Vortex模型对气道管理质控的提示作用

困难气道的处理是气道管理工作中的重要挑战之一,目前许多气道管理协会制定的困难气道管理指南在临床实践中的依从性和可操作性较差,原因包括指南内容复杂以及缺乏具体决策指导。为了提高指南的依从性和执行率,Vortex模型应运而生。Vortex模型由Nicholas Chrimes于2013年提出,是一种补充现有困难气道管理指南的认知辅助工具,目的在于提供一个简洁的管理思维模型,通过视觉化的漩涡结构帮助气道管理团队成员形成共同的情境认知,从而提高困难气道管理时的沟通和决策能力。本文旨在对Vortex模型的概念、特点及应用方法进行全面的综述,以期对目前临床上气道管理的质控工作提供可借鉴的经验。

Vortex Channel Modelling for the Radio Vortex System

In this paper, a free-space vortex channel model of the radio vortex system is proposed to describe the propagation characteristics of vortex signals over the vortex channel. The key idea is to combine the Laguerre-Gaussian(LG) modes in the optical field with the free-space propagation model in the radio field. The proposed free-space vortex channel model is derived from the electric field expression of the LG modes and the freespace channel transfer function of the freespace propagation model theoretically. Simulation results verify that the proposed model could reflect the vortex channel characteristics better than the currently used free-space propagation model.

A PREDICTION OF THE VORTEX-RING STATE BOUNDARY BASED ON MODEL TESTS

To understand the vortex-ring state and to develop an approach for predicting its boundary, a series of model rotor tests of vertical descent and oblique descent have been conducted on a newly-built test apparatus - the Whirling Beam. The test results showed some unsteady aerodynamic behavior of the model rotor operating in the vortex-ring state. A very irregular variation of the rotortorque at low rate-of-descent was observed here for the first time. We considered it to be the start of the 'power settling' and determined the critical descent velocity according to this observation. A previous criterion for the vortex-ring state was modified to give a semi-empirical method for predicting the entire vortex-ring state boundary. The computed boundary shows a good correlation with the model test results and the flight experiences.

Applicability of the vortex-glass model for the single crystal Tl_(0.4)K_(0.41)Fe_(1.71)Se_2

We measure the current–voltage（I–V） characteristics for the single crystal of Tl0.4K0.41Fe1.71Se2 with the superconducting transition temperature（TC） around 30.5 K, under a 10 T magnetic field applied perpendicular and parallel to the ab plane. We find that the shapes of the I–V isotherms are very different from the description by the vortex-glass（VG） model.Combining theoretical calculations and analysis of the ρH⊥ab–T and ρH ab–T data, we give an explicit discussion over the suitability of the VG model for the A0.8Fe2Se2 superconductors, and point out the possibility of the material acting as a convenient platform for re-examination and further study of the complex vortex behaviors in the layered superconductors.

Simplified Prediction Model for Vortex-Induced Vibrations of Top Tensioned Risers

According to the characteristics of deepwater top tensioned risers, a simplified model is presented to predict the multi-modal response of vortex-induced vibration （VIV） in non-uniform flow based on energy equilibrium theory and the exporimental data from VIV self-excited and forced oscillations of rigid cylinders. The response amplitude of each mode is determined by a balance between the energy fed into the riser over the lock-in regions and the energy dissipated by the fluid damping over the remainders. Compared with the previous prediction models, this method can take fully account of the intrinsic nature of VIV for low mass ratio structures on lock-in regions, added mass and nonlinear fluid damping effect, etc. Moreover, it is the first time to propose the accurate calculating procedure for VIV amplitude correction factor by solving energy equilibrium equation and a closed form solution is presented for the case of a riser of uniform mass and cross-section oscillating in a uniform flow. The predicted values show a reasonable agreement with VIV experiments of riser models in stepped and sheared currents.

A Novel Wake Oscillator Model for Vortex-Induced Vibrations Prediction of A Cylinder Considering the Influence of Reynolds Number

It is well known that the Reynolds number has a significant effect on the vortex-induced vibrations(VIV) of cylinders. In this paper, a novel in-line(IL) and cross-flow(CF) coupling VIV prediction model for circular cylinders has been proposed, in which the influence of the Reynolds number was comprehensively considered. The Strouhal number linked with the vortex shedding frequency was calculated through a function of the Reynolds number. The coefficient of the mean drag force was fitted as a new piecewise function of the Reynolds number, and its amplification resulted from the CF VIV was also taken into account. The oscillating drag and lift forces were modelled with classical van der Pol wake oscillators and their empirical parameters were determined based on the lock-in boundaries and the peak-amplitude formulas. A new peak-amplitude formula for the IL VIV was developed under the resonance condition with respect to the mass-damping ratio and the Reynolds number. When compared with the results from the experiments and some other prediction models, the present model could give good estimations on the vibration amplitudes and frequencies of the VIV both for elastically-mounted rigid and long flexible cylinders. The present model considering the influence of the Reynolds number could generally provide better results than that neglecting the effect of the Reynolds number.

Topological Structure of Vortex Solution in Jackiw-Pi Model

By using φ-mapping method,we discuss the topological structure of the self-duality solution in Jackiw-Pimodel in terms of gauge potential decomposition.We set up relationship between Chern-Simons vortex solution andtopological number,which is determined by Hopf index and Brouwer degree.We also give the quantization of flux inthis ease.Then,we study the angular momentum of the vortex,which can be expressed in terms of,the flux.

基于Vortex模型分析金沙江水电开发对圆口铜鱼种群生存力的影响

圆口铜鱼(Coreius guichenoti)是长江上游特有鱼类,研究金沙江梯级水电开发背景下圆口铜鱼种群生存力变化对该物种的保护具有重要意义。Vortex模型在传统种群评估方法的基础上,引入种群年龄结构、繁殖体制、性比等因素,并考虑了环境、灾害、遗传等随机性对种群的影响,可模拟种群数量和生存力变化特征,是一种应用广泛的种群生存力分析模型。基于1981—2021年金沙江圆口铜鱼资源调查数据,采用Vortex模型构建了金沙江中下游干流大规模水电开发前、后两个时期圆口铜鱼种群生存力分析模型,考虑了水电开发下,水温、流速等环境变化对圆口铜鱼种群的影响,对比了两个时期圆口铜鱼种群数量、结构及生存力等。结果表明:水电开发前,严重过度捕捞对圆口铜鱼种群产生了显著威胁,10年内种群数量下降了12.5%,百年内种群内禀增长率为0.085,种群的生存和繁殖能力较稳定,灭绝概率为1%;水电开发后,10年内种群数量下降了42%,百年内种群内禀增长率降至-0.087,灭绝概率增大至36.1%,种群平均灭绝时间为83.7年,圆口铜鱼抵抗环境干扰的种群恢复能力降低,种群生存力受到影响。

Prediction Model for Vortex-Induced Vibration of Circular Cylinder with Data of Forced Vibration

A model based on the data from forced vibration experiments is developed for predicting the vortex-induced vibra- tions （VIV） of elastically mounted circular cylinders in flow. The assumptions for free and forced vibration tests are explored briefly. Energy equilibrium is taken into account to set up the relationship between the dynamic response of selfexcited oscillations and the force coemcients from forced vibration experiments. The gap between these two cases is bridged straightforwardly with careful treatment of key parameters. Given reduced mass m^# and material damping ratio of an elastically mounted circular cylinder in flow, the response characteristics such as amplitude, frequency, lock-in range, added mass coefficient, cross-flow fluid force and the corresponding phase angle can be predicted all at once. In- stances with different combination of reduced mass and material damping ratio are compared to investigate their effects on VIV. The hysteresis phenomenon can be interpreted reasonably. The predictions and the results from recent experiments carried out by Wifliamson＇ s group are in rather good agreement.

THE SEPARATION OF LARGE VORTEXES AND THE CLOSED EQUATIONS OF TURBULENCE MODEL

This paper presents a new kind of everage for the loeally-generated large vortexes so that the physieal quantities of the locally-generated large vortexes and the external large vortexes canberigorously separated from the equal ions for the large vortexes proposed in a previous paper[1] To the equations for the two kinds of large vortexes, some auxiliary relations are introduced, and the value, of the length-scale lN of energy dissipation of the external large vortexes may he determined according to the actual circumstances of the disturbance of external sources. Thus the resulting equations of the second moments of turbulent velocity fluctuations for the two kinds of large vortexes can be made closed. Meanwhile, the corresponding coefficients of diffusion in the previous paper[1] are improved,Finally, a closed set of numerically-solvable equations of turbulence model are obtained.

Numerical Modelling of Coal Combustion Processes in the Vortex Furnace with Dual-Port Loading

The work is devoted to numerical simulation of pulverized-coal combustion processes in the vortex furnace which is a prospective design of a boiler unit for thermal power plants. New modification of this design characterized by additional tangential-injection nozzle located at the bottom of combustion chamber has been studied. Numerical results for the case of Siberian brown coal combustion in this vortex furnace with dual-port loading are presented, including 3-D aerodynamic structure, the fields of temperatures, radiated heat fluxes, species and dispersed phase concentrations, and NOx emissions.

Nonlinear tight formation control of multiple UAVs based on model predictive control

A tight formation of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs) has many advantages, such as fuel saving and deceiving enemy radar during battlefield entry. As a result, research on UAVs in close formation has received much attention, and the controller design for formation holding has become a popular research topic in the control field. However, there are many unknown disturbances in tight formation, and the tail aircraft is disturbed by the wake. This paper establishes a mathematical model of wake vortices for tail aircraft that considers uncertainty and strong interference. Two UAVs are simulated by Computational Fluid Dynamics software, followed by the design of a semiphysical simulation model predictive control(MPC) scheme that suppresses uncertainty and interference sufficiently to enable the tail aircraft to accurately track the lead aircraft and maintain a stable, tight formation. The tight formation controller is verified by numerical simulation and semiphysical simulation. The results show that the designed controller has an excellent control effect in the case of disturbance caused by the wake vortex.

基于Vortex的水下实时动力学虚拟仿真环境研究

以虚拟现实技术为基础构建实时动力学仿真系统,既要能够呈现逼真的视景仿真效果,还要具有较高的力学仿真精度和实时计算性能。针对海洋环境作业模拟与水下应急维修仿真应用需求,将Vortex物理仿真引擎与Vega Prime虚拟现实平台相结合构建实时动力学虚拟仿真环境,通过对作业环境和工机具进行物理属性建模和几何属性建模,设计并实现了对刚体、柔性绳索、海洋水体和海底地形等主要模型进行动力学仿真的关键技术。在水下机器人下放训练系统中应用上述仿真技术,通过优化仿真模型和仿真过程,得到了具有高度物理真实感的实时动力学仿真结果。

基于Vortex的月球车仿真技术

为实现对月球车各种运动工况的性能仿真评估,基于Pro/E二次开发技术,将三维地形和车体模型直接生成定制的SQlite数据库模型,基于Vortex物理引擎相关函数,建立月球车车体动力学模型,并采用OSG图形引擎可视化对象;在轮壤台架试验基础上,对Vortex内建的轮壤作用模型进行模型的评估及修模,确保模型的正确性;基于MFC多文档框架,实现响应中断、事件回调及仿真数据再现等前后处理功能,构建了三维可视化的仿真分析软件。

NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE MECHANISM OF ASYMMETRIC VORTEX FLOWS

A robust iterative method suitable for the numerical simulation of high angle-of-attack vortex flows is established based upon the multiple line-vortex model(MLVM).With symmetric or asymmetric positions of sep- aration lines given,the first converged solution at an angle of attack as high as 60 degree is obtained by means of the present method.Numerical experiments for a tangent-ogive forebody indicate the viscous onset mechanism of asymmetric vortex flows over a body of revolution at high angles of attack and zero sideslip.

基于Vortex的6自由度平台洗出运动仿真

为了研究并联6自由度平台在车辆驾驶过程中的洗出运动,实现车辆动力学模型和6自由度运动平台模型的联合仿真,提出一种利用Vortex多体动力学软件对6自由度平台进行建模,复现车辆模型运动过程的仿真方法.平台液压油缸初始位姿采用解析法进行确定,在Matlab/Simulink中实现运动平台的洗出滤波算法和运动学反解算法,利用转弯和直线2种典型运动进行仿真验证.在给定路面上进行虚拟驾驶,Vortex车辆动力学模型解算结果使车辆产生相应的连续运动状态,相关动力学参数经过洗出滤波算法、平台运动学反解运算得到各油缸伸长量,驱动Vortex软件中建立的6自由度运动平台模型.结果表明,利用Vortex软件可以将车辆动力学模型和并联6自由度平台模型进行联合仿真,实现平台洗出运动的可视化.

A cavitation model for computations of unsteady cavitating flows

A local vortical cavitation（LVC） model for the computation of unsteady cavitation is proposed.The model is derived from the Rayleigh–Plesset equations,and takes into account the relations between the cavitation bubble radius and local vortical effects.Calculations of unsteady cloud cavitating fows around a Clark-Y hydrofoil are performed to assess the predictive capability of the LVC model using well-documented experimental data.Compared with the conventional Zwart＇s model,better agreement is observed between the predictions of the LVC model and experimental data,including measurements of time-averaged fl w structures,instantaneous cavity shapes and the frequency of the cloud cavity shedding process.Based on the predictions of the LVC model,it is demonstrated that the evaporation process largely concentrates in the core region of the leading edge vorticity in accordance with the growth in the attached cavity,and the condensation process concentrates in the core region of the trailing edge vorticity,which corresponds to the spread of the rear component of the attached cavity.When the attached cavity breaks up and moves downstream,the condensation area fully transports to the wake region,which is in accordance with the dissipation of the detached cavity.Furthermore,using vorticity transport equations,we also fin that the periodic formation,breakup,and shedding of the sheet/cloud cavities,along with the associated baroclinic torque,are important mechanisms for vorticity production and modification When the attached cavity grows,the liquid–vapour interface that moves towards the trailing edge enhances the vorticity in the attached cav-ity closure region.As the re-entrant jet moves upstream,the wavy/bubbly cavity interface enhances the vorticity near the trailing edge.At the end of the cycle,the break-up of the stable attached cavity is the main reason for the vorticity enhancement near the suction surface.

Study on a Mesoscale Convective Vortex Causing Heavy Rainfall during the Mei-yu Season in 2003

The strong heavy rainfall on 3–5 July 2003 causing the severe flooding in Huaihe River basin （HRB）, China is studied. It is noted that there are sometimes mesoscale convective vortex （MCV） in East Asia during the mei-yu season. Simulation results from the ARPS （Advanced Regional Prediction） data analysis system （ADAS） and WRF model were used to study the development of the mesoscale convective system （MCS） and mesoscale convective vortex （MCV）. It is confirmed that the MCV formed during the development of a previous severe MCS. A closed vortex circulation can be found below 600 hPa with a vorticity maximum in the middle troposphere. The evolution process of the MCV can be divided into three stages： initiation, maturation, and dissipation. During the mature stage of the MCV, a downdraft occurred in the center of the MCV and new convection developed in southeast of the MCV. The convergence and the tilting in the lower troposphere convergence and vertical advection in the middle troposphere were the main vorticity sources in the MCV initiation stage. Finally, a conceptual model between the mei-yu front and the embedded MCS and MCV is proposed. The mei-yu front was the background condition for the development of the MCS and MCV. A low level jet （LLJ） transported moisture and the weak cold air invasion via a trough aloft in the middle troposphere and triggering the severe convection. Furthermore, the intensified jet was able to result in the initiation of new ＂secondary＂ areas of convection in the eastern part of the MCV.

Analysis of the operating parameters of a vortex electrostatic precipitator

A vortex electrostatic precipitator （VEP） forms a vortex flow field within a precipitator by means of the vertical staggered layout of the double-vortex collecting plate facing the direction of the gas flow. The ion concentrations within the precipitator can be significantly increased. Correspondingly, the charging and coagulation rates of fine particles and particle migration velocity are significantly improved within the VEP. Since it can effectively collect fine particles and reduce precipitator size, VEPs represent a new type of electrostatic precipitator with great application potential. In this work the change curve of the external voltage, gas velocity, row spacing and effective collecting area influencing the precipitation efficiency were acquired through a single-factor experiment. Using an orthogonal regression design, attempts were made to analyze the major operating parameters influencing the collecting efficiency of fine particles, establish a multiple linear regression model and analyze the weights of factors and then acquire quantitative rules relating experimental indicators and factors. The regression model was optimized by MATLAB programming, and we then obtained the optimal factor combination which can enhance the efficiency of fine particle collection. The final optimized result is that： when gas velocity is 3.4 m s-1, the external voltage is 18 kV, row spacing is 100 mm and the effective collecting area is 1.13 m2, the rate of fine particle collection is 89.8867%. After determining and analyzing the state of the internal flow field within the VEP by particle image velocimetry （PIV）, the results show that, for a particular gas velocity, a vortex zone and laminar zone are distinctly formed within the VEP, which increases the ion transport ratio as well as the charging, coagulation and collection rates of fine particles within the precipitator, thus making further improvements in the efficiency of fine particle collection.

Numerical and Physical Investigation on Vortex-Induced Vibrations of Marine Risers

As a project supported by the National Natural Science Fotmdation of China, a model experiment on the vortex-induced vibration of practical risers transporting tluid in currents was conducted in the Physical Oceanography laboratory of ocean University of China in 2005. Because most of the offshore oil fields in China are in shallow water, the experiment was focused on the risers in shallow water. The similarity theory was used in the experiment to derive the experimental model from the practical model. Considering the internal flowing fluid and external marine environment, the dynamic response of the marine riser was measured. Corresponding numerical simulation was performed with the finite element method. Ccnaparisons were made between the results from the experiment and numerical simulation.