A novel solid superacid catalyst S2O8^2-/ZrO2-CeO2 was prepared by a coprecipitation method and characterized by means of XRD FTIR, BET, TEM and DSC/TG analysis methods. The results indicated that incorporation of app...A novel solid superacid catalyst S2O8^2-/ZrO2-CeO2 was prepared by a coprecipitation method and characterized by means of XRD FTIR, BET, TEM and DSC/TG analysis methods. The results indicated that incorporation of appropriate amounts of Ce into the catalyst was beneficial to the formation of sole tetragonal ZrO2 and effectively prevented from the formation of monoclinic ZrO〉 and restrained the loss of sulfated species. XRD revealed the presence of tetragonal Ce0.16Zr0.84O2phase in the case of S2O8^2-/ZrO2-CeO2 calcined above 500 ℃. Catalytic activities of S2O8^2-/ZrO2-CeO2 for the esterification of lactic acid with n-butanol was studied. The results showed that the optimum conditions were as follows： calcination temperature of the catalyst 600 ℃, n（lactic acid）：n（n-butyl alcohol）=1.0：3.0, w（S2O8^2-/ZrO2- CeO2）=12.0%, reaction temperature 145 ℃, and reaction time 2 h. The esterification efficiency of lactic acid was about 96.6%.展开更多
A new type of complex solid superacid catalyst WO_3-ZrO_2-SO_4^(2-)with an acid strength H_0≤-16.04 was prepared by kneading Zr(OH)_4 or amorphous ZrO_2 with tungstic acid(H_2WO_4)(W/Zr=0.15),followed by exposing thi...A new type of complex solid superacid catalyst WO_3-ZrO_2-SO_4^(2-)with an acid strength H_0≤-16.04 was prepared by kneading Zr(OH)_4 or amorphous ZrO_2 with tungstic acid(H_2WO_4)(W/Zr=0.15),followed by exposing this complex hydroxides to 0.5 tool/L H_2SO_4,calcining in air at 700～800℃ for 3h.This catalyst possesses both strong Bronsted acidity and strong Lewis acidity experimentally showed by IR observation of pyridine absorbed on it.XPS and AES techniques were employed to examine the valence states of tungsten, zirconium,sulfur and their interactions.The structure of sulfur species was studied by infrared spectroscopy and a structure model of active site was proposed upon these results.展开更多
Solid superacid SO_(4)^(2−)/ZrO_(2)as heterogeneous catalyst was prepared to upgrade the bio-oil in the progress of hydrother-mal liquefaction(HTL)for the represented algae of Chlorella vulgaris and Enteromorpha proli...Solid superacid SO_(4)^(2−)/ZrO_(2)as heterogeneous catalyst was prepared to upgrade the bio-oil in the progress of hydrother-mal liquefaction(HTL)for the represented algae of Chlorella vulgaris and Enteromorpha prolifera.The solid superacid catalyst could obviously adjust the composition of the bio-oil and improve the higher heating values(HHVs).The catalytic performance could be regulated by adjusting the acid amount and acid strength of SO_(4)^(2−)/ZrO_(2).Furthermore,it was explored the catalytic effects of SO_(4)^(2−)/ZrO_(2)by the HTL for algae major model components,including polysaccharides,proteins,lipids,binary mixture and ternary mixture.The results showed that the introducing of SO_(4)^(2−)/ZrO_(2)catalyst could increase the yields of bio-oil from proteins and lipids,and avoid the Maillard reaction between polysaccharides and proteins.Moreover,a possible reaction pathway and mechanisms has proposed for the formation of bio-oils from HTL of algae catalyzed by SO_(4)^(2−)/ZrO_(2)based on the systematic research of the producing bio-oil from major model components.展开更多
Highly active solid superacid catalysts for n-butane isomerization, SZ/A1_2O_3-P, were prepared by supporting SO-(4-2)/ZrO2, (SZ) on y-A1_2O_3 carrier using a precipitation method. The activities of some catalysts wer...Highly active solid superacid catalysts for n-butane isomerization, SZ/A1_2O_3-P, were prepared by supporting SO-(4-2)/ZrO2, (SZ) on y-A1_2O_3 carrier using a precipitation method. The activities of some catalysts were enhanced significantly j The activity of the most active sample. 60%SZ/Al_2O3-P, was even about 2 times more active than that of the SZ catalyst.展开更多
The microwave radiation method was introduced to prepare the Fe_2O_3/SO solid superacid.Its structure and properties were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction and infrared spectrum analyses as well as measuremen...The microwave radiation method was introduced to prepare the Fe_2O_3/SO solid superacid.Its structure and properties were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction and infrared spectrum analyses as well as measurement of magnetic susceptibility and rate of esterification. The structure of the superacids prepared in microwave field can be crystalline or non-crystalline, the latter has not been reported yet in literatures. Comparing with the traditional superacid, the non-crystalline Fe2O3/SO superacid prepared in microwave field has the highest magnetic susceptibility and catalytic activity. The di-coordination of Fe2O3 and SO and the S=O bi-bond were reinforced by microwave radiation, which is favorable for increasing the acid intensity of the Fe2O3/SO catalyst展开更多
A solid superacid catalyst Pt-SO42-/ZrO2-A12O3 for n-pentane isomerization, was prepared by incipient-wetness impregnation. Preparetion conditions, namely, calcination temperature, concentration of sulfuric acid solut...A solid superacid catalyst Pt-SO42-/ZrO2-A12O3 for n-pentane isomerization, was prepared by incipient-wetness impregnation. Preparetion conditions, namely, calcination temperature, concentration of sulfuric acid solution used in impregnation and Al2O3 concentration, were varied to investigate the effects on catalytic performance of Pt-SO42-/ZrO2-A12O3. The results showed that the PtSZA catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic performance for n-pentane isomerization. Under optimized preparation conditions of calcination temperature of 650°C, reaction time for 3 h, concentration of sulfuric acid solution for 0.5 mol/L, 30% of Al2O3 concentration and 0.3% of Pt concentration, the n-pentane conversion and isopentane selectivity of Pt-SO42-/ZrO2-A12O3 could reach up to 62.17% and 91.60%, respectively.展开更多
Solid superacid, silica-supported polytrifluoromethanesulfosiloxane (SiO2-Si-SCF3) wasfirstly used in the Friedel-Crafts acylation of ferrocene as a novel catalyst. IR spectra, WAXD andspecific surface area of the sup...Solid superacid, silica-supported polytrifluoromethanesulfosiloxane (SiO2-Si-SCF3) wasfirstly used in the Friedel-Crafts acylation of ferrocene as a novel catalyst. IR spectra, WAXD andspecific surface area of the superacid SiO2-Si-SCF3 were also investigated.展开更多
Diethylaminoethyl aryloxyacetates are prepared efficiently in 75~95% yields bycondensation of the corresponding aryloxyacetic acids with 2-diethylaminoethanol in the presenceof catalytic amount of solid superacid SO4 ...Diethylaminoethyl aryloxyacetates are prepared efficiently in 75~95% yields bycondensation of the corresponding aryloxyacetic acids with 2-diethylaminoethanol in the presenceof catalytic amount of solid superacid SO4 /Fe2O3. 2-展开更多
The effect of Al content on the performance of the Pd–S2O82-/Zr O2–Al2O3solid superacid catalyst was studied using n-pentane isomerization as a probe reaction. The catalysts were also characterized by X-ray diffract...The effect of Al content on the performance of the Pd–S2O82-/Zr O2–Al2O3solid superacid catalyst was studied using n-pentane isomerization as a probe reaction. The catalysts were also characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), Fourier transform Infrared(FTIR), specific surface area measurements(BET), thermogravimetry–differential thermal analysis(TG–DTA), H2-temperature programmed reduction(TPR) and NH3temperature-programmed desorption(NH3-TPD). The Pd–S2O82-/Zr O2–Al2O3catalyst made from Al2O3 mass fraction of 2.5% exhibited the best performance and its catalytic activity increased by 44.0% compared with Pd–S2O82-/Zr O2. The isopentane yield reached64.3% at a temperature of 238 °C, a reaction pressure of 2.0 MPa, a space velocity of 1.0 h-1and a H2/n-pentane molar ratio of 4.0. No obvious catalyst deactivation was observed within 100 h.展开更多
基金supported by the Science and Technique Foundation of Shaaxi Province of China (2008K07-32)the Foundation of Shaanxi Educa- tional Committee of China (08JK228)the Graduate Innovation Fund of Shaanxi University of Science and Technology
文摘A novel solid superacid catalyst S2O8^2-/ZrO2-CeO2 was prepared by a coprecipitation method and characterized by means of XRD FTIR, BET, TEM and DSC/TG analysis methods. The results indicated that incorporation of appropriate amounts of Ce into the catalyst was beneficial to the formation of sole tetragonal ZrO2 and effectively prevented from the formation of monoclinic ZrO〉 and restrained the loss of sulfated species. XRD revealed the presence of tetragonal Ce0.16Zr0.84O2phase in the case of S2O8^2-/ZrO2-CeO2 calcined above 500 ℃. Catalytic activities of S2O8^2-/ZrO2-CeO2 for the esterification of lactic acid with n-butanol was studied. The results showed that the optimum conditions were as follows： calcination temperature of the catalyst 600 ℃, n（lactic acid）：n（n-butyl alcohol）=1.0：3.0, w（S2O8^2-/ZrO2- CeO2）=12.0%, reaction temperature 145 ℃, and reaction time 2 h. The esterification efficiency of lactic acid was about 96.6%.
基金The project was financed by National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘A new type of complex solid superacid catalyst WO_3-ZrO_2-SO_4^(2-)with an acid strength H_0≤-16.04 was prepared by kneading Zr(OH)_4 or amorphous ZrO_2 with tungstic acid(H_2WO_4)(W/Zr=0.15),followed by exposing this complex hydroxides to 0.5 tool/L H_2SO_4,calcining in air at 700～800℃ for 3h.This catalyst possesses both strong Bronsted acidity and strong Lewis acidity experimentally showed by IR observation of pyridine absorbed on it.XPS and AES techniques were employed to examine the valence states of tungsten, zirconium,sulfur and their interactions.The structure of sulfur species was studied by infrared spectroscopy and a structure model of active site was proposed upon these results.
基金supported by the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(No.ZR2019BB 033)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Ocean University of China(No.201813031).
文摘Solid superacid SO_(4)^(2−)/ZrO_(2)as heterogeneous catalyst was prepared to upgrade the bio-oil in the progress of hydrother-mal liquefaction(HTL)for the represented algae of Chlorella vulgaris and Enteromorpha prolifera.The solid superacid catalyst could obviously adjust the composition of the bio-oil and improve the higher heating values(HHVs).The catalytic performance could be regulated by adjusting the acid amount and acid strength of SO_(4)^(2−)/ZrO_(2).Furthermore,it was explored the catalytic effects of SO_(4)^(2−)/ZrO_(2)by the HTL for algae major model components,including polysaccharides,proteins,lipids,binary mixture and ternary mixture.The results showed that the introducing of SO_(4)^(2−)/ZrO_(2)catalyst could increase the yields of bio-oil from proteins and lipids,and avoid the Maillard reaction between polysaccharides and proteins.Moreover,a possible reaction pathway and mechanisms has proposed for the formation of bio-oils from HTL of algae catalyzed by SO_(4)^(2−)/ZrO_(2)based on the systematic research of the producing bio-oil from major model components.
文摘Highly active solid superacid catalysts for n-butane isomerization, SZ/A1_2O_3-P, were prepared by supporting SO-(4-2)/ZrO2, (SZ) on y-A1_2O_3 carrier using a precipitation method. The activities of some catalysts were enhanced significantly j The activity of the most active sample. 60%SZ/Al_2O3-P, was even about 2 times more active than that of the SZ catalyst.
文摘The microwave radiation method was introduced to prepare the Fe_2O_3/SO solid superacid.Its structure and properties were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction and infrared spectrum analyses as well as measurement of magnetic susceptibility and rate of esterification. The structure of the superacids prepared in microwave field can be crystalline or non-crystalline, the latter has not been reported yet in literatures. Comparing with the traditional superacid, the non-crystalline Fe2O3/SO superacid prepared in microwave field has the highest magnetic susceptibility and catalytic activity. The di-coordination of Fe2O3 and SO and the S=O bi-bond were reinforced by microwave radiation, which is favorable for increasing the acid intensity of the Fe2O3/SO catalyst
文摘A solid superacid catalyst Pt-SO42-/ZrO2-A12O3 for n-pentane isomerization, was prepared by incipient-wetness impregnation. Preparetion conditions, namely, calcination temperature, concentration of sulfuric acid solution used in impregnation and Al2O3 concentration, were varied to investigate the effects on catalytic performance of Pt-SO42-/ZrO2-A12O3. The results showed that the PtSZA catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic performance for n-pentane isomerization. Under optimized preparation conditions of calcination temperature of 650°C, reaction time for 3 h, concentration of sulfuric acid solution for 0.5 mol/L, 30% of Al2O3 concentration and 0.3% of Pt concentration, the n-pentane conversion and isopentane selectivity of Pt-SO42-/ZrO2-A12O3 could reach up to 62.17% and 91.60%, respectively.
基金We are grateful to the National Natural Science Foundation of China(20362007)for the financial support.
文摘Solid superacid, silica-supported polytrifluoromethanesulfosiloxane (SiO2-Si-SCF3) wasfirstly used in the Friedel-Crafts acylation of ferrocene as a novel catalyst. IR spectra, WAXD andspecific surface area of the superacid SiO2-Si-SCF3 were also investigated.
文摘Diethylaminoethyl aryloxyacetates are prepared efficiently in 75~95% yields bycondensation of the corresponding aryloxyacetic acids with 2-diethylaminoethanol in the presenceof catalytic amount of solid superacid SO4 /Fe2O3. 2-
基金Supported by the Technology Risk Innovation Foundation of China National Petroleum Corporation(07-06D-01-04-03-02)
文摘The effect of Al content on the performance of the Pd–S2O82-/Zr O2–Al2O3solid superacid catalyst was studied using n-pentane isomerization as a probe reaction. The catalysts were also characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), Fourier transform Infrared(FTIR), specific surface area measurements(BET), thermogravimetry–differential thermal analysis(TG–DTA), H2-temperature programmed reduction(TPR) and NH3temperature-programmed desorption(NH3-TPD). The Pd–S2O82-/Zr O2–Al2O3catalyst made from Al2O3 mass fraction of 2.5% exhibited the best performance and its catalytic activity increased by 44.0% compared with Pd–S2O82-/Zr O2. The isopentane yield reached64.3% at a temperature of 238 °C, a reaction pressure of 2.0 MPa, a space velocity of 1.0 h-1and a H2/n-pentane molar ratio of 4.0. No obvious catalyst deactivation was observed within 100 h.
