Poverty Alleviation in Xundian Hui and Yi Autonomous County by Promoting Labor Migration

The transfer of rural population to urban areas is the inevitable result of China s economic development,and going out to work is an important poverty alleviation model for poor areas to adapt to this historical trend.Studying its typical practices not only has practical guidance and reference for targeted poverty alleviation and poverty alleviation work,but also has important implications for how to rationally allocate regional population,resources,environment and economy.This paper investigates and explores the labor migration-promoting poverty alleviation model in Xundian Hui and Yi Autonomous County in the Wumeng mountainous area,a national concentrated and contiguous poverty-stricken area.On the basis of sorting out the leadership system,training methods,assistance ideas,working mechanism and poverty alleviation achievements,the income of 50 poverty-free households in 2018 was investigated and analyzed specifically.The results show that the poverty alleviation in Xundian County has achieved significant achievements both in macro and individual farmers,and it has played a decisive role in getting rid of poverty for households with migrant workers.In addition,the successful experience of Xundian County to increase income and get rid of poverty is sorted out,and the problems existing in this model are analyzed.It is believed that attention should be paid to the impact of labor migration on rural land use and citizenization of migrant workers.

Land Suitability Evaluation of Zanthoxylum schinifolium in Dry and Hot Valley of Jinsha River: A Case Study of Jiaopingdu Town of Luquan Yi and Miao Autonomous County,Yunnan Province

According to the recent practice in Laopingzi Village,Jiaopingdu Town,Luquan Yi and Miao Autonomous County(Luquan County hereinafter)in dry and hot valley of Jinsha River,the development of Zanthoxylum schinifolium Sieb.et Zucc planting industry can help farmers gradually get rid of poverty and achieve a virtuous cycle of ecological environment.It is a sustainable poverty alleviation way.Based on the three aspects of soil properties,climatic conditions,and topographical conditions influencing the growth of Z.schinifolium,this paper selected eight evaluation factors to establish a suitability evaluation system for Z.schinifolium,used the analytic hierarchy process to determine the indicator,and determined the weight of the evaluation indicators.Besides,it calculated the comprehensive suitability index of land suitability of Z.schinifolium and evaluated the suitability of Z.schinifolium land in Jiaopingdu Town of Luquan County.The results showed that the suitable area for the cultivation of Z.schinifolium in Jiaopingdu Town reached 7270.78 ha,accounting for 88.69%of the study area;the area of unsuitable land was 922.07 ha,accounting for 11.31%of the study area.Among the suitable land areas,the high suitability area reached562.99 ha,accounting for 7.79%;the moderate suitability area was 2206.76 ha,accounting for 28.61%;the low suitability area was4599.03 ha,accounting for 63.6%.Based on the results of suitability evaluation,it came up with pertinent recommendations for the development of Z.schinifolium industry in Jiaopingdu Town.

Spatial Pattern of Rural Settlements in the Upper Reaches of the Minjiang River——a Case Study in Maoxian County, Sichuan

A quantitative analysis of the spatial pattern of rural settlements in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River was made with the major data sources being the relevant ETM image and the national geographical database of China （including contour line, fiver and road） at the scale of 1：250000, and using image interpretation and field investigation to obtain spatial information on rural settlements. The results of the spatial analysis technique of GIS and correlation analysis showed that most settlements （78.2 %） were located in the mountain area at 1500-2700 m altitude, and almost half in the arid valley area. More than 80.0 % of settlements had their slopes above 15°. Most settlements had good access to water resources, roads and communications, and tended to cluster close to the road network rather than the fiver. About half of the rural settlements in the study area were relatively concentrated, while the others were decentralized. Those with higher altitude usually had land with steep slope, inconvenient water and road accesses, and were located far apart from each other. In view of such a situation, further research should be done to make reasonable countermeasures on these settlements for better living conditions and ecosystem stability.

Industrial Poverty Alleviation Model in Southwestern High-altitude Mountainous Areas of China——A Case Study of Industrial Poverty Alleviation of Xueshan Township in Luquan County of Yunnan Province through Planting Codonopsis pilosula

Due to the severe restrictions of natural conditions and ecological environment,high-altitude mountainous areas usually become the " hard bones" in the battle against poverty. Xueshan Township,Luquan Yi and Miao Autonomous County of Yunnan Province,located in the alpine valley of Jinsha River,is a major township with wide and deep poverty,and the incidence of poverty is up to 45. 00%. In recent years,Xueshan Township has insisted on the battle against poverty,made effort to develop the Codonopsis pilosula industry,and successfully developed a road to poverty alleviation through C. pilosula industry,and formed a unique industrial poverty alleviation model by the end of 2018,the incidence of poverty dropped to 0. 74%. Based on field survey and interview,this paper analyzes and summarizes the specific practices,main results,practical experience and promotion and application measures of the poverty alleviation model of C. pilosula planting industry in Xueshan Township,in the hope of providing certain reference for the targeted poverty alleviation in similar areas in Yunnan Province and other provinces of China.

Poverty Alleviation in the Poor Mountainous Areas of Western China by Supporting Industry: A Case Study of Xundian Hui and Yi Autonomous County in Yunnan Province

Poverty alleviation by supporting industry is a key measure to promote the poverty alleviation of relocated households. Taking Xundian County, the first county in Yunnan Province that has been lifted out of poverty, as an research case, this article analyzes and summarizes the industry-supporting poverty alleviation achievements and successful experience of two typical relocation areas (Shanhou Village and Eyang Village) in Xundian County. Practice has shown that the key to industry-supporting poverty alleviation lies in targetedness to strengthen the participation of poor farmers in industrial development. The interests of poverty alleviation entities should be linked by market mechanism to establish a benign interaction between all parties for win-win situation, thereby effectively guaranteeing the long-term and healthy development of poverty alleviation by supporting industry.

National Policy Change＇s Influence on the Landscape Pattern in Maoxian County

Landscape pattern analysis is becoming the core to study global or local change. Incorporated with fast, dynamic and precise spatial information technology, Landscape pattern analysis has been a foundation for the governments to make decision. In this paper, Maoxian county, located in the northwest of Sichuan Province, was selected as the study area. Landsat TM data in 1994 and Landsat ETM data in 2002, with dates are just same as the time of national policy changes, are classified to make the landscape patterns change. The result indicates that, from 1994 to 2002, owing to the policies of the project of wild wood resource protect and the project of returning land for farming to forestry （grass）, the forests has increased about 2.68%, Natural meadow has increased about 0.83%, Shrubby has increased about 0.63%, Farm land has decreased about 4.10% and the fragment of forests in 2002 is lower than in 1994. This states that the national policy actioned during 1990s have much positive influence on the landscape patterns in Maoxian county.

美国黄松在陕西黄土丘陵山地引种效果分析

麟游秦家沟地处陕西黄土丘陵山地,具有与美国落基山黄松原产地相似的生态条件。10年的引种生长效果表明,美国黄松在引种地能正常生长发育,适应性强且无任何病害,初步显示出其速生潜力。与黄土高原的延安树木园和榆林黑龙潭树木园比较,陕西麟游秦家沟的美国黄松具有较大的生长量:10年生树高年生长量21.4cm,胸径年生长量达到0.359cm;与本地乡土树种油松比较,美国黄松胸径生长量显著大于油松,树高接近油松。同一坡向不同部位栽植的美国黄松生长差异较大,台地上最好,坡面次之,沟间地生长不良。

The Research on Wooden Arched Bridges and Traditional Villages' Environmental Image in East Fujian Province of China——A Case Study of Youxi Ancient Village in Shouning County of East Fujian

By taking Youxi Village which was the typical village with wooden arched bridges in East Fujian for example, it had discussed landforms, geology, soil, climate and vegetation in natural environment which could be perceived and village's cultural and historical background. Based on relevant research results in academic field, it had studied the relationship between wooden arched bridges and villages' environment in East Fujian, and further analyzed the relation of wooden arched bridges as traditional architectural heritages with village's living condition and history. On this basis, it had analyzed imaginability of natural environment of Youxi Village from the aspects of village's site and stream's trend, and imaginability of cultural environment by taking Wenming Bridge, Liren Bridge and Zhangkeng Bridge for example. It was considered that wooden arched bridge was the consolidation of natural environment and had been the recognizable image at villages of East Fujian, manifesting heavy cultural characteristic.

三峡库区耕地利用变化及其对策研究——以重庆市忠县为例

在分析忠县近55年来耕地数量动态变化的基础上,着重对三峡二期施工以来1996～2003年忠县耕地资源数量增减状况及构成进行了详尽的剖析,揭示了忠县耕地利用变化的主要原因,提出了耕地保护开发的对策。分析表明,忠县耕地数量变化有一定增减波动,但整体呈明显减少之势。农业结构调整占地占耕地总减少量的82.25%,是忠县耕地减少的主要原因;其次是非农建设占地和水域淹没,分别占总减少量的4.32%和13.22%;新增加的耕地构成中,开荒仍是目前耕地增加的主要来源,其次是农业结构调整,二者分别占耕地总增加量的71.92%和21.88%。严格控制非农建设占用耕地,提高耕地的比较经济效益,加强耕地的整理、复垦和开发工作,加强以农田水利基本建设为重点的综合治理,严格控制人口数量,提高人口素质等是耕地保护开发的主要对策。

快速城市化地区土地利用效益评价——以南京市江宁区为例

作为衡量土地利用可持续性的重要标度,土地利用效益评价是近年来国内外城市土地研究的热点之一。从社会、经济、生态与环境等四方面建立了快速城市化地区土地利用效益评价的指标体系,利用层次分析法确定各指标权重,构建各效益子系统的协调度评价模型。并对南京市江宁区2003年的土地利用效益进行了综合评价,结果表明,全区总体土地利用效益适中且基本协调,但各乡镇间土地利用效益及其协调性的区域差异显著。依据各乡镇土地利用总效益及其协调度的聚类分级,可将全区划分为土地利用高效协调区、高效基本协调区、高效不协调区、中效协调区、中效基本协调区、中效不协调区与低效基本协调区等七大土地利用效益类型区,并分析了其区域差异的空间特征。

Reconstruction Mode of Rural Dilapidated Houses in Alpine and Gorge Area of Southwest China——A Case Study of Scientific Identification and Precision Reconstruction of Rural Dilapidated Houses in Luquan County,Yunnan Province

The transformation of dilapidated houses in rural areas is not only a livelihood project related to the broad masses of rural people,but also a major project to win the battle against poverty. Luquan Yi and Miao Autonomous County,Yunnan Province,located in the high mountain and gorge area along Jinsha River,is one of the key counties of poverty alleviation and development with a wide range of poverty and a deep degree of poverty. The incidence of poverty is 22. 21%. Housing security is the focus,difficulty and emphasis of poverty alleviation in this county,the number of dilapidated houses is large,the type is complex,the transformation is difficult,and the implementation cost is high.Since the beginning of 2017,Luquan County has faced difficulties,explored in depth,pioneered and innovated,and completed the renovation of 54 801 dilapidated houses in an all-round way. It created a road full of characteristics and effectiveness of rural dilapidated housing transformation,and explored a set of effective scientific identification and accurate transformation models for rural dilapidated housing worthy of reference and promotion. Successful renovation of dilapidated houses,combined with industrial poverty alleviation,education poverty alleviation,health poverty alleviation and other accurate poverty alleviation measures,have made Luquan County win a decisive victory in the fight against poverty. By the end of December 2018,the incidence of poverty in the county had dropped to 0. 54%,and 115 poor villages( including 83 extremely poor villages) had successfully shaken off poverty. This paper analyzes and summarizes the concrete methods,main effects,characteristics and bright spots,successful experience,and reference significance of the scientific identification and precise transformation mode of rural dilapidated houses in this county,so as to provide a necessary reference for the transformation of rural dilapidated houses in Yunnan Province and even poor counties in similar provinces( cities and districts).

The Model of Health Poverty Alleviation in Poor Mountainous Areas in Southwest China: A Case Study of "5 + 5" Model of Health Poverty Alleviation in Xundian County

Carrying out health poverty alleviation and ensuring the security of basic medical care for the poor are important contents for China to implement the strategy of targeted poverty alleviation and win the battle to get rid of poverty. Xundian Hui and Yi Autonomous County in Yunnan Province is a national poor county integrating ' nationality,poverty,mountainous area and old revolutionary base area'. In recent years,based on the actual situation,Xundian County has explored an effective way of health poverty alleviation. It has effectively prevented the phenomenon of poverty caused by illness and returning to poverty due to illness,and effectively ensured that Xundian County has successfully achieved the goal of getting rid of poverty. Xundian County finally got rid of the shadow of ' poverty' for more than 30 years to become one of the first batch of counties in Yunnan Province to get rid of poverty. This paper makes great efforts to analyze and summarize the specific methods,main achievements,successful experience,lessons and reference about health poverty alleviation in Xundian County. At the same time,it also studies and analyzes the main problems existing in the model,and puts forward the corresponding measures and suggestions,in order to provide a reference for health poverty alleviation in other poor areas.

Changes in Utilization of Contracted Land in Xundian County of Yunnan Province in the Background of Poverty Alleviation

The gradual migration of rural population to cities is an inevitable result of the sustainable development of China’s society and economy.Going out to work is not only a personal behavior of farmers in line with this historical trend,and in the present moment,it is also an important measure to win the battle against poverty.Xundian Yi and Hui Autonomous County is located in the northeast of Yunnan Province.It is one of the key counties in China’s poverty alleviation and development work.Through the implementation of special measures to increase labor income,a total of 125611 rural laborers were employed from 2014 to 2018,and as a result,a large number of farmers have been lifted out of poverty.However,under this model,the transfer of a large number of rural laborers also has an impact on the utilization of contracted land of migrant households,mainly demonstrated by land abandonment,decline in land use efficiency and decline in land productivity,which are not conducive to the sustainable use and protection of land resources.To this end,based on field research,this article analyzes the changes in the utilization of land of migrant households under the poverty alleviation model of working outside,as well as their impact.In addition,the questionnaire survey of the registered poverty-stricken households show that the area and productivity of land owned by households with migrant workers are on a downward trend compared to those before and those of households without migrant workers.Land transfer is a feasible means to solve this problem and to consolidate the achievements of poverty alleviation and sustainable use of land resources.It is suggested that great attention should be paid to the contract and management issue of land left by migrant households,establishment of efficient guarantee mechanism,improvement of land utilization and promotion of saving and intensive use of land resources to bring the land resources to their proper value.

Origin of Little Missouri River - South Fork Grand River and nearby Drainage Divides in Harding County, South Dakota and Adjacent Eastern Montana, USA

Barbed tributaries flowing in southeast directions, an asymmetric drainage divide with both the South Fork Grand River and the North Fork Moreau River, and the Jump-off escarpment-surrounded basin (interpreted here to be a large abandoned headcut) are examples of topographic map evidence suggesting the north oriented Little Missouri River valley eroded headward across a large southeast oriented anastomosing complex of ice-marginal melt water flood flow channels that once crossed Harding County, South Dakota. Additional evidence includes southeast oriented tributaries to the northeast oriented South Fork Grand River and multiple divide crossings (e.g. through valleys and wind gaps) on the Boxelder Creek-Little Missouri River divide (in eastern Montana and west of the Little Missouri River) and suggests deep regional erosion occurred as the north oriented Little Missouri River valley eroded headward into and across the region. Harding County is located south and west of the southwest limit of coarse-grained glacial erratic material and ice-marginal melt water flow routes logically should have crossed it. Deep melt water erosion of Harding County and adjacent eastern Montana regions to the west is not consistent with many previous drainage history and glacial history interpretations, but is consistent with deep erosion by continental ice sheets.

黄土高原生态脆弱区循环经济发展模式研究——以甘肃省陇西县为例

甘肃省陇西县是黄土高原生态脆弱贫困区的典型代表,她的发展面临两对基本矛盾和两难选择。一是农业社会发展阶段与全面建设小康社会目标的矛盾,二是社会经济贫困与生态环境脆弱的矛盾,与之相对应必然存在两难选择(既要发展经济,同时又要保护环境)。以生态经济为核心的循环经济是解决这两大矛盾,实现区域经济与生态环境良性循环和可持续发展的必由之路。本文从分析陇西县经济发展面临的突出问题入手,研究了切合黄土高原生态脆弱典型区———陇西县实际的循环经济发展模式,提出了发展循环经济的对策建议。

植被生产力的空间分布研究——以黄河小花间卢氏以上流域为例

为验证生态系统模型Biome-BGC在流域尺度的适用性,以小浪底—花园口区间(小花间)洛河上游卢氏水文站以上流域作为研究区进行探讨。应用Biome-BGC计算研究区4种自然植被净初级生产力(NPP)的空间分布,并于2004年7月在卢氏县东安林场用LI-6400便携式光合仪进行日光合作用测量。结果表明:研究区植被的年总净初级生产力为1 90067×1012gC;落叶阔叶林、常绿针叶林、灌木林和草地的年净初级生产力分别为603 2gCm-2a-1、416 1gCm-2a-1、263 8gCm-2a-1、149 2gCm-2a-1;研究区东部山区及河谷地区、西部山区的植被净初级生产力较高,中部地区较低;与测量结果相比,常绿针叶林的日光合值接近模型的输出值,落叶阔叶林和灌木林的日光合值小于模型的输出值,草地的年净初级生产力大于模型的输出值。该模型较好地拟合了研究区植被生产力的空间特征,对中小尺度的流域模拟有很好的适用性。

乡村产业结构评价——以云南省永胜县为例

乡村产业结构的合理化对农村经济、农民收入、农业生产决策及国民经济发展都有着重要意义,对这种合理化的评价一直是乡村地理学与农业经济学的重要研究内容。在探讨乡村产业结构内涵的基础上,利用产值结构指标、劳动力构成指标和结构变动度指标建立乡村产业结构的评价指标体系,并以此对云南省永胜县近20年来产业结构演化进行个案评价。结果表明,永胜县乡村产业结构正向合理化方向发展,但还存在自然资源尚未得到合理利用、三次产业不协调与农业内部结构不合理、不协调等主要问题,有待进一步完善、合理化。研究同时指出了永胜县乡村产业结构调整的基本对策,即调整农业发展方向,持续稳定的发展农业;以食品加工业为乡镇企业发展突破口,积极发展第三产业。

黟县古村落海外旅游市场研究

在大量的实地调研基础上,以西递、宏村、南屏为代表,对黟县古村落海外旅游市场进行了研究。黟县古村落海外客源市场时间分布表现在:海外游客接待量起伏较大,近年来急剧增长;季节性波动显著,呈单峰型分布;海外游客大部分集中于宏村(2002年达85%)。并进一步对黟县古村落海外旅游市场结构、地域结构、国别结构进行了分析,并划分出其目标市场。在此基础上,提出5项措施和建议:①大力开发海外冬季旅游市场;②丰富旅游产品结构;③突出各自特点,形成区域旅游格局;④加强景区管理,不断提升黟县古村落旅游地形象;⑤大力宣传促销,扩大知名度和影响力。

Development of Rural Tourism Industry under the Background of New Rural Construction : A Case Study of Henghe of Boluo County in Huizhou City

Henghe Town in Boluo County of Huizhou is taken as the research object for analysis.The research and analysis on the tourism industry in Henghe Town of Boluo County are conducted,and the basic situation of rural tourism construction in Henghe Town is sorted out.The forms of tourism industry in Henghe Town and the problems in rural tourism development are identified,and some targeted suggestions and countermeasures are proposed.It hopes to provide ideas and references for the construction of beautiful rural areas in mountainous areas of Guangdong Province,and theoretical reference and practical significance for the development of rural tourism in mountainous areas of Guangdong Province.

Analysis of the Land Use Structure in Alpine Valley Area of Jinsha River:Taking Xueshan Township,Luquan County,Yunnan Province as an Example

Oriented by ecological,production and living functions of land,this paper analyzes the status of land use in Xueshan Township,Luquan County,Yunnan Province using the method of assignment.The land is classified into general production land,production and ecological land,general living land,living and production land,living and ecological land,general ecological land and ecological and production land.The result is compared with the classification system of the second national land survey.In theory,the classification system of ecological land,living land and production land is constructed.Taking Xueshan Township,Luquan County,a typical alpine valley area of Jinsha River as an example,based on the survey data on the changes of land use in Xueshan Township in Luquan County in 2016,this paper analyzes the distribution of ecological land,living land and production land in Xueshan Township.The results show that in Xueshan Township,ecological land(including general ecological land and ecological and production land)has the largest proportion(54.84%)in area,followed by production land(including general production land and production and ecological land)(44.41%),and living land(including general living land and living and production land)has the lowest proportion(only 0.75%).In overall,the distribution of production land and ecological land in Xueshan Township is not reasonable enough.For example,the proportion of dry land with a slope bigger than 15°and serious oil erosion in the township is currently 79.23%,among which,the dry land with a slope bigger than 25°and particularly serious soil erosion accounts for 52.88%.Therefore,it is necessary to gradually take measures to convert cultivated land into forests and further optimize the structure and spatial configuration of ecological land,living land and production land.