This study explores the coupling effect of pond ash(PA)and polypropylene(PP)fiber to control the strength and durability of expansive soil.The PA is used to chemically treat the expansive soil and PP fiber is adopted ...This study explores the coupling effect of pond ash(PA)and polypropylene(PP)fiber to control the strength and durability of expansive soil.The PA is used to chemically treat the expansive soil and PP fiber is adopted as reinforcement against tensile cracking.The sustainable use of PA and PP fiber are demonstrated by performing mechanical(i.e.unconfined compressive strength,split tensile strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity),chemical(pH value,electrical conductivity and calcite content),and microstructural analyses before and after 2nd,4th,6th,8th and 10th freezing-thawing(F-T)cycles.Three curing methods with 7 d,14 d and 28 d curing periods are considered to reinforce the 5%,10%,15%and 20%PA-stabilized expansive soil with 0.25%,0.5%and 1%PP fiber.In order to develop predictive models for mechanical and durability parameters,the experimental data are processed utilizing artificial neural network(ANN),in association with the leave-one-out cross-validation(LOOCV)as a resampling method and three different activation functions.The mechanical and durability properties of the PA-stabilized expansive soil subgrades are increased with PP fiber reinforcement.The results of ANN modeling predict the mechanical properties perfectly,and the correlation coefficient(R)approaches up to 0.96.展开更多
In order to improve the dimensional stability of wood-polymer composites, wood flour pre-treated by polyethylene glycol （PEG） at two different concentrations and then thermally treated at 140℃, was used as raw mate...In order to improve the dimensional stability of wood-polymer composites, wood flour pre-treated by polyethylene glycol （PEG） at two different concentrations and then thermally treated at 140℃, was used as raw material to produce wood flour/poly- propylene （PP） composites at a wood content of 40%. The structure of modified wood flour was analyzed with a scanning electron microscope （SEM） and its effect on the physical and mechanical properties of wood flour/PP composites was evaluated. The SEM results indicated the ＂bulking＂ effect of PEG on wood flour, which resulted in reduced water uptake. The combination of PEG and heat treatment further improved the moisture resistance of the composites. However, PEG modification had a negative effect on the flexural modulus of rupture （MOR） and the modulus of elasticity （MOE）; whereas heat treatment partly compensated for this reduc- tion. For dynamic mechanical properties, PEG treatment decreased the storage modulus （E＇）. However, the heat treatment resulted in an increase orE＇ of the wood flour/PP composites, with the temperature of loss factor peaks shifting to a higher temperature.展开更多
The grinding of ultra-fine talcum powder and its application in a polypropylene （PP） matrix were investigated. Ultra-fine talcum powder was prepared by adjusting the grinding parameters of the physical milling proce...The grinding of ultra-fine talcum powder and its application in a polypropylene （PP） matrix were investigated. Ultra-fine talcum powder was prepared by adjusting the grinding parameters of the physical milling process. The talcum powder exhibited polymodal distribution. The layered morphology of talcum particles in a horizontal sand mill was rarely damaged or destroyed. PP-talcum nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending using a twin-screw extruder. Nano talcum can be seen as a single particle, although it is not very apparent. The bending strength of talcum-filled PP was gradually increased by approximately 28%. The impact strength linearly decreased as the filler weight ratio increased. The overall maximum improvement in mechanical properties was recorded when the filler ratios increased from 15 wt% to 20 wt%.展开更多
Biaxial-oriented polypropylene (BOPP) thin films are currently used as dielectrics in state-of-the-art capacitors that show many advantages, such as low energy loss and high breakdown strength, but a limited energy de...Biaxial-oriented polypropylene (BOPP) thin films are currently used as dielectrics in state-of-the-art capacitors that show many advantages, such as low energy loss and high breakdown strength, but a limited energy density ( 600 MV/m. The PP-OH dielectric demonstrates a linear reversible charge storage behavior with high releasing energy density > 7 J/cm3 (2 - 3 times of BOPP) after an applied electric field at E = 600 MV/m, without showing any significant increase of energy loss and remnant polarization at zero electric field. On the other hand, a cross-linked polypropylene (x-PP) exhibits an ε ~ 3, which is independent of a wide range of temperatures and frequencies, slim polarization loops, high breakdown strength (E = 650 MV/m), narrow breakdown distribution, and reliable energy storage capacity > 5 J/cm3 (double that of state-of-the-art BOPP capacitors), without showing any increase in energy loss.展开更多
Viscoelastic properties of maleated polypropylene （MAPP）-modified wood flour/polypropylene composites （WPC） were investigated by both a compression stress relaxation method and dynamic mechanical analyses （DMA）....Viscoelastic properties of maleated polypropylene （MAPP）-modified wood flour/polypropylene composites （WPC） were investigated by both a compression stress relaxation method and dynamic mechanical analyses （DMA）. Three wood to polymer ratios （40：60, 60：40, and 80：20） and five MAPP loading levels （0, 1, 2, 4 and 8%） were used to study their effects on the viscoelastic prop- erties of MAPP-WPC. The results show that： 1） higher wood to polymer ratio corresponds to higher stress relaxation levels for unmodified WPC. The modification with MAPP has an obvious effect on the stress relaxation of MAPP-WPC at higher wood to polymer ratios （60：40 and 80：20）, but almost no effect at the 40：60 wood to polymer ratio. The optimal MAPP loading level for the wood to polymer ratio of 60：40 appears at 1%; 2） the storage modulus reaches its maximum at a MAPP loading level of 1% for wood to polymer ratios of 40：60 and 60：40, while for the 80：20 wood to polymer ratio, a higher storage modulus is observed at higher MAPP loading levels, which is quite consistent with the stress relaxation results. The results suggested that a suitable loading level of MAPP has a positive effect on the viscoelastic properties of WPC at higher wood to polymer ratios. Excessive MAPP loading would have resulted in adverse effects.展开更多
The products of expanded polypropylene（EPP） is widely explored and used. the PP modification methods, the preparation methods of EPP and the molding technology of EPP were reviewed. The application of EPP in the fie...The products of expanded polypropylene（EPP） is widely explored and used. the PP modification methods, the preparation methods of EPP and the molding technology of EPP were reviewed. The application of EPP in the field of sporting equipment were also discussed. This paper may provide theoretical foundation for the applications and developments of EPP.展开更多
文摘This study explores the coupling effect of pond ash(PA)and polypropylene(PP)fiber to control the strength and durability of expansive soil.The PA is used to chemically treat the expansive soil and PP fiber is adopted as reinforcement against tensile cracking.The sustainable use of PA and PP fiber are demonstrated by performing mechanical(i.e.unconfined compressive strength,split tensile strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity),chemical(pH value,electrical conductivity and calcite content),and microstructural analyses before and after 2nd,4th,6th,8th and 10th freezing-thawing(F-T)cycles.Three curing methods with 7 d,14 d and 28 d curing periods are considered to reinforce the 5%,10%,15%and 20%PA-stabilized expansive soil with 0.25%,0.5%and 1%PP fiber.In order to develop predictive models for mechanical and durability parameters,the experimental data are processed utilizing artificial neural network(ANN),in association with the leave-one-out cross-validation(LOOCV)as a resampling method and three different activation functions.The mechanical and durability properties of the PA-stabilized expansive soil subgrades are increased with PP fiber reinforcement.The results of ANN modeling predict the mechanical properties perfectly,and the correlation coefficient(R)approaches up to 0.96.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.30871966)
文摘In order to improve the dimensional stability of wood-polymer composites, wood flour pre-treated by polyethylene glycol （PEG） at two different concentrations and then thermally treated at 140℃, was used as raw material to produce wood flour/poly- propylene （PP） composites at a wood content of 40%. The structure of modified wood flour was analyzed with a scanning electron microscope （SEM） and its effect on the physical and mechanical properties of wood flour/PP composites was evaluated. The SEM results indicated the ＂bulking＂ effect of PEG on wood flour, which resulted in reduced water uptake. The combination of PEG and heat treatment further improved the moisture resistance of the composites. However, PEG modification had a negative effect on the flexural modulus of rupture （MOR） and the modulus of elasticity （MOE）; whereas heat treatment partly compensated for this reduc- tion. For dynamic mechanical properties, PEG treatment decreased the storage modulus （E＇）. However, the heat treatment resulted in an increase orE＇ of the wood flour/PP composites, with the temperature of loss factor peaks shifting to a higher temperature.
基金Funded by the Foundation of Shanghai Science and Technology Committee (Nos.10521100602, 10DZ2211400)Foundation of Guangdong Province (No.2011A090200082)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, and Research Foundation for the Excellent Youth Scholars of Shanghai(No.SHU-10057)
文摘The grinding of ultra-fine talcum powder and its application in a polypropylene （PP） matrix were investigated. Ultra-fine talcum powder was prepared by adjusting the grinding parameters of the physical milling process. The talcum powder exhibited polymodal distribution. The layered morphology of talcum particles in a horizontal sand mill was rarely damaged or destroyed. PP-talcum nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending using a twin-screw extruder. Nano talcum can be seen as a single particle, although it is not very apparent. The bending strength of talcum-filled PP was gradually increased by approximately 28%. The impact strength linearly decreased as the filler weight ratio increased. The overall maximum improvement in mechanical properties was recorded when the filler ratios increased from 15 wt% to 20 wt%.
文摘Biaxial-oriented polypropylene (BOPP) thin films are currently used as dielectrics in state-of-the-art capacitors that show many advantages, such as low energy loss and high breakdown strength, but a limited energy density ( 600 MV/m. The PP-OH dielectric demonstrates a linear reversible charge storage behavior with high releasing energy density > 7 J/cm3 (2 - 3 times of BOPP) after an applied electric field at E = 600 MV/m, without showing any significant increase of energy loss and remnant polarization at zero electric field. On the other hand, a cross-linked polypropylene (x-PP) exhibits an ε ~ 3, which is independent of a wide range of temperatures and frequencies, slim polarization loops, high breakdown strength (E = 650 MV/m), narrow breakdown distribution, and reliable energy storage capacity > 5 J/cm3 (double that of state-of-the-art BOPP capacitors), without showing any increase in energy loss.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30871966)
文摘Viscoelastic properties of maleated polypropylene （MAPP）-modified wood flour/polypropylene composites （WPC） were investigated by both a compression stress relaxation method and dynamic mechanical analyses （DMA）. Three wood to polymer ratios （40：60, 60：40, and 80：20） and five MAPP loading levels （0, 1, 2, 4 and 8%） were used to study their effects on the viscoelastic prop- erties of MAPP-WPC. The results show that： 1） higher wood to polymer ratio corresponds to higher stress relaxation levels for unmodified WPC. The modification with MAPP has an obvious effect on the stress relaxation of MAPP-WPC at higher wood to polymer ratios （60：40 and 80：20）, but almost no effect at the 40：60 wood to polymer ratio. The optimal MAPP loading level for the wood to polymer ratio of 60：40 appears at 1%; 2） the storage modulus reaches its maximum at a MAPP loading level of 1% for wood to polymer ratios of 40：60 and 60：40, while for the 80：20 wood to polymer ratio, a higher storage modulus is observed at higher MAPP loading levels, which is quite consistent with the stress relaxation results. The results suggested that a suitable loading level of MAPP has a positive effect on the viscoelastic properties of WPC at higher wood to polymer ratios. Excessive MAPP loading would have resulted in adverse effects.
基金Funded by the Development Strategy Project of Hubei(20120014)
文摘The products of expanded polypropylene（EPP） is widely explored and used. the PP modification methods, the preparation methods of EPP and the molding technology of EPP were reviewed. The application of EPP in the field of sporting equipment were also discussed. This paper may provide theoretical foundation for the applications and developments of EPP.
