Dietary supplementation of benzoic acid and essential oils combination enhances intestinal resilience against LPS stimulation in weaned piglets

Background The benefits of combining benzoic acid and essential oils(BAO)to mitigate intestinal impairment during the weaning process have been well established,while the detailed underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated.Previous research has primarily focused on the reparative effects of BAO on intestinal injury,while neglecting its potential in enhancing intestinal stress resistance.Methods In this study,we investigated the pre-protective effect of BAO against LPS-induced stress using a modified experimental procedure.Piglets were pre-supplemented with BAO for 14 d,followed by a challenge with LPS or saline to collect blood and intestinal samples.Results Our findings demonstrated that BAO supplementation led to significant improvements in piglets’final weight,average daily gain,and feed intake/body gain ratio.Additionally,BAO supplementation positively influenced the composition of intestinal microbiota,increasing beneficial Actinobacteriota and Alloprevotella while reducing harmful Desulfobacterota,Prevotella and Oscillospira.Furthermore,BAO supplementation effectively mitigated oxidative disturbances and inflammatory responses induced by acute LPS challenge.This was evidenced by elevated levels of T-AOC,SOD,and GSH,as well as decreased levels of MDA,TNF-α,and IL-6 in the plasma.Moreover,piglets subjected to LPS challenge and pre-supplemented with BAO exhibited significant improvements in intestinal morphological structure and enhanced integrity,as indicated by restored expression levels of Occludin and Claudin-1 compared to the non-supplemented counterparts.Further analysis revealed that BAO supplementation enhanced the jejunal antioxidative capacity by increasing GSH-Px levels and decreasing MDA levels under the LPS challenge and stimulated the activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway.Additionally,the reduction of TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways activation and proinflammatory factor were also observed in the jejunal of those piglets fed with BAO.Conclusions In summary,our study demonstrates that pre-supplementation of BAO enhances the anti-stress capacity of weaned piglets by improving intestinal microbiota composition,reinforcing the intestinal barrier,and enhancing antioxidative and anti-inflammatory capabilities.These effects are closely associated with the activation of Nrf2 and TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways.

A 3D-QSAR Study on C-3 Substituted 4,6-Dichloroindole-2- Carboxylic Acids with Comparative Molecular Field Analysis

Aim and Method Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA), a threedimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) method was applied to a novelseries of C-3 substituted 4, 6-dichloioindole-2-carboxylic acids to study the relationship betweentheir structure and the affinity for the glycine site of the NMDA receptor. Result Hie coefficientsof cross-validation q^2 and non cross-validation r^2 for the model established by the study are0.744 and 0.993, respectively, the value of variance ratio F is 261.343, and standard error estimate(SE) is 0.039. Conclusion These values indicate that the CoMFA model may have a good prediction forthe activity of C-3 substituted 4, 6-dichloroin-dole-2-carboxylic acids. As a consequence, thepredicted activity values of new designed compounds supports our conclusion from the model.

A METHOD OF SYNTHESIS OF PHENYL-LACTIC ACID AND SUBSTITUTED PHENYL LACTIC ACIDS

A method for the conversion of α-acetamido-β-substituted phenyl acrylic acid (αtβSPAA)into substituted phenyl lactic acid(SPLA)is described and an improved Clemmensen reduction reagent is used.

Organophosphonotungstic HPA of Keggin Type with Sulfo,Taurine and Glycine Substituted Ethylphosphonic Acids as the Coordinate Center

The title compounds 2ac were synthesized and characterized for the first time. Their proton numbers are around 3.2±0.15 and are not in proportion with the valid acidity-basicity of the central phosphonic acids. The entirety of phosphonic acids 1a-c is as the coordinate center of heteropoly anions of 2ac.

Direct reduction of some benzoic acids to alcohols via NaBH_4-Br_2

Direct reduction of seven benzoic acids to alcohols via sodium borohydride-bromine （NaBH4-Br2） reagent was developed. The isolated yields for the seven acids to reduce reached 60.6-90.1%. This new synthesis route has the advantages of simple of application, low cost, mild nature, and satisfactory yields.

One-pot synthesis of 2-(1-acyloxypentyl)benzoic acids

A one-pot synthesis of 2-（1-acyloxypcntyl） benzoic acids by trapping the carboxylatc/alkoxide dianion with acylating reagents following Grignard addition with n-BuMgBr to 2-formylbcnzoic acid was described. Compared with routine synthetic method, this novel procedure has the advantage of convenient operation and higher yields.

Density Functional Study of the Cluster Model of SnO₂(110) Surface Modified by Benzoic Acids

The properties of the modified surface of SnO2(110) with benzoic acid (Y-C6H4-COOH: Y is para position relative to -COOH group) derivatives were investigated using density functional theory. Zehner et al. mentioned that the modification of surface dipole moment made it possible to tune the work function of the system. The experiment of Ganzorig et al. showed that there was a linear relationship between the dipole moment of the binding molecule and the work function change of the system using the modified surface of indium-tin oxide (ITO) with some benzoic acid derivatives. To elucidate the relation between the dipole moment of the molecule and the work function change, we investigated the modified surface of SnO2(110) using Sn7O14 cluster model which was embedded in the fixed point charges. On the modification of the surface, benzoic acid derivatives were bound to SnO2 surface. By changing the terminal group of benzoic acid with H, Cl, F, CF3 and CCl3, the work function changed and the dipole moment of the binding molecules of the modified SnO2(110) were evaluated. The results showed that there was a linear relationship between the dipole moment of the binding molecules and the work function changed. From this relation, the average value of the dipole moments of Sn-OOC linkage at the surface was also evaluated.

Chelation in Metal Intoxication XLIV: Efficacy of α-Mercapto β-(5-Substituted, 2-Furyl) Acrylic Acids in Mobilizing Intracellularly Bound Cadmium in Rat

The efficacy of α mercapto β (2_furyl) acrylic acid (MFA), α mercapto β (5_sodiumsulfonate, 2_furyl) acrylic acid (MSFA) and α mercapto β (5_acetoxymethyl, 2_furyl) acrylic acid (MAFA) to mobilize intracellularly bound cadmium in liver and kidney was investigated in rats pre_exposed to cadmium. MFA was effective in reducing cadmium levels of hepatic and renal supernatant cytosolic fraction (SCF) while MSFA and MAFA were effective in lowering cadmium levels of renal SCF and hepatic SCF respectively. All the chelating agents also enhanced the excretion of cadmium more in feces than in urine. However, substitution on the furan ring lowered cadmium mobilizing efficacy of the parent compound, MFA. The treatment with MFA did not affect the status of endogenous zinc and copper while the treatment with MSFA and MAFA enhanced their excretion. MSFA increased hepatic and renal zinc and renal copper while MAFA increased their copper levels.

Antifungal Activity and Toxicity of the 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic and 3,4,5-Tris(Acetyloxy)Benzoic Acids

Invasive fungal infections have been gaining notoriety due to several factors, mainly their increasing incidence in immunocompromised patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antifungal activity and toxicity of the 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (3,4,5-THB) and of its derivative, the 3,4,5-tris(acetyloxy)benzoic acid (3,4,5-TAB). The 3,4,5-THB was purchased and its derivative was obtained by purifying and characterizing performed using semisynthesis reactions (esterification), recrystallization, column chromatography and infrared analytical techniques and nuclear magnetic resonance. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum lethal concentration (MLC) were determined in order to evaluate the antifungal activity of the compounds against four clinical isolates and four standard strains of Candida sp. and five clinical isolates of dermatophytes, following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute protocols. The toxicity of the compounds was evaluated by determining the lethal dosis (LD50) using lethality assay of Artemia salina. The most sensitive yeasts to the 3,4,5-THB were C. albicans ATCC 10231 and C. krusei ATCC 6258, both presenting a MIC of 128 μg·mL-1. For Trichophyton sp. and Epidermophyton floccosum, the MIC was 32 μg·mL-1. The 3,4,5-TAB showed a lower inhibitory activity against Candida and dermatophyte species tested. The LD50 of 3,4,5-THB was 222.60 μg·mL-1 and the 3,4,5-TAB showed 481.69 μg·mL-1 of LD50. In conclusion, the 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid showed antifungal activity against species of medical importance, mainly dermatophytosis-causing fungi, and the 3,4,5-tris(acetyloxy)benzoic acid showed no increasing antifungal activity and toxicity in relation to the original compound.

Synthesis of (2S,4S)-2-Substituted-3- (3-Sulfanylpropanoyl)-6- Oxohexahydropyrimidine-4-Carboxylic Acids as Potential Antihypertensive Drugs

Proceeding from natural amino acid L-asparagine and commercially available aldehydes a stereoselective synthesis was developed of (2S,4S)-2-alkyl(aryl)-3-(3-sulfanylpropanoyl)-6-oxohexahy- dropyrimidine-4-carboxylic acids, potential antihypertensive drugs, inhibitors of the angiotensin converting enzyme.

由苯甲醇合成苯甲酸乙酯综合制备实验的课程思政设计

将苯甲酸合成与苯甲酸乙酯制备两个经典实验改造为综合实验,并以改进合成过程实现绿色、高效转化为案例,引导学生通过查阅文献,综合分析合成过程,指出原合成方法存在的问题和不足,提出改进的建议,在此过程中,引导学生将法律法规、实验规范、学科伦理、绿色理念、环保和可持续发展理念等融入实验的设计和实施全过程,使学生在受到基本操作训练的同时得到素质的全面提升。

磺化炭催化苯甲酸二甘醇酯化反应制备二甘醇二苯甲酸酯

从精对苯二甲酸(PTA)氧化残渣回收苯甲酸(BA)制备环保增塑剂二甘醇二苯甲酸酯(DEDB),用于替代邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的研究具有重要意义。本工作通过磺化将—SO3H基团负载到活性炭(AC)表面,成功制备了磺化炭(SAC)催化剂。并以BA和二甘醇(DEG)为原料,SAC为催化剂,考察了催化剂浓度、反应温度、酸醇物质的量比[n(BA):n(DEG)]、带水剂甲苯用量对直接酯化合成DEDB的影响。结果表明:原料n(BA):n(DEG)为2.2、催化剂与原料BA的质量比为2%、带水剂甲苯与原料BA的质量比为14%、反应温度为210℃为最佳反应工艺条件,此条件下BA的转化率为90.1%,DEDB的收率为82.6%。

植物精油与苯甲酸组合对淮北麻鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质以及肌肉风味组分、质构特性和抗氧化能力的影响

本试验旨在探究植物精油与苯甲酸组合对淮北麻鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质以及肌肉风味组分、质构特性和抗氧化能力的影响。试验选取1日龄的淮北麻鸡公鸡360只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复15只鸡。空白对照组(CON组)饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加300 mg/kg复合植物精油(EO组)、2000 mg/kg苯甲酸钠(BA组)、300 mg/kg复合植物精油+2000 mg/kg苯甲酸钠(EO+BA组)。试验期为90 d。结果表明:1)饲粮中添加植物精油显著降低了料重比(F/G)(P<0.05)。饲粮中添加苯甲酸显著提高了终末体重(FBW)和平均日增重(ADG),显著降低料重比F/G(P<0.05)。饲粮中添加植物精油和苯甲酸对FBW、ADG、平均日采食量(ADFI)和F/G均有显著交互作用(P<0.05)。2)饲粮中添加植物精油对屠宰性能无显著影响(P>0.05)。饲粮中添加苯甲酸显著提高了屠宰率、半净膛率和全净膛率(P<0.05)。饲粮中添加植物精油和苯甲酸对屠宰性能无显著交互作用(P>0.05)。3)饲粮中添加植物精油显著降低了腿肌pH(P<0.05)。饲粮中添加苯甲酸显著降低了胸肌pH(P<0.05)。饲粮中添加植物精油和苯甲酸对胸肌pH、滴水损失和剪切力有显著交互作用(P<0.05)。4)饲粮中添加植物精油对胸肌和腿肌质构特性无显著影响(P>0.05)。饲粮中添加苯甲酸显著提高了腿肌胶着性(P<0.05)。饲粮中添加植物精油和苯甲酸对胸肌硬度以及腿肌弹性、胶着性和咀嚼性有显著交互作用(P<0.05)。5)饲粮中添加植物精油提高了无机硫化物对胸肌和腿肌的第一主成分(PC1)贡献率,提高了有机硫化物对胸肌和腿肌的第二主成分(PC2)贡献率。饲粮中添加苯甲酸提高了无机硫化物对腿肌的PC1贡献率,提高了有机硫化物对胸肌和腿肌的PC2贡献率。饲粮中添加植物精油与苯甲酸提高了无机硫化物对腿肌的PC1贡献率,提高了短链烷烃对胸肌的PC2贡献率,且提高了有机硫化物对腿肌的PC2贡献率。6)饲粮中添加植物精油显著提高了胸肌过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、腿肌谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性(P<0.05)。饲粮中添加苯甲酸对胸肌和腿肌抗氧化指标无显著影响(P>0.05)。饲粮中添加植物精油和苯甲酸对胸肌和腿肌CAT活性有显著交互作用(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加植物精油与苯甲酸组合能够提高淮北麻鸡生长性能,改善肌肉风味组分,提高肌肉抗氧化能力。

聚乳酸改性糯玉米淀粉的制备及表征

以糯玉米淀粉为原料、异辛酸亚锡为催化剂,在丙交酯熔融体系中制备了聚乳酸改性糯玉米淀粉。建立了聚乳酸改性糯玉米淀粉取代度的^(1)HNMR测试方法,以取代度为响应值,反应时间、反应温度、丙交酯添加量为考察因素,通过单因素和响应面实验优化了聚乳酸改性糯玉米淀粉的合成工艺,得到最优工艺为:反应时间12.46 h,反应温度111.75℃,丙交酯添加量为淀粉质量的258%,预测最大取代度为0.0253,通过实际操作条件调整后实际取代度为0.0238。对最优条件下制备的聚乳酸改性淀粉进行了系列表征,证实聚乳酸改性糯玉米淀粉的颗粒结构没有被完全破坏,晶型、相对分子质量等性能优于溶剂法传统技术制备的聚乳酸改性糯玉米淀粉。

牛肉中苯甲酸含量分析

采用液相色谱法对1660个牛肉样本中的苯甲酸含量进行测定,结果显示,含量小于定量限(10 mg/kg)的样本占94.7%,其他5.3%样本中苯甲酸含量大于20 mg/kg。为进一步确定牛肉中苯甲酸含量,采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法对从屠宰场和批发市场采集的390个牛肉样本中的苯甲酸及其代谢物马尿酸含量进行测定,其中50个确定来源的牛肉样本中苯甲酸含量小于0.20 mg/kg。应用统计学分析手段获取牛肉中苯甲酸及马尿酸含量分布结果,结果表明:收集的340个牛肉中苯甲酸检出率为62.4%(大于12.5μg/kg),含量范围为未检出至131.41 mg/kg,平均值2.75 mg/kg,中位数0.10 mg/kg;其代谢物马尿酸检出率为100.0%,含量范围5.66×10^(-3)~1.15 mg/kg,平均值0.15 mg/kg,中位数0.10 mg/kg。此外,结合文献报道及苯甲酸含量数据对牛肉中苯甲酸进行风险分析,发现非法“注水”行为是导致牛肉中苯甲酸残留量较高的重要风险来源之一。

猪小肠内容物中苯甲酸和马尿酸高效液相色谱检测方法的建立

试验为建立猪小肠内容物中苯甲酸及其代谢物马尿酸的高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定方法,采用乙酸乙酯为提取剂,亚铁氰化钾-乙酸锌为蛋白沉淀剂,提取样品中的苯甲酸,流动相为甲醇∶0.02%磷酸水;水、亚铁氰化钾-乙酸锌共同提取样品中的马尿酸,流动相为甲醇∶20 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液,紫外检测波长230 nm。结果显示:在猪小肠内容物中苯甲酸添加浓度为0.10~10.00μg/g内线性关系良好(R^(2)=0.9994);检测限为0.05μg/g,定量限为0.10μg/g;添加浓度在0.10、0.50、1.00、5.00、10.00μg/g时,回收率为(101.62±4.49)%,批内和批间变异系数分别低于4.80%和9.96%。猪小肠内容物中马尿酸添加浓度在0.30~10.00μg/g内线性关系良好(R^(2)=1.0000);检测限和定量限分别为0.10μg/g和0.30μg/g;马尿酸添加浓度在0.50、1.00、5.00、20.00μg/g时,回收率为(90.3±4.00)%,批内和批间变异系数分别低于5.93%和5.26%。研究表明,此方法苯甲酸及马尿酸预处理方法简单省时,无须固相萃取及使用有毒有害溶剂,节约成本,为猪小肠内容物中苯甲酸及马尿酸的检测提供参考。

Chemiluminescence Determination of Benzoic Acid Using A Solid-Phase Verdigris Reactor

A new chemiluminescence flow system has been developed for sequential determina-tion of benzoic acid based on the reaction of the compound with copper carbonate entrapped in a solid-phase reactor. It was found that the unsaturated complex of Cu(II) and benzoic acid (1:1) has strong catalytic effect on the luminol-H2O2 chemiluminescence reaction. The calibration graph is linear over the range of 0.025 ~ 60 g/mL of benzoic acid, with a relative standard deviation of less than 3.0 %, and the detection limit is 0.01礸穖L-1. The proposed method was applied to the determination of benzoic acid content in different pharmaceutical formulations.

乳酸菌在动物生产中的应用研究进展

乳酸菌制剂作为纯天然饲料添加剂,因其具有促进动物生长、改善肠道菌群结构、提高免疫机能等功效且具有无毒、无害、低耐药性等特点,被广泛应用于畜牧业。该综述旨在突出乳酸菌作为猪、家禽、反刍动物和水产动物养殖中抗生素替代品的潜在价值,以期为乳酸菌在动物生产养殖中的应用提供一定参考依据。

HPLC-DAD法测定康复新液中10种抑菌剂含量

目的:建立同时测定康复新液中10种抑菌剂的高效液相色谱分析方法。方法:采用Thermo Acclaim TM 120(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相为0.1%冰醋酸-0.02 mol·L^(-1)乙酸铵溶液和甲醇,梯度洗脱,流速为1 mL·min^(-1),扫描波长为200~700 nm。结果:在相应的浓度范围内,10种抑菌剂质量浓度与峰面积的线性关系良好,r≥0.9998;精密度试验良好,RSD在0.33%~0.38%;重复性试验与稳定性试验的RSD<0.5%,加标回收范围为97.4%~101.1%,RSD在0.4%~1.8%之间。按拟定方法测试样品苯甲酸含量在0.15%~0.34%范围,山梨酸含量在0~0.48%范围,羟苯乙酯含量在0~0.02%范围、羟苯丙酯含量再0~0.02%范围。结论:该方法灵敏快速、专属性强、准确度高,可用于康复新液中抑菌剂的含量测定。

Fe取代的Pt/H-ZSM-12催化剂的合成及其正十二烷加氢异构化性能研究

在长链烷烃的加氢异构反应中,H-ZSM-12分子筛独特的孔道结构有利于多支链异构体的生成,但其较强的酸性加剧了裂解副反应的发生。以Fe同晶取代分子筛骨架中的Al,可以有效降低分子筛的酸强度。为了提高异构产物的选择性,采用水热法合成了Fe取代度(以n(Fe):n(Al+Fe)计)分别为0%、50%和100%的Z12-Al、Z12-Al-Fe和Z12-Fe分子筛。紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)表征结果表明,Z12-Al-Fe和Z12-Fe中引入的Fe绝大多数以[FeO_(4)]的结构存在于分子筛骨架中。红外吸收光谱(FT-IR)和X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)表征结果表明,H-Z12-Al-Fe和H-Z12-Fe骨架中的Fe与Si—OH结合形成了Si—OH—Fe键。氨气程序升温脱附(NH_(3)-TPD)和吡啶红外(Py-IR)表征结果表明,随着分子筛中Fe含量的增加,其强酸位的酸强度逐渐降低,总Bronsted酸的数量明显减少。在分子筛载体上负载足量的金属Pt后,以正十二烷(n-C_(12))为模型化合物评价了双功能催化剂的加氢异构性能(反应压力为2.0 MPa,n(H_(2)):n(n-C_(12))为6.0)。结果表明,Pt/H-Z12-Fe上Bronsted酸强度的降低和酸性位数量的减少使其催化活性低于Pt/H-Z12-Al,但弱Bronsted酸性对裂解反应的抑制使其在90%左右的n-C_(12)转化率下获得了最高的总异构选择性(85.7%)和多支链异构体选择性(53.8%),比Pt/H-Z12-Al分别高出18.6%和9.7%。此外,Pt/H-Z12-Fe在120 h的连续反应中表现出了优异的稳定性。