High gain and circularly polarized substrate integrated waveguide cavity antenna array based on metasurface

Two substrate integrated waveguide(SIW) cavity antenna arrays based on metasurface are proposed in this paper. By rotating the metasurface element, circularly polarized and high gain antennas are achieved respectively. Firstly, multi-mode resonance theory is employed to broaden the bandwidth of the slot antenna. And then, an SIW cavity composed of 4×4 cornercut elements is added on the top of the slot antenna to achieve the circular polarization and improve the front-to-back ratio. Thirdly, the metasurface elements are sequentially rotated and a high gain antenna with 2-dBi enhancement on average in the operation band is obtained. Based on the two antenna units, two 2×2 antenna arrays are designed. The circularly polarized and high gain antenna arrays are both fabricated to verify the correctness. Furthermore, the novel wideband phase shifter is employed in the circularly polarized antenna to obtain an operating bandwidth of 38%(4.05 GHz–5.95 GHz)and AR bandwidth of 24.9%(4.4 GHz–5.65 GHz). The bandwidth of the high gain antenna can reach 42.7%(3.95 GHz–6.1 GHz) and with the gain enhancement of 2 dBi compared with that of the circularly polarized antenna. The gain remains steady in most of operating band within a variation of 1 dBi. It is remarkable that the rotating of the metasurface element has a great influence on the antenna performance, which provides a new explication for the multi-function antenna design.

A Substrate Integrated Waveguide Based Filtenna for X and Ku Band Application

In this paper Substrate Integrated Waveguide-basedfiltenna operating at Ku band is proposed.The model is designed on a low loss dielectric substrate having a thickness of 0.508 mm and comprises of shorting vias along two edges of the substrate walls.To realize a bandpassfilter,secondary shorting vias are placed close to primary shorting vias.The dimension and position of the vias are carefully analyzed for Ku band frequencies.The model is fabricated on Roger RT/duroid 5880 and the performance characteristics are measured.The proposed model achieves significant impedance characteristics with wider bandwidth in the Ku band.The model also achieves a maximum gain of 7.46 dBi in the operating band thus making it suitable for Ku-band applications.Substrate Integrated Waveguide(SIW)Structures possess most of the advantages over conventional radiofrequency waveguides since they have high power management capacity with self-consistent electrical shielding.The most noteworthy advantage of SIW,it can able to integrate all the components on the same substrate,both passive and active components.

Frequency-selective microwave polarization rotator using substrate-integrated waveguide cavities

A frequency selective polarization rotator that can rotate the polarization angle of an incident electromagnetic wave at the microwave frequency by 45 is presented. The polarization rotator is based on a two-dimensional periodic array of substrate integrated waveguide cavities, realizing the polarization rotation by coupling the input signal to the output wave through three metallic slots. Two layers of frequency selective surfaces are cascaded by substrate and form the polarization rotator. A vertical slot on the top layer is used to select the horizontal polarization from the incident wave, the vertical and the horizontal slots on the bottom layer are, respectively, used to obtain horizontally and vertically polarized outgoing waves. The two orthogonal outgoing waves are combined to result in the 45~ polarized wave. Both full wave simulation and experimental measurement are carried out, together validating the proposed method.

Substrate Integrated Waveguide Based Monopulse Slot Antenna Arrays for 60 GHz Applications

Monopulse slot antenna arrays based on substrate integrated waveguide （SIW） are proposed for the application of 60 GHz mono- pulse tracking systems in this paper. The sum-difference monopulse comparator can provide a high amplitude and phase balance over wide frequency band and no phase delay technique is required for the difference channel. Resonant slot antennas are adopted as the radiating elements since they can be integrated with the sum-difference monopulse comparator in a single layer with a compact size. Two monopulse arrays with 2× 4 and 4×4 slot elements are designed, fabricated, and measured. Measured results show that the proposed antenna arrays have wide bandwidth covering the unlicensed 60-GHz band. The peak sum beam gain is 13.85 dBi for the 2 ×4 element array and 16.24 dBi for the 4×4 element array. The peak difference beam gain is 11.20 dBi for the 2×4 element array and 12.11 dBi for the 4×4 element array and the maximum null depth can reach -40 dB.

Millimeter wave dielectric loaded exponentially tapered slot antenna array using substrate integrated waveguide for gigabit wireless communications

A new and upcoming application is the use of 60 GHz antennas for high date rate point-to-point connections to serve Gigabit(Gi-Fi)w ireless communications.The design of M illimeter w ave(M m W)antennas has to cope w ith the unadorned influences of manufacturing tolerances and losses at 60 GHz.In this paper,the concept of Substrate Integrated Waveguide(SIW)and Exponentially Tapered Slot(ETS)antenna w ere used together to design a high gain,efficient planar dielectric loaded antenna for M m W Gi-Fi w ireless communications at 60 GHz.The SIW is used to feed the antenna and a dielectric is utilized in front of the antenna to increase the gain.The dielectric loaded ETS antenna and compact SIW feed w ere fabricated on a single substrate,resulting in low cost and easy fabrication.The antenna w ith elliptical shaped dielectric loaded w as fabricated using printed circuit board process.The measured gain of the single element antenna is 10.2 dB,w hile the radiation efficiency of 96.84%is obtained at 60 GHz.The Y-junction SIW pow er divider is used to form a 1×4 array structure.M easured gain of the 1×4 array antenna is 13.3 dB,w hile the measured radiation pattern and gain are almost constant w ithin the w ide bandw idth of the antenna.

A multi-frequency circularly polarized metasurface antenna array based on quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide for sub-6 applications

A miniaturized multi-frequency circularly polarized array is designed in this paper.The antenna array is composed of three independent sub-arrays employing modified quarter-mode substrate ntegrated aveguide(QMSIW)to achieve three circularly polarized frequency bands.By introducing strip-slot,the impedance bandwidth of the antenna array is broadened while the dimension is decreased by 75%to realize miniaturization.Meanwhile,metasurface causes the impedance bandwidth of the sub-array to be further enhanced.Moreover,the metal vias are employed in the antenna array design to further achieve miniaturization.The antenna array is manufactured and measured to verify the design.Both the measured and simulated results display that the array achieves the impedance bandwidths of 10%,11.7%,and 14.8%and axial ratio bandwidths of 8.8%,8.0%,and 8.5%at 2.5,3.5,and 4.8 GHz,respectively.The gain is stable in the operating band within an uncertainty of 0.7 d Bi.The whole dimension is 0.92λ×0.63λ×0.04λ,whereλ_(0) is the wavelength at the lowest resonant frequency.Furthermore,the simple structure and miniaturization provides great convenience in sub-6 applications.

Design of Dual-Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide Band-Pass Filters

Three dual-mode band-pass filters are presented in the present paper. The first filter is realized by dual-mode substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity;the second is based on the integration of SIW cavity with electromagnetic band gap (EBG);and the third is based on the integration of SIW cavity with complementary split ring resonator (CSRR). The dual-mode SIW cavity is designed to have a fractional bandwidth of 4.95% at the midband frequency of 9.08 GHz;the proposed EBG-SIW resonator operates at 9.12 GHz with a bandwidth of 4.38% and the CSRR-SIW resonator operates at 8.66 GHz with a bandwidth of 2.54%. The proposed filters have the high Q-factors and generate a transmission zero in upper stopband, and these by the use of Rogers RT/duriod 5880 (tm).

Metamaterial beam scanning leaky-wave antenna based on quarter mode substrate integrated waveguide structure

In this paper, we first propose a metamaterial structure by etching the same two interdigital fingers on the upper ground of quarter mode substrate integrated waveguide（QMSIW）. The simulated results show that the proposed QMSIWbased metamaterial has a continuous phase constant changing from negative to positive values within its passband. A periodic leaky-wave antenna（LWA）, which consists of 11 QMSIW-based metamaterial unit cells, is designed, fabricated,and measured. The measured results show that the fabricated antenna achieves a continuous beam scanning property from backward-43° to forward ＋32° over an operating frequencyrange of 8.9 GHz–11.8 GHz with return loss better than 10 d B.The measured antenna gain keeps consistent with the variation of less than 2 d B over the operating frequency range with a maximum gain of 12 d B. Besides, the measured and simulated results are in good agreement with each other, indicating the significance and effectiveness of this method.

基于HMSIW的小型化三模带通滤波器设计

传统的多模谐振器引入多个谐振器,并利用其中两个甚至多个谐振模式来组合构建滤波器通带,但由于其谐振器个数较多而在射频系统中占用了较大的空间。为此,本文提出了基于半圆形半模基片集成波导(HMSIW)的三模带通滤波器,通过引入金属化过孔来扰动半圆形HMSIW谐振腔的谐振模式的电场分布,使得对应的谐振模式的频率也会随之发生偏移,进而使原本谐振频率相差较大的三个谐振模式的频率逐渐靠近,最终组合形成滤波器的通带。该设计无需引入额外的谐振器,能够实现滤波器尺寸减半甚至成倍减少,从而达成小型化的目的。

基于电磁混合耦合的SIW宽阻带带通滤波器设计

为实现阻带一段范围内依然具有良好的抑制能力,提出了电磁混合耦合的基片集成波导(Substrate Integrated Waveguide,SIW)宽阻带带通滤波器(Bandpass Filter,BPF)。根据模式的本征抑制和电磁混合耦合理论,合理地设置外部馈电端口、内部耦合窗口及内部耦合圆孔阵列,抑制了频率低于TE_(105)和TE_(501)之前的所有高次模,并且使得工作模式TE101电耦合很好地传输。仿真与实测结果均显示,该滤波器的中心频率f_(0)=5.94 GHz,插入损耗为−3.46 dB,相对带宽为2.44%,当阻带宽度延伸至3.85 f0时,抑制深度优于20 dB。与经典的四阶SIW宽阻带带通滤波器相比,拥有相同的带宽时,该双层层叠的方式更加紧凑,有利于集成到微波电路系统中。

一种基于SIW技术的滤波天线设计方法

文中基于基片集成波导(SIW)技术提出了一种滤波天线设计方法。首先根据传统耦合矩阵综合法设计出SIW滤波器,然后结合半模基片集成波导(HMSIW)技术设计出滤波天线。该方法简单有效,并且能够额外引入一个传输零点,使滤波天线的频率选择性得以提高。文中以三阶滤波天线为例,验证该方法的有效性。基于TE 101模式,使用两个SIW腔和一个HMSIW腔形成三阶滤波响应,SIW谐振腔用作高Q谐振器,HMSIW谐振腔同时作为辐射腔。实测的中心频率为6.52 GHz,-10 dB带宽为7.4%(6.26 GHz~6.74 GHz)。通带内实测增益基本处于5 dBi,且在下阻带产生了一个传输零点,有效地提高了滤波天线在低频处的频率选择性。实测结果与仿真结果吻合较好,验证了设计方法的有效性。

基于齿状缺陷地的宽阻带交叉耦合SIW滤波器

提出了一种齿状缺陷地低通传输线结构,该低通传输线由多级齿状缺陷地构成,通过调节齿状缺陷地枝节长度,可以有效调节低通和阻带频率范围。利用该齿状缺陷地结构,级联交叉耦合扇形基片集成波导(SIW)滤波器,该文设计了一款高带外抑制的宽阻带滤波器,与传统SIW带通滤波器相比,其矩形系数K 40 dB=2,阻带范围大于2倍的中心频率,具有较好的通带和阻带选择特性。测试结果表明,滤波器的中心频率为10.35 GHz,3 dB和40 dB带宽分别为507 MHz和1.05 GHz,插入损耗优于1.47 dB,与仿真结果基本一致。

基于叠层SIW滤波器的高集成硅基毫米波收发前端

提出了一种基于硅基晶圆级封装技术的小型化Ka频段收发前端,实现了接收通道、发射通道与本振产生电路的一体集成。该收发前端采用嵌入叠层型基片集成波导(SIW)滤波器结构实现高选择性预选滤波与低损耗垂直互连过渡的一体化设计。测试结果表明,该Ka频段滤波器中心损耗1 dB,1 dB带宽4.02 GHz,中心频偏5 GHz处抑制度优于35 dB,仿真与测试结果吻合良好。在前端模组设计中,通过采用硅基微腔屏蔽实现紧凑尺寸下各功能单元的隔离,通过采用1/4波长短路传输线结构抑制电源、控制等低频信号对接收中频的干扰,最终实现了该毫米波收发前端的小型化集成,其尺寸仅为20 mm×20 mm×1.25 mm,主要电性能满足设计要求。

基于CSIW加载开口圆环的增强型微流传感器

针对微流传感器小型化、高灵敏度的性能要求,利用微扰理论,提出了一种基于圆形基片集成波导(CSIW)加载开口圆环的增强型微流传感器。传感器加载开口圆环后,工作频率从3 GHz降到1.6 GHz,相对频率偏移量增加54%。建立了传感器的等效电路模型并根据简化电路模型解释了微流检测的工作原理。实验结果表明:设计的传感器对乙醇溶液的测量误差小于3%,对葡萄糖浓度的测量误差小于6 mg/mL,在微流检测领域具有很好的应用前景。

Single-cavity triangular substrate integrated waveguide bandpass filter with complementary triangular split ring resonator

A novel single-cavity equilateral triangular substrate integrated waveguide(TSIW) bandpass filter(BPF) with a complementary triangular split ring resonator(CTSRR) is designed in this paper. A metallic via-hole is used to split the degenerate modes and adjust the transmission zeros(TZs) properly. Meanwhile, the CTSRR is utilized as a resonator to work together with the degenerate modes of the TSIW cavity. The resonant frequency of the CTSRR can be adjusted by its own size. Meanwhile, a TZ is observed in the lower band due to the CTSRR. Finally, a 16% 3 dB fractional bandwidth(FBW) triple-mode TSIW BPF with three TZs in both lower and upper bands is simulated, fabricated, and measured. There is a good agreement between the simulated and measured ones.

基于多层结构的宽阻带SIW带通滤波器

近年来,多层结构的基片集成波导(SIW)带通滤波器因其结构紧凑的优点得到研究者们的青睐,与此同时,阻带带宽窄的缺点又阻碍了滤波器的发展。为了提升滤波器的阻带性能,提出一种基于多层结构的宽阻带SIW带通滤波器。将滤波器的内外耦合窗口设置在模式的最弱电场处,从本质上抑制该模式。同时引入电磁混合耦合理论,分析特定模式的电磁分布情况,并根据HFSS软件提取的耦合系数设计耦合孔径的大小和位置,实现对特定模式的抑制。仿真结果显示可以完全抑制谐振频率低于TE_(303)模以内的所有高次模。实际加工并测量了该滤波器,中心频率为5.9 GHz,相对带宽为2.54%,阻带可以延伸至17.42 GHz (2.95f_(0),f_(0)为滤波器中心频率),且带外抑制优于28 dB,仿真和测量结果显示两者吻合度较好。与其他SIW滤波器相比,该方法设计简单、带宽可调、阻带更宽,易于应用到实际的微波通信系统中,具有潜在的应用价值。

基于SIW的TE_(20)模X波段反相功率分配器设计

基片集成波导(SIW)具有损耗低、性能好、易于集成等优点,作为一种新型的导波技术已经被广泛地用于微波与毫米波电路。本文基于SIW的本征模理论,设计了一款X波段的反相功率分配器,通过微带馈电、缝隙耦合,将微带线的准TEM模转换为波导的TE_(20)模,最后通过SIW与微带的过渡结构实现反相等分功率传输。经仿真,该反相功率分配器中心工作频率为10GHz,S_(11)小于-10dB带宽为8.19-11.79GHz(36%),通带内传输系数为-3.32dB,输出相位相差约180°,具有损耗低、相位差稳定、易于与微带线集成等优点。

一种基于SIW馈电的毫米波宽带磁电偶极子天线设计

本文提出了一种由基片集成波导缝隙耦合馈电的宽带磁电偶极子天线。通过在该天线第一层介质板集成金属化过孔获得磁偶极子,由基板上表面的水平辐射贴片充当电偶极子,构成磁电偶极子结构。利用SIW缝隙耦合进行馈电,避免了微带形式馈电结构在毫米波频段下损耗较大的问题。仿真结果表明,该阵列天线可以实现22.7%(29-36.5GHz)的相对带宽,天线在34GHz工作时H面波束宽度为123.5°。此外,在宽带上获得了稳定的辐射方向图,增益均大于6.6dBi,这使得所提出的天线成在毫米波频段有良好应用前景。

A Compact PSOAM Antenna Based on Substrate Integrated Waveguide

With no dark zone in the propagation path and the same divergence angles,different plane spiral orbital angular momentum(PSOAM)beams can be superposed easily in the transverse plane.In this paper,a stacked resonator antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide is proposed,which is a compact planar waveguide structure.To obtain the structured EM wave which is superposed by the PSOAM waves(3;4;5;6)at 10 GHz,eight ring resonators are placed symmetrically on the two sides of the center plane and excited simultaneously.Simulation results,including distributions of the electric field,far-field results and purity analysis,are given,indicating that PSOAM beams can be generated with good performances.By controlling the initial phases of different PSOAM waves,beam steering can be realized with the same radiation patterns,which has great potentials in communication and radar detection.

一种具有近似对称E/H面波束宽度的SIW喇叭天线

本文提出了一种基于基片集成波导的喇叭天线。为了提高增益,在喇叭孔径前加载椭圆型介质透镜以调整辐射波的相位;为了提高带宽,在上述透镜的上下加载同样形状和厚度的介质板,不仅进一步改善与自由空间的匹配,同时还减小了E面方向图波束宽度,使得天线E/H面波束宽度近似相等。此外,通过在介质板上加载金属柱和金属条带减弱了后向辐射,并因此提高了天线的前后比。仿真结果表明,在S_(11)小于-10 dB的情况下,该天线的带宽范围为22.2 GHz至32.3 GHz,整个工作频带内增益超过9.6 dBi,同时实现了较高的前后比以及在E面和H面较为对称的辐射方向图。