Influence of adhesive layer properties on laser-generated ultrasonic waves in thin bonded plates

This paper studies quantitatively the generation of Lamb waves in thin bonded plates subjected to laser illumination, after considering the viscoelasticity of the adhesive layer. The displacements of such plates have been calculated in the frequency domain by using the finite element method, and the time domain response has been reconstructed by applying an inverse fast Fourier transform. Numerical results are presented showing the normal surface displacement for several configurations： a single aluminum plate, a three-layer bonded plate, and a two-layer plate. The characteristics of the laser-generated Lamb waves for each particular case have been investigated. In addition, the sensitivity of the transient responses to variations of material properties （elastic modulus, viscoelastic modulus, and thickness） of the adhesive layer has been studied in detail.

Propagation of Iamb waves in adhesively bonded multilayered media

The effect of introducing attenuation on Lamb wave dispersion curves is studied in this paper. Attenuation is introduced to a three-layered composite plate by an adhesive bond layer with viscous behavior. No changes are required to the transfer matrix formulation for the propagation of elastic waves. By introduction of a complex wavenumber, the model can be used to the propagation of attenuative Lamb waves. Numerical examples for a three-layered aluminium-epoxy-aluminium plate show that attenuation values of each mode in plates are related not only to attenuation, but also to the thickness of the bonded layer, which is in agreement with practical situations.

Propagation Characteristics of Ultrasonic Guided Waves in Grouted Rockbolt Systems with Bond Defects under Different Confining Conditions

A rockbolt acting in the rock mass is subjected to the combined action of the pull-out load and confining pressure, and the bond quality of the rockbolt directly affects the stability of the roadway and cavern. Therefore, in this study, confining pressure and pull-out load are applied to grouted rockbolt systems with bond defects by a numerical simulation method, and the rockbolt is detected by ultrasonic guided waves to study the propagation law of ultrasonic guided waves in defective rockbolt systems and the bond quality of rockbolts under the combined action of pull-out load and confining pressure. The numerical simulation results show that the length and location of bond defects can be detected by ultrasonic guided waves under the combined action of pull-out load and confining pressure. Under no pull-out load, with increasing confining pressure, the low-frequency part of the guided wave frequency in the rockbolt increases, the high-frequency part decreases, the weakening effect of the confining pressure on the guided wave propagation law increases, and the bond quality of the rockbolt increases. The existence of defects cannot change the strengthening effect of the confining pressure on the guided wave propagation law under the same pull-out load or the weakening effect of the pull-out load on the guided wave propagation law under the same confining pressure.

Behavior and mechanism of the bonding interface of 0Cr18Nig/16MnR by explosive welding

In order to investigate the bonding behavior and mechanism of the interface prepared by explosive welding, the bonding interfaces of 0 Crl 8Ni9/16MnR were observed and analyzed by means of optical microscope （OM） , scanning electron microscope （SEM） and electron probe microanalysis （ EPMA ）. It is found that the welding interfaces are wavy due to the wavy explosive loading. There are three kinds of bonding interfaces i. e. big wave, small wave and micro wave. There are a few seam defects and all elements contents are less than both of the base and .flyer plate in the transition zone of big wavy interface. Moreover, some ＂holes＂ result in the lowest bonding strength of big wavy interface nearby the interface in the base plate. All elements contents of the small wavy interface are between two metals, and there are few seam and hole defects, so it is the higher for the bonding strength of small wavy interface. There is no transition zone and defects in the micro wavy interface, so the interface is the best. To gain the high quality small and micro wavy bonding interface the explosive charge should be controlled.

Lamb waves in a thin isotropic layer between two anisotropic layers

Attenuative Lamb wave propagation in adhesively bonded anisotropic composite plates is introduced. The isotropic adhesive exhibits viscous behavior to stimulate the poor curing of the middle layer. Viscosity is assumed to vary linearly with frequency, implying that attenuation per wavelength is constant. Attenuation can be implemented in the analysis through modification of elastic properties of isotropic adhesive. The new properties become complex, but cause no further complications in the analysis. The characteristic equation is the same as that used for the elastic plate case, except that both real and imaginary parts of the wave number (i.e., the attenuation) must be computed. Based on the Lowe’s solution in finding the complex roots of characteristic equation, the effect of longitudinal and shear attenuation coefficients of the middle adhesive layer on phase velocity dispersion curves and attenuation dispersion curves of Lamb waves propagating in bonded anisotropic composites is visualized numerically.

Experimental Investigation of Second Interface Cement Bond Evaluation

Cement bond model wells （1：10 scaled-down） were made with a gradually degrading cement annulus for cement bond evaluation of the first interface （between the casing and the cement annulus） and the second interface （between the cement annulus and the formation）. Experimental simulation on cement bond logging was carried out with these model wells. The correlation of acoustic waveforms, casing wave energy and flee casing area before and after cement bonding of the second interface was established. The experimental results showed that the arrival of the casing waves had no relationship with the cement bonding of the second interface, but the amplitude of the casing head wave decreased obviously after the second interface was bonded. So, cement bonding of the second interface had little effect on the evaluation of the cement bond quality of the first interface by using casing head wave arrivals. Strong cement annulus waves with early arrivals were observed before the second interface was bonded, while obvious ＂formation waves＂ instead of cement annulus waves were observed after the second interface was bonded.

基于周向SH导波的钢制环氧套筒胶结缺陷检测方法研究

钢制环氧套筒目前已在油气管道损伤修复领域得到广泛应用,其树脂层的胶结质量对管道修复后的补强效果至关重要。对此,本文提出了基于电磁超声周向SH导波的钢制环氧套筒胶结缺陷检测方法。首先,通过建立有限元模型研究了周向SH0模态导波在钢制环氧套筒结构中的传播特性;其次,采用有限元仿真与实验研究相结合的方式探究了周向SH0模态导波检测钢制环氧套筒胶结层内预制的阶梯型贯穿空腔缺陷的可行性。仿真和实验结果均表明,SH0模态直达波幅值与空腔宽度基本呈线性正相关,说明该方法可实现对胶结层中贯穿型空腔缺陷的检测,并且可区分空腔大小,验证了所提方法用于检测钢制环氧套筒胶结缺陷的可行性。

基于超声导波和Y-Net的复合材料胶接质量检测研究

为实现复合材料胶接结构界面粘接质量的检测,本文提出了一种基于导波检测技术和Y-Net卷积神经网络的界面弱粘接缺陷反演成像方法。计算了超声导波在复合材料胶接结构中传播的相速度频散曲线和波结构,指出了适于实际检测的导波激励频率和激发模态;创建了基于有限元仿真的数据集,将缺陷导波检测数据及概率损伤成像(RAPID)结果作为输入,真实胶接质量结果作为标签数据,对Y-Net进行了搭建、训练、验证和泛化能力测试,并应用结构相似指数(SSIM)和峰值信噪比(PSNR)定量评估了Y-Net的反演能力;搭建了实验系统,开展了复合材料胶接板检测实验。结果表明,本文所提方法可以弱粘接缺陷反演成像方式实现胶接质量检测,成像结果可准确且高质量地表征弱粘接缺陷的位置、形状、大小和弱粘接程度等多个特性。

硅基钽酸锂异质晶圆键合工艺研究

5G移动通信的发展对声表面波滤波器提出了高频、小型化、集成化的要求。相较于传统压电体单晶材料,采用硅基压电单晶薄膜材料制备的声表面波滤波器具有高频、低插入损耗、高温稳定性等优势,是高性能声表面波器件发展的核心基础材料。Smart-Cut^(TM)是制备硅基压电单晶薄膜材料的主要方法,键合工艺是其中的核心工序,键合质量决定了硅基压电单晶薄膜晶圆材料的质量,并影响器件性能。本文通过低温直接键合工艺,对等离子活化、兆声清洗、预键合、键合加固四道工序展开优化,最终实现了键合强度高达1.84 J/m^(2)、键合面积超过99.9%的高质量硅基钽酸锂异质晶圆键合。

超声反射法套管-地层环空间介质波阻抗反演方法与成像实例

针对套管井反射式超声波水泥固井质量检测问题,本文利用超声反射波频谱中套管共振透射窗内的复合反射系数,提出了定量反演套管-地层环空间内介质的波阻抗的方法.利用复合反射系数中多个频率点的相移反正切函数主值,给出了波阻抗的计算公式,并把套管-地层环空间介质中波的相移的整、实特性作为波阻抗反演收敛的判据.针对井下实际测井环境中超声换能器性能受温度和压力等的影响而发生变化,导致的声源波形(子波)和复合反射系数不确定的困难,提出了用井下原地(insitu)实测波形定量估计声源波形和复合反射系数的方法.通过对合成数据的处理,分别考察了已知介质的声学和几何参数存在的偏差对套管-地层环空间内介质的波阻抗反演结果的影响.本文对多组模型井检验数据进行了目的层介质的波阻抗反演与成像,成像结果与真实情况吻合,验证了反演方法的有效性.最后对现场实测资料进行了套管-地层环空间内介质的波阻抗定量反演与成像.

超声波对木质纤维素糖化过程影响的研究

将超声波应用在木质纤维素预处理及其酶解糖化过程中,通过SEM、FTIR研究了处理前后纤维素的形态结构和结晶性能,并考察了不同预处理方式对原料成分的影响和超声波对酶解糖化率的影响。结果表明,超声波作用能有效地破坏纤维素分子中的氢键,降低其结晶程度,而且能有效地提高木质素的脱除率和酶解糖化率。对超声波作用于酶解过程中的机理进行了初步探讨。

应力波理论在动测锚杆锚固质量中的应用

运用应力波理论，分析了不同锚固质量的锚杆在瞬态冲击下的响应规律，包括锚固质量优的、中等的、劣的对锚杆中应力波的影响规律。这些规律都将会对实际锚杆锚固质量的无损检测起到很好的指导作用。

利用应力波测量涂层的结合强度

基于探索评价涂层抗拉结合强度方法的目的,考虑到激光冲击法测量涂层的抗拉伸结合强度时应力难于测量的情况,依据一维应力波的线性理论:在杆的一端撞击产生一压应力脉冲,此脉冲传到自由端后将反射为拉应力脉冲,当在杆的自由端有涂层薄膜时这一应力对涂层界面产生拉伸作用,如果这一应力幅值足够大就会将其拉开,以此实现抗拉结合强度测量。文中分析了应力波在涂层界面处产生拉应力的规律,利用Hopkinson压杆技术产生和测量应力脉冲。以此测量了铁基涂层的结合强度,证明了方法的有效性。

聚乳酸的降解研究

探讨了聚乳酸水解以及超声波降解情况,利用傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)和凝胶渗透色谱仪测定其基团及相对分子质量变化。研究结果表明:聚乳酸超声波降解同其水解均为酯键断裂导致的,并且是酯键的任意断裂,在水解过程中聚乳酸质量损失快慢为盐酸溶液>磷酸缓冲液>去离子水;聚乳酸在水解过程中,相对分子量随降解时间的延长而减小,但在超声波作用30min下其质量有一定程度的损失而相对分子量反而增大,推断其可能发生了部分交联反应。

基于护套电流和的110 kV GIS终端电缆行波故障定位研究

为了在不拆开GIS替换原有电磁型电流互感器的条件下仍能够采用行波法对电缆进行在线故障定位,以110 kV交联聚乙烯绝缘皱纹铝护套电力电缆为原型,研究故障暂态电流行波在护套交叉互联电缆中的传播特性。提出利用三相护套电流和作为行波测距信号,其在护套交叉互联点和护套接地点处大小不发生变化,且主要成分为传播特性稳定的模量。在PSCAD/EMTDC中建立电缆系统模型进行各种故障电阻和故障距离的仿真,采用小波变换模极大值进行波头识别,故障测距结果都表明该方法可行并具有较高的准确性。

T10-20G爆炸焊接复合板

通过选取最佳的爆炸焊接参数 ,消除了 T10 - 2 0 G爆炸复合板表面的裂纹 ,使复合率达到 10 0 %。微观测试和宏观力学性能检测表明 :从起爆端开始 ,界面波依次为微波状和小波状 ,消除了大波状界面中不可避免的微观缺陷 。

双层套管井中界面胶结差时单极全波响应特征的对比

通过实轴积分和有限差分相结合,计算双层套管井不同界面胶结差时单极子声源激发的套管波、井孔伪瑞利波以及斯通利波的响应特征。结果表明第Ⅰ界面胶结差时套管波的到时最早,其次是第Ⅲ界面,第Ⅱ界面和第Ⅳ界面胶结差时套管波到时较晚;从套管波的幅度特征观察,在各个界面胶结程度一致时,第Ⅰ或第Ⅲ界面胶结差时套管波的幅度较强,第Ⅱ界面和第Ⅳ界面胶结差时套管波的幅度较弱,理论计算结果与现场测量结果一致。不同界面胶结差时井孔伪瑞利波和斯通利波的响应也有明显差异,随着不胶结界面距离井轴越远,伪瑞利波的频散曲线逐渐向低频偏移;且在同一胶结状况下套管井中伪瑞利波的截止频率随地层横波速度的降低明显向高频移动,这一响应特征与裸眼井下的变化规律不同。在复杂的双层套管固井质量评价中,可结合井孔模式波的频散特征为判断各个界面的胶结状况提供参考。

超声波在引线键合机变幅杆中的传递规律

基于解析模型的方法,研究了超声波在热超声金丝球引线键合机变幅杆中的传递规律。在忽略变幅杆横向惯性效应,假定线弹性、无阻尼情况下,考虑变幅杆纵向微小振动,从一维变截面杆振动方程出发,建立热超声金丝球引线键合机复合变幅杆的动力学方程,推导它的频率方程,获得各阶振型。研究结果表明在变幅杆的各阶振型中,两端都是位移腹点,但是幅值不同,这也是变幅杆可以传递超声波的原因;夹持器应只有位于位移节点,才能为变幅杆系统提供支撑的同时不对超声波传递产生影响。

基于二次谐波技术的固体火箭发动机界面粘接质量的超声无损评价

提出了一种用于固体火箭发动机粘接界面质量评价的非线性超声检测方法。常规超声纵波可用于粘接界面缺陷的检测,但不适用于粘接质量的评价。超声与界面相互作用产生的非线性效应,使得粘接界面的质量评价成为可能。表征界面超声波非线性响应的参数称为二次谐波激发效率,二次谐波激发效率的不同表示界面粘接质量的不同。实验结果表明,将二次谐波激发效率作为特征,可有效评价界面的粘接质量。

套管井超声导波成像系统开发与工程应用研究

针对现有套管井检测与评价技术存在的缺陷,开展了进一步的导波成像方法与技术开发研究。对套管壁A0导波模式频散与泄漏衰减特性,以及泄漏衰减特性与管外粘结材料特性阻抗的关系进行了分析。在此基础上进行了不同粘结载荷钢板模型A0模泄漏衰减等特性以及脉冲回波厚度共振波特性的实验测试。结果显示,结合A0模式的衰减与管外粘结材料特性阻抗的测试结果,可有效定征管外粘结材料特性,进一步确定和成像管外环形空间水力联通特性。以此为基础,开发了耐温和耐压宽带超声换能器,以及检测与成像系统。通过模型井和实际井的测试,获得良好效果。