WEAK ATOMIC DECOMPOSITIONS OF MARTINGALE HARDY-LORENTZ SPACES AND APPLICATIONS

In this article, we establish some atomic decomposition theorems for martin- gale Hardy-Lorentz spaces. As applications, with the help of weak atomic decompositions, some interpolation theorems for martingale Hardy-Lorentz spaces are proved.

Weak martingale Hardy spaces and weak atomic decompositions

In this paper we define some weak martingale Hardy spaces and three kinds of weak atoms. They are the counterparts of martingale Hardy spaces and atoms in the classical martingale Hp-theory. And then three atomic decomposition theorems for martingales in weak martingale Hardy spaces are proved. With the help of the weak atomic decompositions of martingale, a sufficient condition for a sublinear operator defined on the weak martingale Hardy spaces to be bounded is given. Using the sufficient condition, we obtain a series of martingale inequalities with respect to the weak Lp-norm, the inequalities of weak (p ,p)-type and some continuous imbedding relationships between various weak martingale Hardy spaces. These inequalities are the weak versions of the basic inequalities in the classical martingale Hp-theory.

ATOMIC DECOATOMIC DECOMPOSITIONS AND DUALS OF WEAK HARDY SPACES OF B-VALUED MARTINGALES

In this article, several weak Hardy spaces of Banach-space-valued martingales are introduced, some atomic decomposition theorems for them are established and their duals are investigated. The results closely depend on the geometrical properties of the Banach space in which the martingales take values.

Atomic Decompositions of Weak Hardy Spaces of B-Valued Martingales

The atomic decompositions of weak Hardy spaces of Banach-space-valued martingales are given. With the help of the atomic decompositions, some inequalities for B-valued martingales are established in the case 0〈r≤1. Here the results are connected closely with the p-uniform smoothness and q-uniform convexity of Banach spaces which the martingales take values in.

Precise measurement of a weak radio frequency electric field using a resonant atomic probe

We present a precise measurement of a weak radio frequency electric field with a frequency of ■3 GHz employing a resonant atomic probe that is constituted with a Rydberg cascade three-level atom, including a cesium ground state |6S(1/2)〉,an excited state |6P(3/2)〉, and Rydberg state |nD(5/2)〉. Two radio frequency(RF) electric fields, noted as local and signal fields, couple the nearby Rydberg transition. The two-photon resonant Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency(Rydberg-EIT) is employed to directly read out the weak signal field having hundreds of k Hz difference between the local and signal fields that is encoded in the resonant microwave-dressed Rydberg atoms. The minimum detectable signal fields of ESmin= 1.36 ± 0.04 mV/m for 2.18 GHz coupling |68D(5/2)〉→ |69P(3/2)〉 transition and 1.33 ± 0.02 mV/m for 1.32 GHz coupling |80D(5/2)〉→ |81P(3/2)〉 transition are obtained, respectively. The bandwidth dependence is also investigated by varying the signal field frequency and corresponding -3 dB bandwidth of 3 MHz is attained. This method can be employed to perform a rapid and precise measurement of the weak electric field, which is important for the atom-based microwave metrology.

Atom interferometers with weak-measurement path detectors and their quantum mechanical analysis

According to the orthodox interpretation of quantum physics, wave-particle duality(WPD) is the intrinsic property of all massive microscopic particles. All gedanken or realistic experiments based on atom interferometers(AI) have so far upheld the principle of WPD, either by the mechanism of the Heisenberg’s position-momentum uncertainty relation or by quantum entanglement. In this paper, we propose and make a systematic quantum mechanical analysis of several schemes of weak-measurement atom interferometer(WM-AI) and compare them with the historical schemes of strongmeasurement atom interferometer(SM-AI), such as Einstein’s recoiling slit and Feynman’s light microscope. As the critical part of these WM-AI setups, a weak-measurement path detector(WM-PD) deliberately interacting with the atomic internal electronic quantum states is designed and used to probe the which-path information of the atom, while only inducing negligible perturbation of the atomic center-of-mass motion. Another instrument that is used to directly interact with the atomic center-of-mass while being insensitive to the internal electronic quantum states is used to monitor the atomic centerof-mass interference pattern. Two typical schemes of WM-PD are considered. The first is the micromaser-cavity path detector, which allows us to probe the spontaneously emitted microwave photon from the incoming Rydberg atom in its excited electronic state and record unanimously the which-path information of the atom. The second is the optical-lattice Bragg-grating path detector, which can split the incoming atom beam into two different directions as determined by the internal electronic state and thus encode the which-path information of the atom into the internal states of the atom. We have used standard quantum mechanics to analyze the evolution of the atomic center-of-mass and internal electronic state wave function by directly solving Schr¨odinger’s equation for the composite atom-electron-photon system in these WM-AIs. We have also compared our analysis with the theoretical and experimental studies that have been presented in the previous literature. The results show that the two sets of instruments can work separately, collectively, and without mutual exclusion to enable simultaneous observation of both wave and particle nature of the atoms to a much higher level than the historical SM-AIs, while avoiding degradation from Heisenberg’s uncertainty relation and quantum entanglement. We have further investigated the space–time evolution of the internal electronic quantum state, as well as the combined atom–detector system and identified the microscopic origin and role of quantum entanglement, as emphasized in numerous previous studies. Based on these physics insights and theoretical analyses, we have proposed several new WM-AI schemes that can help to elucidate the puzzling physics of the WPD of the atoms. The principle of WM-AI scheme and quantum mechanical analyses made in this work can be directly extended to examine the principle of WPD for other massive particles.

Migration of weakly bonded oxygen atoms in a-IGZO thin films and the positive shift of threshold voltage in TFTs

Amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide(a-IGZO)thin films are prepared by pulsed laser deposition and fabricated into thin-film transistor(TFT)devices.In-situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)illustrates that weakly bonded oxygen(O)atoms exist in a-IGZO thin films deposited at high O_(2) pressures,but these can be eliminated by vacuum annealing.The threshold voltage(V_(th))of the a-IGZO TFTs is shifted under positive gate bias,and the Vth shift is positively related to the deposition pressure.A temperature variation experiment in the range of 20 K-300 K demonstrates that an activation energy of 144 meV is required for the Vth shift,which is close to the activation energy required for the migration of weakly bonded O atoms in a-IGZO thin films.Accordingly,the Vth shift is attributed to the acceptor-like states induced by the accumulation of weakly bonded O atoms at the a-IGZO/SiO_(2) interface under positive gate bias.These results provide an insight into the mechanism responsible for the Vth shift of the a-IGZO TFTs and help in the production of reliable designs.

全光法原子磁强计中弱磁信号检测研究进展

准确地探测和测量磁场,特别是极弱磁场(nT级以下),对理解物理世界可以起到更好的辅助作用。随着量子传感、信息、仪器仪表等技术的发展,原子磁场测量技术成为新一代超高灵敏磁场测量技术的发展方向。综述了原子磁强计中信号测量、调制方法、研究进展、设计方案以及实际应用的情况。首先介绍了近年来国内外原子磁强计的研究现状;其次阐述了全光法原子磁强计的基本原理;接着详细讲解了弱磁信号检测原理,并对不同的调制方法进行了比较;最后对弱磁信号高灵敏度的检测在今后的改进方向、应用领域和所面临的挑战进行了展望。

Common-mode noise rejection using fringe-locking method in WEP test by simultaneous dual-species atom interferometers

We theoretically investigate the application of the fringe-locking method（FLM） in the dual-species quantum test of the weak equivalence principle（WEP）.With the FLM,the measurement is performed invariably at the midfringe,and the extraction of the phase shift for atom interferometers is linearized.For the simultaneous interferometers,this linearization enables a good common-mode rejection of vibration noise,which is usually the main limit for high precision WEP tests of the dual-species kind.We note that this method also allows for an unbiased determination of the gravity accelerations difference,which meanwhile is ready to be implemented.

Molecular Structure of Atomic Nucleus

In this work, we extend our work on the Heisenberg model of the neutron formulated as a dwarf hydrogen-like atom under the influence of the More General Exponential Screened Coulomb Potential (MGESCP) to show that an atomic nucleus may possess a molecular structure made up of atoms bonding together by a potential used to describe the strong force associated with a generalised Yukawa MGESCP potential. We show that the neutrons and protons are arranged into narrow lattices therefore they may fold to form three-dimensional shells by bonding similar to hydrogen bonding. In particular, the nucleons may form stable structures such as that of fullerenes in which the vertices are occupied by the nucleons which are simply just protons. For example, a nucleus with a total number of 60 nucleons may arrange itself into the topological structure of a buckminsterfullerene. We also apply Schrödinger wave equation with central field approximation to describe the quantum dynamics of nuclei of atomic atoms that now possess the physical structure of a dwarf molecular ion.

基于磁控溅射的弱电加热结构的设计及测量研究

在高精度原子磁力仪中,原子气室的温度直接影响着碱金属电子自旋的极化率,从而影响磁力仪的灵敏度,因此精确地控制原子气室的温度是实现高精度原子磁力仪应用的关键。基于电加热和回折磁抵消原理,由毕奥-萨伐尔定律推导与简化模型仿真,设计完成了单层和双层结构的微型弱磁电加热结构。通过分别测量单、双层结构表面不同距离、不同电流条件下的磁通密度模,验证了回折单双层线圈结构对电流产生磁场的抑制作用。其中双层回折加热结构比回折结构的电加热剩磁抑制特性提高约6.9倍,在距电加热结构5 mm处的磁场变化率仅为72.2 nT/A,通过对比相同时间、相同工作电流的加热效应,可以发现双层具有更快的温度响应。研究表明双层回折设计可以实现原子气室弱剩磁高精度的加热方式,为原子极化提供一种简单、快速的电加热方案。

Left Chiral Solutions for the Hydrogen Atom of the Wave Equation for Electron + Neutrino

The resolution of our wave equation for electron + neutrino is made in the case of the H atom. From two non-classical potentials, we get chiral solutions with the same set of quantum numbers and the same energy levels as those coming from the Dirac equation for the lone electron. These chiral solutions are available for each electronic state in any atom. We discuss the implications of these new potentials.

基于原子磁场探测的弱电流计量校准技术发展现状

随着原子磁力计灵敏度的迅速提高,原子系综磁场测量的应用范围逐渐扩大。近年来,已经有若干研究将原子磁力计用于微弱电流测量,研究结果揭示了这种测量方法在增强电流稳定性方面的潜力。借助原子磁力计的高灵敏度特性,通过电流产生的磁场监测电流的微弱变化,使用磁场测量结果进行反馈来稳定电流。主要阐述了原子磁场探测的基本原理以及其在电流计量领域的应用现状,并分析了使用原子磁力计进行电流测量的关键影响因素,展望了该技术的发展态势。

Web事务的弱原子性与正确性标准

事务处理是现代应用系统的基础支撑部件,也是Web服务能否成功支持商务应用的关键技术。但由于环境的高度分布与自治性,传统的可串行化理论已不能再作为Web事务的正确性标准。本文放松了事务的原子性规定,将事务看作由若干原子单元组成的偏序集,并将可串行性扩展为事务的弱可串行性,作为事务的正确性标准。文章最后给出了一个完全分布式的事务并发控制算法,用以实现弱串行性的判定。

基于原子干涉仪的微观粒子弱等效原理检验

等效原理是广义相对论的两个基本假设之一,也是爱因斯坦对弱等效原理的推广.目前,大量实验证明弱等效原理在一定的实验精度内是成立的.将引力与标准模型统一起来的新理论都要求弱等效原理破缺,因此更高精度的弱等效原理检验具有重要的科学意义.本文介绍了原子干涉仪的原理,回顾了利用原子干涉仪开展微观粒子弱等效原理检验实验研究的历史和现状,介绍了双组分原子干涉仪检验弱等效原理实验涉及的振动噪声抑制、拉曼光移频与相位噪声抑制、四波双衍射拉曼跃迁原子干涉、信号探测与数据处理等关键问题及研究进展,分析了高精度微观粒子弱等效原理检验研究的发展趋势,介绍了长基线原子干涉仪、空间原子干涉仪、超冷原子源以及纠缠原子源制备等方面的研究动态,展望了微观粒子弱等效原理检验研究的发展前景.

基于匹配追踪算法阈值改进的MIMO-OFDM信道估计研究

对于MIMO-OFDM系统信道估计的研究在国内外已经取得了一定的成果,其中采用CoSaMP算法进行信道估计时支撑候选集的选择尤为重要。采用CoSaMP算法对MIMO-OFDM信道进行估计,并在此基础上引入原子弱选择标准对候选集进行更进一步的优化,使改进后的CoSaMP算法在达到自适应的同时提高运算速率,达到信道估计算法自适应的目的。实验结果表明,对CoSaMP算法的候选集选择添加阈值后进行重构信号时复杂度降低,提高了运算速率,同时均方根误差较CoSaMP算法和OMP算法都有一定的提高。

关于Marcinkiewicz积分高阶交换子在弱Hardy空间中的有界性

设μΩ带非光滑核Ω的Marcinkiewicz积分算子，m是正整数，肛μΩ,b^m是算子μΩ与BMO函数b产生的m阶交换子．利用原子分解和Littlewood—Paley技术，该文建立了高阶交换子μΩ,b^m在一类原子型弱Hardy空间WHb,m^p（0〈p≤1）中的有界性．

弱Orlicz鞅空间的弱原子分解及其应用

对3类由凹函数生成的弱Orlicz鞅空间建立了相应的弱原子分解.作为应用,首先给出了这些弱Orlicz鞅空间上次线性算子有界的一个充分条件,并在此基础上证明了一些弱型鞅不等式,然后证明了关于这些弱Orlicz鞅空间的Marcinkiewicz型插值定理.

弱光场中氢原子的稳定性

考虑一个处在弱光场中的经典氢原子系统 ,运用直接微扰方法求出了该系统微扰解的一般形式 ,并给出了解有界的条件。分析结果表明 ,在一般情况下 ,氢原子的微扰解是无界的 ,因而系统是Lyapunov不稳定的 ,但在解有界的条件满足时 ,系统则是Lyapunov稳定的。

两指标弱鞅的原子分解

建立了两指标弱鞅Hardy空间ω∑_p和ω(?)_p的原子分解定理,证明了这些空间上次线性算子有界的充分条件.由此建立的一系列鞅不等式,表明了两指标弱鞅Hardy空间之间的连续嵌入关系.