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Analysis of Thermal Transfer of Reinforced Concrete Submarine Oil Tanks
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作者 Song Yupu Zhao Guofan Ph. D. Professor, The State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024 Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024 《China Ocean Engineering》 SCIE EI 1994年第2期171-180,共10页
-The temperature distributions obtained by different methods of analysis for solving thermal transfer of reinforced concrete (R. C.) submarine oil tanks (RCSOT), including flat wall method, cylinder wall method and fi... -The temperature distributions obtained by different methods of analysis for solving thermal transfer of reinforced concrete (R. C.) submarine oil tanks (RCSOT), including flat wall method, cylinder wall method and finite element method, are compared with the experimental data of thermal transfer of RCSOT. The precision and scope of applicability of different methods are discussed. The principle for selecting analysis method for solving thermal transfer of RCSOT is given. The analytical and experimental temperature distributions show that the wall of RCSOT should consist of double walls and empty space between them should be filled with sand or other heat insulation materials to reduce the temperature difference of the wall and to prevent concrete from cracking. 展开更多
关键词 oil tank SUBMARINE thermal transfer analysis method temperature distribution
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Corrosion Behavior of Welded Joints for Cargo Oil Tanks of Crude Oil Carrier 被引量:4
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作者 Jin-shan WEI Yan-chang QI +1 位作者 Zhi-ling TIAN Yun PENG 《Journal of Iron and Steel Research International》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2016年第9期955-962,共8页
E32 grade corrosion resistant steel was welded with welding wires with three different S contents. The mi crostructure, mechanical properties, inclusions, and corrosion behavior of welded joint were investigated. The ... E32 grade corrosion resistant steel was welded with welding wires with three different S contents. The mi crostructure, mechanical properties, inclusions, and corrosion behavior of welded joint were investigated. The joint coupon corrosion test and potentiodynamic polarization test were carried out under the simulated corrosion environ- ment of the inner bottom plates of cargo oil tanks. The pitting initiation and propagation mechanism of the weld metal were studied by scanning electron microscopy and infinite focus. The results indicated that the microstructures of three kinds of weld metals are all composed of acicular ferrite, ferrite side-plate and proeutectoid ferrite. The micro- structure of heat affected zone is composed predominantly of bainite. Joint welded with low S filler wire has good me- chanical properties. S can decrease free corrosion potential and increase the corrosion tendency. The pitting initiation is oxide inclusion or sulfide oxide inclusion complex. S can induce the formation of occluded area and promote the corrosion propagation. The chemical compositions of weld metal is similar to base metal, which can limit the galvanic corrosion between weld metal and base metal, and avoid formation of corrosion step. 展开更多
关键词 cargo oil tank welded joint pit corrosion corrosion step
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The Computer Aided Integrated Design and Analysis of Oil Tank in Vehicle 被引量:1
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作者 CHEN Xu 1, CHEN Yong-guang 2 (1. Mechanical Engineering Institute, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China 2. Logistical Engineering University, Chongqing 400016, China) 《厦门大学学报(自然科学版)》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2002年第S1期269-,共1页
This paper creates 3D solid model and assembly of U RJ 92-6 oil tank and analyses its strength by integrated CAD/CAE/CAM software I-D EAS. Through integrated simulation in computer, design efficiency and quality of oi... This paper creates 3D solid model and assembly of U RJ 92-6 oil tank and analyses its strength by integrated CAD/CAE/CAM software I-D EAS. Through integrated simulation in computer, design efficiency and quality of oil tank is greatly improved. Adopting integrated CAD/CAE/CAM software to carry out integrated research to equ ipment and products, we will be able to take overall analysis in aspects of 3-D solid modeling, pre-assembly and strength, etc., to realize non-paper designi ng and parallel designing. Problems can be found and settled during designing, w hich will increase designing efficiency and one-time success rate and realize o ptimum designing for products. 展开更多
关键词 oil tank solid modeling finite element analysis integrated design
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Sludge Pollution Control from Crude Oil Tank Cleaning 被引量:1
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作者 Christopher C. Adigwe Ify L. Nwaogazie +2 位作者 Ejikeme Ugwoha Adekunle O. David Ndubuisi G. Elemuo 《Journal of Water Resource and Protection》 CAS 2022年第9期632-649,共18页
This study investigated the use of microbial analysis as a bioremediation option for remediating petroleum sludge, which is part of the waste stream generated in the petroleum industry. The aim is to reduce environmen... This study investigated the use of microbial analysis as a bioremediation option for remediating petroleum sludge, which is part of the waste stream generated in the petroleum industry. The aim is to reduce environmental burden caused by the discharge of untreated sludge. Sludge sample was cultured in other to isolate microorganisms for the sludge treatment. The selected strain of the organisms after screening were Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Verticillus sp, Penicillum sp, and Microsporium audouinii. Bioreactors (labeled A, B, C, D and O) were designed for the treatment of petroleum sludge. These reactors contain 2.0 × 10<sup>-2</sup> m<sup>3</sup> of the diluted sludge samples and the isolated organisms for the treatment process. On a weekly basis, the control reactors received 1.5 × 10<sup>-3</sup> m<sup>3</sup> of fresh and saline water respectively. After 12 weeks of treatment, sludge physicochemical characteristics showed distinct variations. From the result, reactor D was the best in terms of remediating the sludge as compared to other reactors. Friedman non-parametric test was performed to check if the weeks of treatment affected the reduction of the total hydrocarbon content (THC) in the five reactors and also checked for significant differences in the THC after treatments. The drop in the THC of the treated sludge ranged from 56.0% to 67.3%. These results showed the possibility of enhanced biodegradation of petroleum sludge by hydrocarbon utilizing microorganisms (fungi). 展开更多
关键词 Petroleum Sludge Sludge Pollution Control Crude oil Tank Cleaning Microbial Analysis BIOREMEDIATION BIOREACTOR
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Impact of Crude Oil Storage Tank Emissions and Gas Flaring on Air/Rainwater Quality and Weather Conditions in Bonny Industrial Island, Nigeria 被引量:1
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作者 Vincent Ezikornwor Weli Nsikak I. Itam 《Open Journal of Air Pollution》 2016年第2期44-54,共11页
This study investigated the effects of gaseous emissions from crude storage tank and gas flaring on air and rainwater quality in Bonny Industrial Island. Ambient air quality parameters, rainwater and weather parameter... This study investigated the effects of gaseous emissions from crude storage tank and gas flaring on air and rainwater quality in Bonny Industrial Island. Ambient air quality parameters, rainwater and weather parameters were collected at 60 m, 80 m, 100 m, 200 m and control plot for 4 weeks at the Bonny. Rainwater parameters were investigated using standard laboratory tests. Data analyses were done using Analysis of variance, pairwise t-test and Pearson’s correlation statistical tools. Results show that emission rates, volatile organic compound (VOC) noise and flare temperature decreased with increasing distance from flare points and crude oil storage tanks. Findings further revealed the emission rates varied significantly with distance away from the gas flaring point (F = 6.196;p = 0.004). The mean concentration of pollutants between gas flare site and crude oil storage tank showed that CO (0.02 ± 0.001 - 0.002 ±0.001), SPM (0.011 ± 0.001 - 0.01 ± 0.001), VOC (0.005 ± 0.001 - 0.01 ± 0.001) and NO<sub>2</sub> (0.04 ± 0.001 - 0.005 ± 0.000) had significant variations (p > 0.05) with CO, O<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> having higher concentrations at the gas flare site while SPM, and VOC were higher around the crude oil storage tank site. Wind turbulence was higher around the gas flaring point (4.93 TKE) than the crude oil storage tank (4.55 TKE). Similarly, there was significant variation in the sun radiation, precipitation, and wind speed caused by gas flaring (1582.25 w/m<sup>2</sup>, 436.25 mm, 0.53 m/s) and crude oil storage tank (1536.25 w/m<sup>2</sup>, 3.91.41 mm, 0.51 m/s). There were also significant variations in flared temperature (F = 22.144;p = 0.001);NO<sub>2</sub> (F = 8.250;p = 0.001), CO (F = 6.000;p = 0.004) and VOC (F = 5.574;p = 0.006) with distance from the gas flaring point. The variation in the rainwater parameters with distance from the gas flaring indicated significant variations in pH (F = 5.594;p = 0.006). The study showed that the concentration of VOC and particulates were high in the supposedly control area which is perceived to be safe for human habitation. Significant variations exist in emission rate (p = 0.015), flare temperature (p = 0.001), NO<sub>2</sub> (p = 0.003), VOC (p = 0.001), noise (p = 0.041), hydrogen carbonate (p = 0.037) and chromium (p = 0.032) between the gas flaring and crude oil storage tank. Regular monitoring is advocated to mitigate the harmful effects of the pollutants. 展开更多
关键词 Gas Flaring Crude oil Tank Air Quality RAINWATER Meteorological Parameters
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A method for coastal oil tank detection in polarimetric SAR images based on recognition of T-shaped harbor
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作者 LIU Chun XIE Chunhua +2 位作者 YANG Jian XIAO Yingying BAO Junliang 《Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics》 SCIE EI CSCD 2018年第3期499-509,共11页
To automatically detect oil tanks in polarimetric synthetic aperture radar(SAR) images, a coastal oil tank detection method is proposed based on recognition of T-shaped harbor. First of all, the T-shaped harbor is d... To automatically detect oil tanks in polarimetric synthetic aperture radar(SAR) images, a coastal oil tank detection method is proposed based on recognition of T-shaped harbor. First of all, the T-shaped harbor is detected to locate the region of interest(ROI) of oil tanks. Then all suspicious targets in the ROI are extracted by the segmentation of strong scattering targets and the classifier of H/α. The template targets are selected from the suspicious targets by the combination of a proposed circular degree parameter and the similarity parameter(SP) of the polarimetric coherency matrix. Finally, oil tanks are detected according to the statistics of the similarity parameter between each suspicious target and template targets in ROI. Polarimetric SAR data acquired by RADARSAT-2 over Berkeley and Singapore areas are used for testing. Experiment results show that most of the targets are correctly detected and the overall detection rate is close to 80%.The false rate is effectively reduced by the proposed algorithm compared with the method without T-shaped harbor recognition. 展开更多
关键词 oil tank detection T-shaped harbor recognition polarimetric synthetic aperture radar(SAR)
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Multiplexing Technique Applied in the Optically Powered Oil-tank Detection System
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作者 YUZhijing TIANWei 《Semiconductor Photonics and Technology》 CAS 1998年第2期113-117,共5页
The method of using multiplexing technique to realize the optically powered multiple detection system is presented. As this system adopted novel time and pulse width multiplexing techniques, reliable separation and er... The method of using multiplexing technique to realize the optically powered multiple detection system is presented. As this system adopted novel time and pulse width multiplexing techniques, reliable separation and error code correcting techniques, it realizes optically powered multiple channel and parameters detection, and successfully applied in the oil tanks for temperature, pressure, liquid level and reserve measurings. 展开更多
关键词 Error Code Correction Multiplexing Technique oil Tank Measurement Optically Powered
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The Research Application of 3D Laser Scanning Technology in the Deformation Detection of Large Cylindrical Oil Tank
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作者 Wenxue Lv Jianzhang Li 《Journal of Architectural Research and Development》 2022年第3期14-20,共7页
In order to ensure the safety in using a large cylindrical storage tank,it is necessary to regularly detect its defonnatioii.The traditional total station method has high accuracy in determining the deformation,howeve... In order to ensure the safety in using a large cylindrical storage tank,it is necessary to regularly detect its defonnatioii.The traditional total station method has high accuracy in determining the deformation,however,it has a low measxirement efficiency.Long-term observation means,there are more risks in the petrochemical plant,therefore,this paper proposes the usage of the 3D laser scanner,replacing the traditional total station to determine the defbnnation of a large cylindrical storage tank.The Matlab program,is compiled to calculate the point cloud data,while the tank deformation is analyzed from two different points which are,the local concave convex degree and the ovality degree.It is concluded that,the difference between the data obtained by 3D laser scanning,and total station is within the range of oil tank deformation limit,therefore,3D laser scanner can be used for oil tank deformation detection. 展开更多
关键词 3D laser scanning technologies Large cylindrical oil tank Locally concavo convex ELLIPTICITY
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Influence of Chromium on Corrosion Behavior of Low-alloy Steel in Cargo Oil Tank O_2-CO_2-SO_2-H_2S Wet Gas Environment 被引量:9
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作者 Peng ZHOU Jin-ming LIANG +2 位作者 Fei ZHANG Hui-bin WU Di TANG 《Journal of Iron and Steel Research International》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2015年第7期630-637,共8页
As international maritime organization (IMO) draft 289 was adopted to develop a low-alloy anti-corrosion steel for the deck of cargo oil tank and to understand corrosion mechanism, corrosion behavior of a low-alloy ... As international maritime organization (IMO) draft 289 was adopted to develop a low-alloy anti-corrosion steel for the deck of cargo oil tank and to understand corrosion mechanism, corrosion behavior of a low-alloy steel with chromium contents was studied in O2-CO2-SO2-H2 S wet gas environment. Corrosion rate was measured, and the microstructure and morphology of corrosion product film were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The phase and chemical composition of the corrosion product film were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. The effect of misorientation distribution on corro- sion resistance of steel was evaluated by electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). The results showed that corro- sion rate decreased with increasing chromium content in the low-alloy steel, and the corrosion type was general corrosion. The phenomenon of chromium enrichment was found in corrosion product film consisting of a-FeOOH, γ- FeOOH, sulphur, FeS2 and Fel-xS. The increase of chromium content decreases the amount of high-angle grain boundaries, thus resulting in the improvement of corrosion resistance. 展开更多
关键词 CORROSION cargo oil tank upper deck wet gas low-alloy steel CHROMIUM
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Influence of Inclusion on Corrosion Behavior of E36 Grade Low-alloy Steel in Cargo Oil Tank Bottom Plate Environment 被引量:5
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作者 Hui-bin WU Jin-ming LIANG +3 位作者 Di TANG Xiao-tong LIU Peng-cheng ZHANG Yuan-jie YUE 《Journal of Iron and Steel Research International》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2014年第11期1016-1021,共6页
Corrosion behavior of low-alloy steel was investigated in simulated cargo oil tank (COT) bottom plate service environment (10% NaCl solution, pH = 0.85). The corrosion behavior of inclusion was studied by in-situ ... Corrosion behavior of low-alloy steel was investigated in simulated cargo oil tank (COT) bottom plate service environment (10% NaCl solution, pH = 0.85). The corrosion behavior of inclusion was studied by in-situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). It was found that pitting corrosion was inclined to occur around the place where inclusions exist. After initial corrosion, an area of 10-20μm in diameter was formed as a cireinate cathode around the edge of inclusion. MnS inclusion dissolved in the simulated COT corrosion solution before low-alloy steel matrix, and pitting was formed at the place where MnS dissolved. TiO2 inclusion dissolved in the simulated COT corrosion solution after low alloy steel matrix, and pitting was formed at the place where steel matrix dissolved. The corrosion tended to occur at the area where the curvature radius of inclusion is smaller. The size of round TiO2 inclusions had little influence on corrosion behavior in this certain environment. 展开更多
关键词 cargo oil tank corrosion behavior low alloy steel pitting mechanism INCLUSION
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Leakage detection of oil tank using terahertz spectroscopy 被引量:1
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作者 QIN FanKai CHEN SiTong +4 位作者 CHEN Ru ZHAN HongLei MIAO XinYang XIANG WenFeng ZHAO Kun 《Science China(Technological Sciences)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2021年第9期1947-1952,共6页
The necessity for safety in oil-gas storage and transportation has led to increasing technical requirements for on-line monitoring of damaged pores and oil leakage from tanks. In this study, the severity of damage of ... The necessity for safety in oil-gas storage and transportation has led to increasing technical requirements for on-line monitoring of damaged pores and oil leakage from tanks. In this study, the severity of damage of the oil tank at the micron level was detected by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy(THz-TDS), which is of great significance for the early detection and prevention of oil leakage. The THz amplitude(EP) was related to the severity of damaged according to the THz-TDS measurement of oil tanks with various degrees of damage, including intact, partially damaged, completely damaged, and seriously damaged points.Absorption and scattering effects co-occurred when the THz wave penetrated the tanks, with the collective tendencies being used to expressly monitor oil leakage from tanks. When the oil tank was damaged to form micron-level pores and the crude oil had not overflowed, the pore size was close to THz wavelength and the Mie scattering effect was obvious. After further destruction of the pores, the crude oil gradually spilled over and the scattering effect was gradually transformed from Mie scattering to Rayleigh scattering. In addition, the polar molecules in crude oil have strong resonance under the irradiation of THz wave, and the THz wave has strong attenuation. Eventually, surface tension of the oil flattens the surface of the tank, the scattering effect is gradually suppressed and replaced by the absorption effect. Absorption and scattering caused by THz waves passing through tanks coexist and have competing relationships. The change rule of EPcan successfully prove the phenomenon and can be considered as an important alternative for application to predict the degree of tank damage. Therefore, in this study, the detection of pores as small as micrometers on the oil tank was expected to greatly prevent oil leakage accidents and improve the safety of oil and gas storage and transportation. 展开更多
关键词 ABSORPTION SCATTERING terahertz spectroscopy oil tank LEAKAGE
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Corrosion behavior of low alloy steel for cargo oil tank under upper deck conditions 被引量:1
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作者 Hao Li Feng Chai +2 位作者 Cai-fu Yang Chao Li Xiao-bing Luo 《Journal of Iron and Steel Research International》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2018年第1期120-130,共11页
A simulated corrosion test apparatus was used to investigate the corrosion behavior of a low alloy steel under simulated upper deck conditions in a cargo oil tank. The estimated corrosion loss of conventional E36 clas... A simulated corrosion test apparatus was used to investigate the corrosion behavior of a low alloy steel under simulated upper deck conditions in a cargo oil tank. The estimated corrosion loss of conventional E36 class ship plate steel is 4.27 mm, which is clearly inadequate compared with the standard adopted by International Maritime Organization. Outer rust layer of specimens starts to peel off after 77 days and becomes fragmented after 98 days. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron micros- copy, and Raman spectroscopy revealed that the resulting rust is composed of σ-FeOOH (the main protective phase), Fe2O3, FeS, elemental S, and FeSO4. FeSO4 in the interface of the base and rust layer leads to localized corrosion. Elemental sulfur forms on the surface of σ-FeOOH, and the quantity and size thereof increase with increasing corrosion time. Furthermore, layered elemental sulfur promotes fracture and peels off the rust layer. 展开更多
关键词 Low alloy steel Cargo oil tank Upper deck Corrosion film Elemental sulfur
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Research on the Optimization Approach for Cargo Oil Tank Design Based on the Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm 被引量:1
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作者 姜文英 林焰 +1 位作者 陈明 于雁云 《Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong university(Science)》 EI 2015年第5期565-570,共6页
Based on the improved particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm,an optimization approach for the cargo oil tank design(COTD) is presented in this paper.The purpose is to design an optimal overall dimension of the car... Based on the improved particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm,an optimization approach for the cargo oil tank design(COTD) is presented in this paper.The purpose is to design an optimal overall dimension of the cargo oil tank(COT) under various kinds of constraints in the preliminary design stage.A non-linear programming model is built to simulate the optimization design,in which the requirements and rules for COTD are used as the constraints.Considering the distance between the inner shell and hull,a fuzzy constraint is used to express the feasibility degree of the double-hull configuration.In terms of the characteristic of COTD,the PSO algorithm is improved to solve this problem.A bivariate extremum strategy is presented to deal with the fuzzy constraint,by which the maximum and minimum cargo capacities are obtained simultaneously.Finally,the simulation demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach. 展开更多
关键词 cargo oil tank optimization design nonlinear programming improved particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm fuzzy constraint construction feasibility degree
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