Calculation of current in the Taiwan Strait during summerⅡ. Three-dimensional semidiagnostic and prognostic calculations

The semidiagnostic and prognostic models are used to compute the current in the Taiwan Strait with wind and hydrographic data collected during August, 1984 and September 1 ~ 6, 1988. This calculation can be divided into two stages, i. e. (1 ) the adjustable stage; (2) prognostic calculation. The computed result shows tha the density and velocity fields etc. have been adjusted when t = 2. 5 d, namely the solution of semidignostic calculation is obtained,and the quasi-steady state solution have been reached after about 40 d. Comparing the results of diagncotic calculation with those of semidiagnortic and prognostic calculations indicates that they agree qualitatively. For example, they all have the following common features: (1 ) there is a persistent northward fiow with a volume transport of 0. 8 × 10 6 m3/s through the Taiwan Strait in summer; (2 ) the current near the western coas of Taiwan is stronger than that in other regiona; (3) the upweiling occurs near the Fujian coast and so on. However, there is a quantitative difference between them as follows. For example, the horizotal velocity near the westem cot of Taiwan and the upwelling speed near the Fujian aret both are underestimaed in the diagnestic calculation, because the data used in which is smoothed, and they both are intensified in the solutions of semidiagnostic and prognostic calculations. For example, the maximum velocity near the western coast of Taiwan at t = 0 d (diagnostic), 2. 5 d (semidiagnostic) and 300 d (prognostic) is 59.1, 62. 1 and 62. 0 cm/s, respectively. From the above comparison we see it is quite necessary that a semidiagnostic model be used to compute the currents when the data have been smoothed.

A three-dimensional numerical calculation of the wind-driven thermohaline and tide-induced Lagrangian residual current in the Bohai Sea

On the basis of a three-dimensional weakly nonliear theory of Lagrangian residual current in the Baroclinic shallow seas, a diagnostic numerical calculation of wind-driven, thermohaline and tide-induced Lagrangian residual current in the Bohai Sea is made. The model involves the Richardson number in the eddy viscosity coefficient, wind, thcrmolialine and tidal effects in the focing terms. The runoff of the Huanghe River and a part of the Huanghai Warm Water coming from the Huanghai Sea through the Bohai Sea Strait is also considered. The velocity-splitting method is adopted. The wind-driven circu lation, thermohaline circulation and the tide-induced Lagrangian residual circulation are also obtained individually and analysed. The dynamics of the three main eddies in the Lagrangian mean circulation is discussed. Finally, the numerical result is partly verified with the observed data.

NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL VISCOUS INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOWS IN DIVERGENT CURVED CHANNELS AND TURBULENT MODEL STUDY

In order to make the numerical calculation of viscous flows more convenient for the flows in channel with complicated profile governing equations expressed in the arbitrary curvilinear coordinates were derived by means of Favre density-weighted averaged method, and a turbulent model with effect of curvature modification was also derived. The numerical calculation of laminar and turbulent flown in divergent curved channels was carried out by means of parabolizeil computation method. The calculating results were used to analyze and investigate the aerodynamic performance of talor cascades in compressors preliminarily.

Integration system research and development for three-dimensional laser scanning information visualization in goaf

An integration processing system of three-dimensional laser scanning information visualization in goaf was developed. It is provided with multiple functions, such as laser scanning information management for goaf, cloud data de-noising optimization, construction, display and operation of three-dimensional model, model editing, profile generation, calculation of goaf volume and roof area, Boolean calculation among models and interaction with the third party soft ware. Concerning this system with a concise interface, plentiful data input/output interfaces, it is featured with high integration, simple and convenient operations of applications. According to practice, in addition to being well-adapted, this system is favorably reliable and stable.

Analytic homotopy solution of generalized three-dimensional channel flow due to uniform stretching of the plate

In this communication a generalized three- dimensional steady flow of a viscous fluid between two infinite parallel plates is considered. The flow is generated due to uniform stretching of the lower plate in x- and y-directions. It is assumed that the upper plate is uniformly porous and is subjected to constant injection. The governing system is fully coupled and nonlinear in nature. A complete analytic solution which is uniformly valid for all values of the dimensionless parameters β Re and λ is obtained by using a purely analytic technique, namely the homotopy analysis method. Also the effects of the parameters β Re and λ on the velocity field are discussed through graphs.

Slope excavation quality assessment and excavated volume calculation in hydraulic projects based on laser scanning technology

Slope excavation is one of the most crucial steps in the construction of a hydraulic project. Excavation project quality assessment and excavated volume calculation are critical in construction management. The positioning of excavation projects using traditional instruments is inefficient and may cause error. To improve the efficiency and precision of calculation and assessment, three-dimensional laser scanning technology was used for slope excavation quality assessment. An efficient data acquisition, processing, and management workflow was presented in this study. Based on the quality control indices, including the average gradient, slope toe elevation, and overbreak and underbreak,cross-sectional quality assessment and holistic quality assessment methods were proposed to assess the slope excavation quality with laserscanned data. An algorithm was also presented to calculate the excavated volume with laser-scanned data. A field application and a laboratory experiment were carried out to verify the feasibility of these methods for excavation quality assessment and excavated volume calculation. The results show that the quality assessment indices can be obtained rapidly and accurately with design parameters and scanned data, and the results of holistic quality assessment are consistent with those of cross-sectional quality assessment. In addition, the time consumption in excavation quality assessment with the laser scanning technology can be reduced by 70%e90%, as compared with the traditional method. The excavated volume calculated with the scanned data only slightly differs from measured data, demonstrating the applicability of the excavated volume calculation method presented in this study.

Simulation of three-dimensional tension-induced cracks based on cracking potential function-incorporated extended finite element method

In the finite element method,the numerical simulation of three-dimensional crack propagation is relatively rare,and it is often realized by commercial programs.In addition to the geometric complexity,the determination of the cracking direction constitutes a great challenge.In most cases,the local stress state provides the fundamental criterion to judge the presence of cracks and the direction of crack propagation.However,in the case of three-dimensional analysis,the coordination relationship between grid elements due to occurrence of cracks becomes a difficult problem for this method.In this paper,based on the extended finite element method,the stress-related function field is introduced into the calculation domain,and then the boundary value problem of the function is solved.Subsequently,the envelope surface of all propagation directions can be obtained at one time.At last,the possible surface can be selected as the direction of crack development.Based on the aforementioned procedure,such method greatly reduces the programming complexity of tracking the crack propagation.As a suitable method for simulating tension-induced failure,it can simulate multiple cracks simultaneously.

Inductance calculation for 3D microsolenoids with single-layer coils

Three-dimensional(3D) single-layer microcoils have always been a key element for electromagnetic systems;but they lack an easy and accurate method to calculate the inductance value for their complex 3D micro-structures. This paper employed a curve-fitting process to obtain the associated equation for the inductance value and geometric parameters based on the simulation results. The correction factors regarding helical pitch and wire diameter were reviewed,which are used for compensation in the Nagaoka formula. The simulation process numerically simulated the performance of the 3D microcoils using a FEM electro-magnetic-coupled analysis method. Comparison of the simulated inductance value and the Nagaoka formula was undertaken,which shows that the helical pitch and wire diameter contribute a main role in the calculation error. The derived formula was expressed in a concise form to precisely calculate the inductance value of 3D microsolenoids with single-layer coils.

Predication of 3-D Viscous Flowfield of a Centrifugal Impeller

A three-dimensional viscous code has been developed to solve Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. The governing equations in finite volume form are solved by two-step Runge-Kutta scheme with implicit residual smoothing. The eddy viscous is obtained using the Baldwin-Lomax model. A prediction of the 3-D turbulent flow and the performance in the “all-over controlled vortex distribution” centrifugal impeller with a vaneless diffuser has been made for the compressor at design and off-design condition. The predicted effi-ciency is a little higher than the experiment data. These results suggest that the present calculation code is able to determine the flow development in the impeller and also the turbulence model in the centrifugal im-peller should be improved.

Behavior of traditional concrete dams and three-dimensional printed concrete dams under the debris flow impact

This study investigated the resilience of traditional concrete dams compared to 3D printed concrete dams(3DPC)when subjected to debris flow.Three types of dams,namely check dams,arch dams,and curve dams,were numerically analyzed using a three-dimensional Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian(CEL)methodology.The research focused on critical factors such as impact force and viscous energy dissipation to compare dam performance.Additionally,the study examined the printing and service phases of 3DPC models,determining potential failure modes and analyzing printing parameters.The results demonstrated that 3DPC dams outperformed traditional concrete dams,with filament deposition orientation,perpendicular to the debris flow direction,identified as a pivotal factor.Infill percentage and pattern were also found to influence the behavior of 3DPC models.Notably,curved dams exhibited superior performance based on dam geometry.These findings have significant potential for advancing the development of resilient dam structures capable of withstanding debris flow impacts.

超大跨度悬索桥主缆自平衡体系运营期控制

超大跨度悬索桥塔顶两侧的主缆往往会形成巨大的不平衡水平力,这给主塔设计带来了很大的挑战。为抑制运营阶段索鞍频繁的纵向微动位移并减小桥塔受力,本文以在建超大跨度悬索桥为例,提出一种具有振震双控功能的主缆自平衡体系。建立大桥动力分析模型分析大桥在风车联合作用下的动力响应特征,研究主缆自平衡体系对纵向运动的控制效果,并对比缆塔自由、缆塔固结和自平衡三种结构体系下的纵向响应,对大桥的抗震性能和静力性能进行检验与分析。结果表明:自平衡体系可以有效抑制索鞍位移,位移峰值、累积值的减振率分别达到60%、95%,E2地震作用下索鞍位移峰值的减震率达到79%,塔底截面的能力需求比为9,满足承载力要求,且改善了桥塔受力,避免混凝土受拉,有利于降低造价。主缆自平衡体系的综合性能优越,可以有效保障桥梁的正常运营和安全耐久。

不同截面形状淹没水平柱体上波浪力数值模拟研究

基于黏性流理论,采用有限体积法,考虑多种波浪参数和截面形状,计算淹没水平柱体在波浪作用下的受力.通过受力分解和局部流场特征分析,探究了波浪参数和截面形状对柱体受力的影响.结果表明,3种不同截面形状柱体受力主要由惯性力主导,柱体的淹没体积更大程度地决定了柱体所受波浪力的大小.在相同宽高比条件下,矩形柱淹没体积最大,其次是曲边矩形柱,最小的是椭圆柱.因此,综合考虑3种截面形状淹没水平柱体,矩形柱所受波浪力最大,椭圆柱所受波浪力最小,且随着宽高比的增大逐渐减小.

基于黏滞阻尼器的防船撞装置防护性能分析

为设计一种安装黏滞阻尼器的防船撞装置并研究其防护性能,参照南京长江第二大桥北汊桥设计图纸,建立有限元碰撞系统模型并采用数值动力计算方法,利用撞击力峰值和碰撞深度评价其防护性能,分析不同抵柱截面形状和黏滞阻尼器数量下防船撞装置的防护性能。结果表明:随着黏滞阻尼器数量的增加,撞击力峰值先减小后增大,而碰撞深度逐渐减小。抵柱截面形状为圆形时,与未安装黏滞阻尼器的防船撞装置相比,安装黏滞阻尼器后撞击力峰值减小了5.90%,并有效减小了0.21 m的防船撞装置碰撞深度。防船撞装置的抵柱截面形状为圆形格构,黏滞阻尼器为2个时防船撞性能最好。

高速铁路高低塔斜拉桥减隔震装置研究

通过分析各类减隔震装置对高速铁路高低塔混合梁斜拉桥的减隔震作用,从而选取合理减隔震装置。以阜淮(阜阳—淮北)新建高速铁路跨颍河主跨230 m的高低塔混合梁斜拉桥为研究对象,建立铅芯橡胶支座、摩擦摆式减隔震支座、黏滞阻尼器有限元模型,采用非线性时程分析法对塔底弯矩、梁端水平位移等目标函数进行地震响应分析。结果表明:采用铅芯橡胶支座,塔底弯矩降幅达到49.9%;采用摩擦摆减隔震支座,塔底弯矩降幅达到54.3%;采用黏滞阻尼器,塔底弯矩降幅达到62.0%。对于高速铁路高低塔混合梁斜拉桥而言,黏滞阻尼器减隔震装置更合理,并给出合适设计参数。

Application of Digital Technology in Road and Bridge Design

With the development and progress of science and technology,road and bridge design has experienced rapid development,from the initial manual drawing design to the popularity of Computer-Aided Design(CAD),and then to today’s digital software design era.Early designers relied on hand-drawn paper design forms which was time-consuming and error-prone.Digital support for road and bridge design not only saves the design time but the design quality has also achieved a qualitative leap.This paper engages in the application of digital technology in road and bridge design,to provide technical reference for China’s road and bridge engineering design units,to promote the popularity of Civil3D and other advanced design software in the field of engineering design and development,ultimately contributing to the sustainable development of China’s road and bridge engineering.

气体在克拉玛依九区稠油中的溶解度关联与计算

将克拉玛依九区稠油看成假一元组分，用此稠油的平均结构参数和基团贡献法相结合的方法计算了此碉油的临界温度（Ｔｃ）、临界压力（Ｐｃ）和偏心因子（ｗ），其数值分别为８７９Ｋ、０．８６６ＭＰａ和１．１０。这种计算方法不需稠油的任何物理性质（如正常沸点等）。对于组成复杂、分子量高的混合物特性参数（Ｔｃ、Ｐｃ、ｗ）计算，此方法有明显优点。用计算的特性参数和Ｐｅｎｇ－Ｒｏｂｉｎｓｏｎ方程关联、计算了克拉玛依九区稠油分别与Ｎ２、ＣＨ４、ＣＯ２组成体系的泡点压力和相互作用系数。泡点压力的计算值与实验值一致性很好。

y^+值对翼型气动参数计算精度的影响研究

基于RAE 2822翼型,为了研究粘性底层无量纲参数y+对翼型气动参数计算精度的影响,采用ANSYS ICEM剖分的计算域网格和三维N-S控制方程的有限体积法离散格式,选取SST湍流模型,在不同的y+值下借助ANSYS CFX模块数值计算了该翼型的气动参数,分析了相对误差,绘制了压力系数分布云图。结果表明:过大的y+值导致误差增大;在y+的理论值11.63附近,计算精度变化较小;较小的y+可使精度进一步提高,但过小的y+并不能得到过高的计算精度。y+值对翼型边界不同区域的计算精度影响有所不同,翼型气动参数数值计算时推荐y+取2-4。

潜艇主艇体三维粘性流场数值计算方法研究

采用不同的湍流模型、边界条件对SUBOFF模型主艇体的七种网格模型进行了三维粘性流场数值模拟。将计算所得的艇体表面的压力系数和壁面剪应力系数沿艇长的分布与有关文献的试验结果进行了比较,并以曲线的形式展现出来。分析了湍流模型、边界条件和y+值范围对潜艇主艇体三维粘性流场数值计算结果的影响。

液体粘性联轴器剪切转矩计算方法

建立了液体粘性联轴器剪切转矩计算的模型。该模型综合考虑了温度、剪切率对硅油粘度的影响 ,推导出粘性联轴器在剪切工作状态下转矩输出值的计算式。另外 ,从盘片结构、几何形状与尺寸等因素出发 ,得出了有孔 (槽 )盘片的液体粘性联轴器剪切转矩计算的一种近似方法。将计算结果与台架试验取得的数据进行对比分析 。

Investigation into the Interaction of Centrifugal Compressor Impeller and Vaneless Diffuser

Centrifugal compressors with parallel-wall and contracting wall vaneless diffuser are designed by using centrifugal compressor computer-aided integrated design system. The internal flow fields of the compressor are calculated by solving three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation. Four aspects are investigated and calculation results show that the total efficiencies and total pressure ratios of the compressor with contracting wall vandess diffuser is higher than that of the compressor with parallel-wall. The jet and wake don＇t mix rapidly inside vandess diffuser. The outlet blade lean angle doesn＇t affect the compressor performance. The greater the mass flow rate through impeller, the more uneven the velocity distribution at impeller outlet is.