚至可以互换使用;所以,通常情况下,我们只使用“消费需求”这一概念,而不再对二者进行严格的区分。