Water table configuration gives rise to hierarchically nested groundwater flow systems.However,there remains a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the controlling factors of water table and its impact on flo...Water table configuration gives rise to hierarchically nested groundwater flow systems.However,there remains a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the controlling factors of water table and its impact on flow systems.Moreover,it remains challenging to identify characteristics of water table space variation through limited groundwater observations at the regional scale.Based on two ideal two-dimensional cross-section analytical models,this study presents a simplified approach to preliminarily assess the nonlinear interactions between water table variation and three driving factors:Topography,geol-ogy and climate.Two criteria,C1 and C2,are utilized to address issues at different scales ranging from basin to local:(i)the influence of various factors on water table configuration;and(ii)the influence of water table on groundwater flow pattern.Then,the Ordos Plateau is taken as an example to explore the role of the water table in nested groundwater systems using the provided approach and criterion.The applica-tion of this approach in the Ordos Plateau demonstrates its appropriateness as a practical method for prelim-inarily determining the characteristics of water table configuration and its impact on flow systems.The study explores the mechanism influencing spatial variation in the water table and improves understanding of the interaction between topography,geology,and climate on groundwater flow patterns.展开更多
In the permafrost regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP),the permafrost table has a significant effect on the stability of geotechnical engineering.The thermal boundaries and soil properties are the key factors aff...In the permafrost regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP),the permafrost table has a significant effect on the stability of geotechnical engineering.The thermal boundaries and soil properties are the key factors affecting the permafrost table.Complex geological environments and human activities can lead to the uncertainties of thermal boundaries and soil properties.In this paper,an array of field experiments and Monte Carlo(MC)simulations of thermal boundaries and soil properties are carried out.The coefficient of variation(COV),scale of fluctuation(SOF),and autocorrelation distance(ACD)of uncertainties of thermal boundaries and soil properties are investigated.A stochastic analysis method of the probabilistic permafrost table is then proposed,and the statistical properties of permafrost table on the QTP are computed by self-compiled program.The proposed stochastic analysis method is verified with the calculated and measured temperature observations.According to the relationship between ACD and SOF for the five theoretical autocorrelation functions(ACFs),the effects of ACF,COV,and ACD of soil properties and the COV of thermal boundaries on the permafrost tables are analyzed.The results show that the effects of different ACFs of soil properties on the standard deviation(SD)of permafrost table depth are not obvious.The SD of permafrost table depth increases with time,and the larger the COVs of thermal boundaries and soil properties,the deeper the SD of permafrost table;the longer the ACD of soil properties,the shallower the SD of permafrost table.This study can provide a reference for the stability analysis of geotechnical engineering on the QTP considering the uncertainties of thermal boundaries and soil properties.展开更多
Based on the data obtained during the 15th Antarctic Expedition of China between November 1998 and February 1999, the paper discusses the water masses distributed on both sides of the Continental Water Boundary (CWB) ...Based on the data obtained during the 15th Antarctic Expedition of China between November 1998 and February 1999, the paper discusses the water masses distributed on both sides of the Continental Water Boundary (CWB) as well as the spacial variability of the physical characteristics of the central location, the frontal width, the frontal strength, the vertical depth, and the vertical thickness for CWB. The above results are compared with the results from the data obtained during the 9th Antarctic Expedition of China between December 1992 and February 1993, and the temporal variability of those characteristics is discussed. In addition, the inhomogeneity of the kinematic characteristics and the patterns of the dynamic heights for those water masses located on both sides of CWB are illustrated. As it is pointed out in the paper, the trough in the dynamic height field is identified with the frontal location of CWB and the oceanic current shear. Furthermore, the dynamic reason for the upwelling of the circumpolar deep water can be understood by the explanation described in the paper.展开更多
The drainable porosity is one of the important parameters in the unsteady drainage formulas. Due to delayed gravity response the drainable porosity is a function of the rate of drawdown and the depth of water table. T...The drainable porosity is one of the important parameters in the unsteady drainage formulas. Due to delayed gravity response the drainable porosity is a function of the rate of drawdown and the depth of water table. The evaporation from groundwater plays an important role in lowering water table, in drainage design formulas it should be taken into account. Drainage equations considering evaporation from groundwater varying with water table depth and evaporation from water surface and involving constant drain-able porosity have been proposed by many authors. In this paper new formulas considering both delayed gravity yield and evaporation as a function of water table depth are developed and verified by experimental data.展开更多
基金funded by the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Science and Technology Program(2021GG0198)Shaanxi Science,Technology Department(No.2021ZDLSF05-01,2022SF-327)China Geological Survey(DD20190351,DD20221751).
文摘Water table configuration gives rise to hierarchically nested groundwater flow systems.However,there remains a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the controlling factors of water table and its impact on flow systems.Moreover,it remains challenging to identify characteristics of water table space variation through limited groundwater observations at the regional scale.Based on two ideal two-dimensional cross-section analytical models,this study presents a simplified approach to preliminarily assess the nonlinear interactions between water table variation and three driving factors:Topography,geol-ogy and climate.Two criteria,C1 and C2,are utilized to address issues at different scales ranging from basin to local:(i)the influence of various factors on water table configuration;and(ii)the influence of water table on groundwater flow pattern.Then,the Ordos Plateau is taken as an example to explore the role of the water table in nested groundwater systems using the provided approach and criterion.The applica-tion of this approach in the Ordos Plateau demonstrates its appropriateness as a practical method for prelim-inarily determining the characteristics of water table configuration and its impact on flow systems.The study explores the mechanism influencing spatial variation in the water table and improves understanding of the interaction between topography,geology,and climate on groundwater flow patterns.
基金This research was supported by Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering(Grant No.SKLFSE202017)Key Research and Development Program of Xuzhou(Grant No.KC20179)Major State Basic Research Development Program(Grant No.2012CB026103).
文摘In the permafrost regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP),the permafrost table has a significant effect on the stability of geotechnical engineering.The thermal boundaries and soil properties are the key factors affecting the permafrost table.Complex geological environments and human activities can lead to the uncertainties of thermal boundaries and soil properties.In this paper,an array of field experiments and Monte Carlo(MC)simulations of thermal boundaries and soil properties are carried out.The coefficient of variation(COV),scale of fluctuation(SOF),and autocorrelation distance(ACD)of uncertainties of thermal boundaries and soil properties are investigated.A stochastic analysis method of the probabilistic permafrost table is then proposed,and the statistical properties of permafrost table on the QTP are computed by self-compiled program.The proposed stochastic analysis method is verified with the calculated and measured temperature observations.According to the relationship between ACD and SOF for the five theoretical autocorrelation functions(ACFs),the effects of ACF,COV,and ACD of soil properties and the COV of thermal boundaries on the permafrost tables are analyzed.The results show that the effects of different ACFs of soil properties on the standard deviation(SD)of permafrost table depth are not obvious.The SD of permafrost table depth increases with time,and the larger the COVs of thermal boundaries and soil properties,the deeper the SD of permafrost table;the longer the ACD of soil properties,the shallower the SD of permafrost table.This study can provide a reference for the stability analysis of geotechnical engineering on the QTP considering the uncertainties of thermal boundaries and soil properties.
基金Supported by National Science Foundation of China. The contract number is 49836010.
文摘Based on the data obtained during the 15th Antarctic Expedition of China between November 1998 and February 1999, the paper discusses the water masses distributed on both sides of the Continental Water Boundary (CWB) as well as the spacial variability of the physical characteristics of the central location, the frontal width, the frontal strength, the vertical depth, and the vertical thickness for CWB. The above results are compared with the results from the data obtained during the 9th Antarctic Expedition of China between December 1992 and February 1993, and the temporal variability of those characteristics is discussed. In addition, the inhomogeneity of the kinematic characteristics and the patterns of the dynamic heights for those water masses located on both sides of CWB are illustrated. As it is pointed out in the paper, the trough in the dynamic height field is identified with the frontal location of CWB and the oceanic current shear. Furthermore, the dynamic reason for the upwelling of the circumpolar deep water can be understood by the explanation described in the paper.
基金the Science Fundation of the National Education Commission
文摘The drainable porosity is one of the important parameters in the unsteady drainage formulas. Due to delayed gravity response the drainable porosity is a function of the rate of drawdown and the depth of water table. The evaporation from groundwater plays an important role in lowering water table, in drainage design formulas it should be taken into account. Drainage equations considering evaporation from groundwater varying with water table depth and evaporation from water surface and involving constant drain-able porosity have been proposed by many authors. In this paper new formulas considering both delayed gravity yield and evaporation as a function of water table depth are developed and verified by experimental data.
