The victorious convening of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)has indicated China’s major-country diplomacy with its own characteristics has entered a new era.Rooted in China’s diplomati...The victorious convening of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)has indicated China’s major-country diplomacy with its own characteristics has entered a new era.Rooted in China’s diplomatic practices since the 18th National Congress of the CPC and the report to the 19th National Congress of the CPC,this paper is intended to elaborate on the issues relating to the concepts and principles of China’s major-country diplomacy with its own characteristics for a new era,in a bid to establish a basic framework for their studies.The core concepts of China’s major-country diplomacy with its own characteristics for a new era include a community with a shared future for humanity;inclusive development;amity,sincerity,mutual benefit,and inclusiveness;and the correct view on righteousness and interests.And the basic principles of China’s major-country diplomacy with its own characteristics for a new era include being enthusiastic and pressing on;bottom-line thinking;win-win cooperation;and mutual consultation,joint construction and co-sharing.These concepts and principles should be applied in China’s concrete diplomatic practices.展开更多
It was under extremely complex background at home and abroad that the Communist Party of China proposed to form a coalition government. Domestically, the Kuomintang was faced with military defeat and political crisis ...It was under extremely complex background at home and abroad that the Communist Party of China proposed to form a coalition government. Domestically, the Kuomintang was faced with military defeat and political crisis while the strength of the Communist Party of China grew increasingly. Besides, the Constitutionalism Movement launched by democratic parties failed. Internationally, the proposal of a coalition government was inspired politically by some European countries and promoted by the US-Soviet policies towards China. It had a significant impact on domestic and international situation at that time and pointed out the direction of Chinese political model for Chinese people.展开更多
The writings of Soren Kierkegaard provide a theological and philosophical foundation as experienced in the life of a tragic hero and a knight of faith. It will be shown that the ethical dimensions as experienced by Ab...The writings of Soren Kierkegaard provide a theological and philosophical foundation as experienced in the life of a tragic hero and a knight of faith. It will be shown that the ethical dimensions as experienced by Abraham in ＂Fear and Trembling＂ provide a core ontology in the lives of Jan Patocka and Viktor Frankl. Jan Parocka developed a phenomenological, Kierkegaardian, existential approach in his writings and lectures that enabled him to undergo his interrogations by the Czech communist secret police. The World War II concentration camp experiences of Viktor Frankl led him to develop a Kierkegaardian, existential, noetic approach to discover meaning under inhuman living conditions. We, as humans, are searching for a spiritual core to transcendence, as seen in the writings of Kierkeggard to reach beyond ourselves in the fully human dimension of the good, the true, and the beautiful in faith and in love. Special attention will be given to the lives of Patocka, Frankl, and how Kierkegaard＇s theology and philosophy contribute a transhistorical, phenomenological, existential, meaning-centered approach to understanding trauma, especially in the lives of returning veterans and their families.展开更多
Ch＇en Tu-hsiu （1879-1942）, co-founder of the Chinese Communist Party （CCP）, was one of the major intellectual figures who strongly advocated anti-Confucianism during the May Fourth Movement in 1919 on the basis t...Ch＇en Tu-hsiu （1879-1942）, co-founder of the Chinese Communist Party （CCP）, was one of the major intellectual figures who strongly advocated anti-Confucianism during the May Fourth Movement in 1919 on the basis that in order for China to survive in the modem world, it was necessary for China to reject the totally outdated tradition of Confucianism and adopt wholeheartedly Western methods and ideas, such as individualism and even Christianity. While the hard-line conservatives viewed that the way to reform China was in upholding Confucianism as unifying factor, Ch＇en viewed Confucianism as a formless philosophy that kept China back from the process of modernization.展开更多
Established during the long years of revolutionary struggle and the founding of the People＇s Republic of China （PRC）, the Communist Party of China（CPC）-led decision-making system has a historical rationality. Bef...Established during the long years of revolutionary struggle and the founding of the People＇s Republic of China （PRC）, the Communist Party of China（CPC）-led decision-making system has a historical rationality. Before China＇s reform and opening-up was implemented in 1978, the decision-making system highlighted centralization which led to disadvantages such as non-existent specialized division of functions, a low level of institutionalization, heavy reliance on experience, an enclosed decision-making mode and non-existent self-correction mechanisms. These disadvantages were institutional factors which ultimately caused the historic tragedy of ＂ Cultural Revolution. ＂After the reform and opening-up, the decision-making structure, mode and mechanism were reformed in order to promote scientific, democratic and law-based decisions. History has shown that the reform has successfully overcome various challenges brought about by China＇s rapidly changing economy and society. From the perspective of political development, the reform has promoted several transitions： from individual controlled decision-making system to a more democratic decision-making process, from being empirical to scientifically-based, from highly centralized decision-making organizations to decentralized one, from an enclosed mode to an open mode, from passive to active participation in the decision-making process and from a non-institutionalized to an institutionalized system. Therefore, the CPC-led open decision-making model based on science and laws and participated by other parties has taken an initial shape.展开更多
Since the 18th Party Congress in 2012, there has been a steady stream of articles in the Chinese press discussing the ＂Chinese Dream＂ It is a dream of national rejuvenation, of China taking its rightful place in the...Since the 18th Party Congress in 2012, there has been a steady stream of articles in the Chinese press discussing the ＂Chinese Dream＂ It is a dream of national rejuvenation, of China taking its rightful place in the world. There is no definition of national rejuvenation： nobody knows what it will look like. According to the Chinese leadership, the future models must be found from domestic soil and tradition. Traditionally, China was seen as a civilization at the center of All-Under- Heaven, a non-hegemonic power which relied to force only in order to protect itself against outside aggression. There are two upcoming centennials that serve as major milestones along the way to the rejuvenation, namely the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party in 2021, and the establishment of the People＇s Republic in 2049. The celebrations then will reveal if China follows this ancient tradition of benevolence, peacefulness and wisdom.展开更多
Over the course of the epochal 30 years, i.e., from the founding of People＇s Republic of China in 1949 till the launching of Chinese economic reform in 1978, the Communist Party of China （CPC） underwent a tremendou...Over the course of the epochal 30 years, i.e., from the founding of People＇s Republic of China in 1949 till the launching of Chinese economic reform in 1978, the Communist Party of China （CPC） underwent a tremendous transformation from the founding to the ruling party of the country. The present research examines the historical, social as well as political aspects of the identity crisis and the CPC was suffering from in its adventurous efforts to chart a course for the socialist transformation of China. It was tempted to resume its leadership role in the revolution given the mounting tension generated by the Cold War and the prevailing revolutionary beliefs within the Party. Nevertheless, it was obliged to restore the country＇s social and political order after the sweeping national reform. In search of an adequate interpretation for the various attempts the Party made in exploring its refreshed identity, hence resolving the crisis, the study focuses on a similar crisis which befell the Party leader, Mao Zedong, in his own struggle against the con- fusion caused by his potentially double role as the head of both a founding and a ruling party. The study suggests that Mao＇s misidentification of his own political role inevitably led to the Party＇s dysfunctions, and closer investigation into the leader＇s personal dilemma offers new insight into such tragic events as the Anti- Rightist Movement, the Great Leap Forward, and the Cultural Revolution.展开更多
During the past decades, while the Chinese Communist Party （CCP） has continued to consolidate its political leadership and refused to tolerate any opposition parties, intra-party democracy has been emphasized repeat...During the past decades, while the Chinese Communist Party （CCP） has continued to consolidate its political leadership and refused to tolerate any opposition parties, intra-party democracy has been emphasized repeatedly and expanded vigorously by Chinese Communist leaders as an alternative to electoral democracy or liberal democracy characterized by multiparty competition. Various democratic experiments have been conducted and many democratic elements introduced at all levels in the CCP. Although the growth of intra-party democracy is limited, these great efforts and achievements have profound implications for China＇s democratic future. The growth of intra-party democracy not only reflects the CCP＇s continuous efforts to institutionalize the rules of elite politics and fight against widespread corruption, but might also provide a good approach for political transition to democracy with Chinese characteristics in the future.展开更多
文摘The victorious convening of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)has indicated China’s major-country diplomacy with its own characteristics has entered a new era.Rooted in China’s diplomatic practices since the 18th National Congress of the CPC and the report to the 19th National Congress of the CPC,this paper is intended to elaborate on the issues relating to the concepts and principles of China’s major-country diplomacy with its own characteristics for a new era,in a bid to establish a basic framework for their studies.The core concepts of China’s major-country diplomacy with its own characteristics for a new era include a community with a shared future for humanity;inclusive development;amity,sincerity,mutual benefit,and inclusiveness;and the correct view on righteousness and interests.And the basic principles of China’s major-country diplomacy with its own characteristics for a new era include being enthusiastic and pressing on;bottom-line thinking;win-win cooperation;and mutual consultation,joint construction and co-sharing.These concepts and principles should be applied in China’s concrete diplomatic practices.
文摘It was under extremely complex background at home and abroad that the Communist Party of China proposed to form a coalition government. Domestically, the Kuomintang was faced with military defeat and political crisis while the strength of the Communist Party of China grew increasingly. Besides, the Constitutionalism Movement launched by democratic parties failed. Internationally, the proposal of a coalition government was inspired politically by some European countries and promoted by the US-Soviet policies towards China. It had a significant impact on domestic and international situation at that time and pointed out the direction of Chinese political model for Chinese people.
文摘The writings of Soren Kierkegaard provide a theological and philosophical foundation as experienced in the life of a tragic hero and a knight of faith. It will be shown that the ethical dimensions as experienced by Abraham in ＂Fear and Trembling＂ provide a core ontology in the lives of Jan Patocka and Viktor Frankl. Jan Parocka developed a phenomenological, Kierkegaardian, existential approach in his writings and lectures that enabled him to undergo his interrogations by the Czech communist secret police. The World War II concentration camp experiences of Viktor Frankl led him to develop a Kierkegaardian, existential, noetic approach to discover meaning under inhuman living conditions. We, as humans, are searching for a spiritual core to transcendence, as seen in the writings of Kierkeggard to reach beyond ourselves in the fully human dimension of the good, the true, and the beautiful in faith and in love. Special attention will be given to the lives of Patocka, Frankl, and how Kierkegaard＇s theology and philosophy contribute a transhistorical, phenomenological, existential, meaning-centered approach to understanding trauma, especially in the lives of returning veterans and their families.
文摘Ch＇en Tu-hsiu （1879-1942）, co-founder of the Chinese Communist Party （CCP）, was one of the major intellectual figures who strongly advocated anti-Confucianism during the May Fourth Movement in 1919 on the basis that in order for China to survive in the modem world, it was necessary for China to reject the totally outdated tradition of Confucianism and adopt wholeheartedly Western methods and ideas, such as individualism and even Christianity. While the hard-line conservatives viewed that the way to reform China was in upholding Confucianism as unifying factor, Ch＇en viewed Confucianism as a formless philosophy that kept China back from the process of modernization.
文摘Established during the long years of revolutionary struggle and the founding of the People＇s Republic of China （PRC）, the Communist Party of China（CPC）-led decision-making system has a historical rationality. Before China＇s reform and opening-up was implemented in 1978, the decision-making system highlighted centralization which led to disadvantages such as non-existent specialized division of functions, a low level of institutionalization, heavy reliance on experience, an enclosed decision-making mode and non-existent self-correction mechanisms. These disadvantages were institutional factors which ultimately caused the historic tragedy of ＂ Cultural Revolution. ＂After the reform and opening-up, the decision-making structure, mode and mechanism were reformed in order to promote scientific, democratic and law-based decisions. History has shown that the reform has successfully overcome various challenges brought about by China＇s rapidly changing economy and society. From the perspective of political development, the reform has promoted several transitions： from individual controlled decision-making system to a more democratic decision-making process, from being empirical to scientifically-based, from highly centralized decision-making organizations to decentralized one, from an enclosed mode to an open mode, from passive to active participation in the decision-making process and from a non-institutionalized to an institutionalized system. Therefore, the CPC-led open decision-making model based on science and laws and participated by other parties has taken an initial shape.
文摘Since the 18th Party Congress in 2012, there has been a steady stream of articles in the Chinese press discussing the ＂Chinese Dream＂ It is a dream of national rejuvenation, of China taking its rightful place in the world. There is no definition of national rejuvenation： nobody knows what it will look like. According to the Chinese leadership, the future models must be found from domestic soil and tradition. Traditionally, China was seen as a civilization at the center of All-Under- Heaven, a non-hegemonic power which relied to force only in order to protect itself against outside aggression. There are two upcoming centennials that serve as major milestones along the way to the rejuvenation, namely the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party in 2021, and the establishment of the People＇s Republic in 2049. The celebrations then will reveal if China follows this ancient tradition of benevolence, peacefulness and wisdom.
文摘Over the course of the epochal 30 years, i.e., from the founding of People＇s Republic of China in 1949 till the launching of Chinese economic reform in 1978, the Communist Party of China （CPC） underwent a tremendous transformation from the founding to the ruling party of the country. The present research examines the historical, social as well as political aspects of the identity crisis and the CPC was suffering from in its adventurous efforts to chart a course for the socialist transformation of China. It was tempted to resume its leadership role in the revolution given the mounting tension generated by the Cold War and the prevailing revolutionary beliefs within the Party. Nevertheless, it was obliged to restore the country＇s social and political order after the sweeping national reform. In search of an adequate interpretation for the various attempts the Party made in exploring its refreshed identity, hence resolving the crisis, the study focuses on a similar crisis which befell the Party leader, Mao Zedong, in his own struggle against the con- fusion caused by his potentially double role as the head of both a founding and a ruling party. The study suggests that Mao＇s misidentification of his own political role inevitably led to the Party＇s dysfunctions, and closer investigation into the leader＇s personal dilemma offers new insight into such tragic events as the Anti- Rightist Movement, the Great Leap Forward, and the Cultural Revolution.
文摘During the past decades, while the Chinese Communist Party （CCP） has continued to consolidate its political leadership and refused to tolerate any opposition parties, intra-party democracy has been emphasized repeatedly and expanded vigorously by Chinese Communist leaders as an alternative to electoral democracy or liberal democracy characterized by multiparty competition. Various democratic experiments have been conducted and many democratic elements introduced at all levels in the CCP. Although the growth of intra-party democracy is limited, these great efforts and achievements have profound implications for China＇s democratic future. The growth of intra-party democracy not only reflects the CCP＇s continuous efforts to institutionalize the rules of elite politics and fight against widespread corruption, but might also provide a good approach for political transition to democracy with Chinese characteristics in the future.
