Design Strategy of Highway Speed Transition Section

In this paper,combined with the relevant speed theory and characteristics of the law,the current highway speed transition design problems are studied and analyzed.In the process of specific analysis,mainly combined with the characteristics of different types of highway speed changes and road section design requirements,this paper studies and analyzes the design methods of different types of highway speed transition section.And on this basis,according to the design principles and requirements of highway operation speed transition section,the paper summarizes the matters needing attention in the design of highway operation speed transition section,in order to provide certain reference value for relevant personnel.

BLADE SECTION DESIGN OF MARINE PROPELLERS WITH MAXIMUM CAVITATION INCEPTION SPEED

Kuiper and Jessup（1993）developed a design method for propellers in a wake based on the Eppler foil design method.The optimized section is transformed into the three-dimensional propeller flow using the approach of the effective blade sections.Effective blade sections are two-dimensional sections in two-dimensional flow which have the same chordwise loading distribution as the three-dimensional blade sections of a propeller.However,the design procedure is laborious in two aspects：finding an optimum blade section using the Eppler program requires much skill of the designer,and transforming the two-dimensional blade section into a propeller blade section in three-dimensional flow is complex.In this work,these two problems were coped with.A blade section design procedure was presented using an optimization technique and an alternative procedure for the effective blade section is developed using a lifting surface design method.To validate the method a benchmark model of a naval ship was used.This benchmark model was extended by new appendices and a reference propeller,and designed using conventional design methods.This reference propeller was optimized using the new design procedure and model tests were carried out.Special attention was given to the data of the model and the reference propeller,to make the configuration suitable for the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes（RANS）calculations.

CONTOUR DESIGN AND PRACTICE FOR A LOW RADAR CROSS SECTION VEHICLE

On the basis of the canard configuration a contour stealth design including chiefly the wing, the fuselage and their connection type is projected. The prime project of a blended wing body vehicle with canard is provided and through the change of the fuselage head form and the different fin disposals, the radar cross section (RCS) is optimized. The average value of RCS and the value of RCS in the ± 45 ° front sector for different designs are illustrated. The model measurement proves that the project having a sharp head fuselage and 30 ° angle double fin has the minimum value of RCS. The wind tunnel test to the model with RCS optimized proved that the vehicle project has excellent aerodynamic characteristics such as high lift curve slope, up to 26° stalling angle, high lift / drag ratio equal to 8, and also has low RCS value in the front sector and in the lateral sector.

“keySection”建筑生成方法研究

详细介绍东南大学建筑学院建筑设计生成方法研究组的"keySection"研究过程及其成果。该生成工具以建筑庭院采光设计为出发点,运用简易进化算法及程序编写探索了建筑设计生成技巧的新方法。

Ship Appearance Optimal Design on RCS Reduction Using Response Surface Method and Genetic Algorithms

Radar cross section (RCS) reduction technologies are very important in survivability of the military naval vessels. Ship appearance shaping as an effective countermeasure of RCS reduction redirects the scattered energy from one angular region of interest in space to another region of little interest. To decrease the scattering electromagnetic signals from ship scientifically, optimization methods should be introduced in shaping design. Based on the assumption of the characteristic section design method, mathematical formulations for optimal shaping design were established. Because of the computation-intensive analysis and singularity in shaping optimization, the response surface method (RSM) combined genetic algorithm (GA) was proposed. The poly-nomial response surface method was adopted in model approximation. Then genetic algorithms were employed to solve the surrogate optimization problem. By comparison RCS of the conventional and the optimal design, the superiority and effectiveness of proposed design methodology were verified.

LOW RCS MODIFIED DESIGN OF EXTERNAL CARRIAGE AND ANALYSIS OF ITS SCATTERING CHARACTERISTIC

An external carriage and a wing have a high radar cross section (RCS) level in a wide range of angles of pitch because they form an efficient corner reflector. Coupling scattering between the external carriage and the wing is controlled by designing a saw tooth structure of the external carriage on condition that the wing structure is not changed. A low RCS saw tooth scheme of the external carriage is given in the paper. The ray tracing method and the physical theory of diffraction are used to calculate the radar scattering characteristics of low RCS structures of the external carriage and wing. The results show that the saw tooth scheme of the external carriage is feasible and effective for low RCS design.

Optimization of Energy Density in Girders under Pure Bending with an Extruded Monolithic Cross-Section

This article proposes use of extruded compound materials with optimized resistant cross-sections as an alternative, in this case, seeking the maximum energy density as a design criterion. The advantage of this proposal is that it extends the life cycle and decreases fatigue issues.

大型耙吸挖泥船结构设计要点

为实现大型耙吸挖泥船结构设计安全、合理、可靠,以某大型耙吸挖泥船为例,分析大型耙吸挖泥船结构设计特点,从结构设计、强度评估、疲劳评估和振动评估等角度论证其设计要点,通过对泥舱结构设计分析,给出泥舱设计的关键节点,对关键节点进行强度分析和疲劳分析,结果表明,该船局部关键区域应力水平较高,低周疲劳在关键区域的疲劳中占据主要地位,建立三维有限元模型计算挖泥船固有频率,对比该大型耙吸挖泥船激励频率与固有频率,结果表明,船体总振动固有频率通常可以避开激励频率,生活楼固有频率与激励频率较为接近。

Psychotic due to bath salts and methamphetamines:emergency cesarean section under general anesthesia

The use of ＂bath salts＂ or other new psychoactive substances,otherwise known as ＂legal highs＂,is increasing.Illicit drug use during pregnancy is not uncommon.Nevertheless,literature reporting bath salts and their effect on pregnancy is scant.Besides,there seems to be no literature about bath salts and conduct of general anesthesia.This case report describes a general anesthetic for the surgical delivery of an infant to a woman under the acute influence of bath salts and methamphetamines.

简支钢箱梁截面设计主要影响因素分析

该文采用迈达斯civil软件建立了相同截面面积下不同梁高、底板宽、顶板厚、底板厚和腹板厚的简支钢箱梁计算模型,对比分析强度和刚度值,确定简支钢箱梁截面设计的主要影响因素。

复杂受荷下盾构隧道原型结构试验平台的研发与实证

盾构隧道结构在全寿命周期中往往将面临诸多复杂荷载状态,如注浆、偏载、偏转等非对称偏不利工况。为验证结构在这些复杂荷载状态下的适用性,探究结构力学性能,开展足尺原型结构试验研究往往是最为直接而有效的手段。既有原型试验主要关注隧道结构在简单对称荷载条件下的力学性能,鲜有关注复杂非对称荷载状态。为拓展原型试验的适用范围,提出了适用于不同断面盾构隧道结构的原型试验平台和用于模拟复杂荷载状态的试验荷载设计方法。该方法适用于任意加载点布置和液压站分组的试验系统,可对注浆、偏载、偏转等复杂荷载状态下结构响应进行精确模拟。通过类矩形盾构隧道、双圆隧道和圆形隧道的偏载原型结构试验研究,验证了试验平台和试验荷载设计方法的适用性。进一步针对试验关键参数的分析表明,控制目标权重系数的调整能有效满足不同的试验模拟要求;基于试验荷载设计方法优化的迭代算法能有效考虑计算模型或边界支承条件的非线性;环箍钢绞线和千斤顶的组合加载模式能将拟合误差水平降低至千斤顶加载模式的1/5,但需要删去部分加载点使试验荷载合理且适用;对于越复杂的结构和荷载,精确模拟结构状态需要的试验系统独立荷载组数越高,对试验平台的要求也越高。

基于区段的地下空间环路通风排烟设计方法

为实现多匝道、多地块、内部空间复杂的地下空间环路烟气控制,提出一种区段式排烟方法:将地下空间环路与地块通过防火门分隔,形成独立的构筑物,结合隧道结构,确定风机房位置,划分区段,使烟气在一定区域内排出。以滨江地下环路为例,在隧道主线上均匀布置6个排烟风机房,并以此为节点,将隧道划分为8个区段。当火灾发生时,开启所在区段两端的风机进行排烟。由于各区段不设置固定分隔,整个风道是贯通的,因而各个风机房里的风机可互相作为备用排烟风机,以降低成本。采用数值模拟软件建立模型,对排烟口开启数量和间距进行模拟,确定排烟量为90 m^(3)/s、排烟口间距为30 m、开启8个排烟口的排烟方案。从人员疏散环境以及排烟效率对典型区段进行分析,结果表明:烟气控制在一定的范围内,人员疏散环境安全,排烟效率达到90%,证明方案合理可行。

思政元素融入混凝土结构课程的教学设计--以单筋矩形截面梁承载力设计为例

土木工程专业的课程思政设计是实现专业课程与思政课同步前行的重要举措,也是培养社会主义合格建设者和可靠接班人的重要途径。混凝土结构系列课程在土木工程专业课程体系中占据重要的地位,因此,在对课程教学背景和学情分析的基础上,以单筋矩形截面梁承载力设计知识单元为例,基于OBE理念,将思政元素融入教学设计,从课程目标、课程内容、教学过程设计、教学方法设计及教学实施方面,探讨如何合理、科学地将思政元素引入课程教学设计的各个环节,不仅解决专业教育和思政教育“两张皮”问题,且对学生的自主学习能力和学习热情起到积极的促进作用,另外对其他专业课具有引领和示范作用。

冷弯薄壁型钢四肢箱形拼合截面柱受压承载能力设计方法

冷弯薄壁型钢四肢箱型拼合截面柱是一种常见拼合柱,主要用于多层冷弯薄壁型钢结构建筑承受集中荷载。对其极限承载力,已有大量试验研究,但仍缺少可靠的设计方法,不便于工程应用。该文基于已有的试验研究成果,建立了相应的数值分析模型,并对模型进行验证。在验证后的数值模型上进行参数分析,分析了具有不同尺寸和构造的冷弯薄壁型钢四肢箱型拼合截面柱承载能力。基于数值法和能量法分别计算拼合截面柱的局部屈曲和整体屈曲弹性临界荷载,并将该临界荷载与美国规范中的直接强度法相结合,提出其极限承载力计算方法。研究结果表明,该文提出的修正方法相较于美国规范中的计算公式精度更高,也偏于安全。

基于火箭简化模型的多状态模型修正研究

火箭发射过程中燃料的不断减少导致火箭结构不断变化,结构的固有频率和模态振型也会随之变化。针对有限元模型的不准确性,以截面惯性矩为修正参数,不同状态下数值仿真结果与试验测试结果的误差最小为目标函数,建立多状态模型修正的优化模型。通过灵敏度分析和一阶泰勒展开对目标函数进行显式化处理,并利用序列线性规划求解得到设计变量的最优解。同时对于多状态结构,以多截面简支梁模型为例,利用锤击法对简支梁进行试验,设计磁吸重物方案模拟多状态模型,以单截面简支梁试验的前4阶频率为目标函数建立优化模型,经过修正将多截面简支梁模型修正为单截面简支梁模型,并且符合截面惯性矩与面积的比例,验证了多状态模型修正方法的准确性。

空基回收拖曳系统直线-盘旋转接段运动轨迹设计

针对气流扰动下空基回收拖曳系统在直线-盘旋转接段飞行过程中的拖曳浮标稳定问题,提出一种基于微分平坦理论的拖曳系统转接段运动轨迹的设计方法,通过设计母机运动轨迹间接地控制拖曳浮标沿着预设的转接轨迹安全、平稳、精准地转接飞行。采用质点-弹簧离散缆绳模型构建母机-缆绳-浮标组合体多体动力学模型;在证明拖曳系统具备微分平坦特性的基础上,以拖曳浮标三轴位置为平坦输出,所提方法以期浮标沿着预设安全转接段轨迹飞行;结合拖曳浮标直线飞行状态与盘旋飞行状态设计拖曳浮标转接段飞行轨迹。通过平静大气、多种常值风及阵风气流扰动场景下的仿真算例结果表明,所提方法能够实现拖曳浮标在直线-盘旋转接段的稳定飞行。

不锈钢复合钢H形截面钢梁受剪承载性能

基于复合钢本构模型,明确了复合比β对不锈钢复合钢应力-应变性能的影响。通过试验结果的承载曲线和破坏模式验证了数值模拟方法的准确性,进而以β、腹板宽高比a/hw和腹板高厚比hw/tw为变量开展300个数值模型的参数分析,系统分析了各变量对不锈钢复合钢H形截面钢梁受剪承载曲线和极限承载力的影响。研究结果表明:随着β的增加,不锈钢复合钢应力-应变曲线中的屈服平台逐渐消失,复合钢应力-应变性能逐渐由碳钢转变为不锈钢。当β较小时,不锈钢复合钢应力-应变曲线存在明显的屈服平台,这削弱了复合钢的应变强化对H形截面钢梁受剪承载性能的有利影响。随着β的增加,不锈钢复合钢的非线性应变强化性能逐渐增强,导致H形截面钢梁的延性性能逐渐提高,强度性能逐渐降低。经过验证,既有的欧洲规范设计公式对不锈钢复合钢H形截面钢梁受剪极限承载力的预测过于保守。基于参数分析结果,建立了考虑β影响的腹板贡献系数计算方法。研究结论有助于推广不锈钢复合钢的工程应用。

基于视觉检测的智能桥梁检查车设计与分析

针对公路变截面梁的特点,提出了一种基于视觉检测的智能检查车。该智能检查车由车体平台和视觉检测平台组成,既能无人智能快速检测,又能人工定点维修,有效地提高了桥梁养护效率及检查工作的安全性。介绍了车体平台的具体结构设计和视觉检测平台的具体组成,并对智能检测和人工检查做了对比试验分析,结果表明智能检测比人工检查具有更好的病害检测完整性和更高的检测效率。

王家会集运站段三川河河道洪水分析计算

根据王家会集运站与三川河的位置关系,基于后大成水文站洪峰流量的计算成果,利用水文比拟法推算王家会集运站站址处设计断面洪水,采用两种方法考虑水库对设计断面洪水的影响,最终分析确定集运站站址处设计洪峰流量。

U型渠道移动式流线型量水槽扩散段水力特性及结构优化方法

移动式量水槽较固定式具有不易淤积、可移动多处重复使用等优点,流线型外形的量水槽水力性能好,量水槽的扩散段对水力性能影响大,然而当前还缺乏扩散段的设计原理与方法方面的研究。为了研究量水槽结构型式对水力特性的影响,为流线型量水槽结构设计提供理论指导,该研究建立D40U型渠道模拟模型,其后用FLOW-3D对35、45和55 L/s流量下的半椭圆+半椭圆、半椭圆+抛物线、半椭圆+圆弧、半椭圆+Myring曲线和鱼形量水槽进行模拟,结合原型试验验证数值模拟效果,探讨扩散段设计原则与方法。最后基于isight平台对水力性能较好的半椭圆+Myring曲线和鱼形量水槽进行结构优化。结果表明,45 L/s流量下不同进水口距离下水深数值模拟与试验值相对误差为0.1%~1.3%,上游、喉口和下游断面流速相对误差分别为0.19%~6.63%、0.06%~6.15%和0.02%~6.22%,模拟结果精度高。5种量水槽上游佛汝德数均小于0.5,最大壅水高度为5.71 cm,均满足测流精度和渠道安全要求。其中,半椭圆+Myring曲线量水槽水头损失和壅水高度最低,半椭圆+半椭圆量水槽临界淹没度最高,佛汝德数最小。量水槽扩散段设计原则为:在略微减少临界淹没度的条件下,扩散段前半段设计为曲率较大的曲线,以降低上游壅水高度;后半段设计为曲率相反且曲率较小的曲线,以改善过流流态,平顺水流,降低水头损失。优化后的半椭圆+Myring曲线和鱼形前半段曲率增大,后半段曲率减小,壅水高度和佛汝德数均有所降低,水头损失分别降低5.5%和6.3%,优化后曲线线型满足扩散段设计原则。研究可为流线型量水槽结构设计与优化提供理论指导。