流动性视角下成都明月村民宿“家”空间转换研究

研究基于流动性视角,以成都明月村为例,运用田野观察等定性研究方法,探讨外来创客、游客和返乡创业者等城乡流动主体有关乡村民宿“家”空间的转换与协商实践。研究发现:城乡流动赋予乡村民宿“家”的丰富意义,源于逆城市化流动主体对民宿“家”的差异化地理想象,民宿因而成为承载城乡流动主体频繁流动、相遇和实践的“家”空间和场所;主体的文化差异与对家的不同地理想象与表达主导着民宿多维度的空间生产实践,并在各自的利益诉求下实现民宿“家”空间的塑造与转换;主体民宿“家”的塑造与转换实践遭遇多元文化相遇、价值利益的冲突与张力,经由主体积极的互动协商,构建了在地化的多层次认同,营造了共建共享共治的社区共同体。

性别与权力:女性主义视角下乡村“家”空间的演变——以成都市明月村为例

立足女性主义视角,以成都明月村为案例进行研究,探究旅游介入下明月村“家”空间演变中女性的成长路径以及性别权力关系的基本架构。研究表明:“权力-资本-人”的作用加速了传统明月村“家”空间的分化与演变,原始化的家庭生活空间被乡村旅游生产挤占,逐渐演变成商业化的生产空间。同时,明月村家庭住宅在不断被功能化和商业化的过程中,现有家庭空间的性别与权力秩序也在发生重构:(1)旅游发展带来的新的生产方式和生产关系拓展了明月村女性的话语空间,女性主体成为家庭供养的重要参与者和直接生产者,逐渐实现家庭话语权从失语向在场、从边缘化向中心化的转移。(2)伴随着女性主体性的成长以及女性话语权的拓展,家庭中的夫妻关系趋于平等化,直接扭转了传统意义上“男尊女卑、男强女弱”的家庭权力格局。

乡村旅游背景下错高村“家”空间重构解释

在乡村旅游发展背景下,聚落的重建使得错高村社区居民“家”空间发生了变化.基于“家”空间理论,以林芝传统古村落错高村为研究对象,从社区居民视角出发,充分运用半结构访谈、问卷调查等方法,对错高村社区居民重建的“家”空间进行分析.研究发现:“家”的重建使得错高村社区居民“家”的空间位置、结构和范围等均发生了变化,居住空间从无序到有序、活动空间多元化、感知空间扩大化、意象空间多样与秩序化以及情感空间波动化.对乡村旅游发展后社区居民“家”空间重构进行解释,有助于社区居民尽快建立对新“家”的认同,进而促进对传统古村落文化遗产的保护与传承.

旅游与竹地摩梭人“家”空间的多维生产及身份认同建构

采用田野调查、参与观察、深度访谈等方法,对旅游背景下竹地摩梭人"家"空间的多维生产与身份认同建构问题进行了研究。结果显示:①竹地摩梭人的宗教信仰及其在不同时代的流转,规约着摩梭村民日常空间实践中的自然观、世界观和道德观,具有心物自洽和身心统一性;竹地摩梭人"家"空间具有系统性,体现在村外层、村寨层、家址层、祖母房和身体层不同尺度空间圈层中,其空间秩序和意义蕴含着丰富的自然生态意识和人地关系;②以旅游为媒介的资本、权力和消费等结构性力量相互交织和渗透,对竹地摩梭人"家"空间带来了微观地理空间的社会关系、文化意义和人地关系的重塑,且具有多维空间的交互辩证生产性;③随着竹地"家"空间的多维生产和微观地理重塑,出现了以人本主义为特征的前因式认同建构、以结构主义为特征的后果式认同建构,以及以"价值认同,情感不认同"和"价值不认同,情感认同"为特征的"中间型"认同建构。竹地摩梭人对"家"空间旅游化实践的身份认同建构,暗含和折射了村民对"家园"和"家国"的认同状况。④竹地"家"空间的旅游化,本质上是传统民族空间资本化的实践过程,归根结底是新时代"地方"对发展路径和方式的选择,但未来需要调适"家"空间资本化和发展异化之间的矛盾。此外,竹地"家"微观地理空间的案例剖析,在理论上补充和延伸了学术界既有"家"的理论研究成果。

乡村旅游地“家”的空间表征与建构——基于市场认知的文本分析

随着旅游的生活转向和城市化的推进,乡村旅游地“家”的空间逐渐成为一种重要的旅游资源。本文以网络游记为材料,采用定量和定性相结合的文本分析方法,探究乡村旅游地“家”的空间表征特征,并在此基础上分析“家”的空间建构策略。研究表明:旅游者从空间要素、结构、功能、价值等多个方面对乡村旅游地“家”的空间加以表征;这种表征具体表现为村庄与景区融合的空间样态、主人与宾客共享的空间权力、物质与社会同构的空间场域、传统与现代交织的空间意蕴;应从供求适配、服务品质、社会认同、文化传承等方面,推动乡村旅游地“家”的空间建构,促进乡村旅游高质量发展。

Expert Classification Method Based on Patch-Based Neighborhood Searching Algorithm

The expert knowledge has been widely used to improve the remotely sensed classification accuracy. Generally, the ex-pert classification system mainly depends on DEM and some thematic maps. The spatial relationship information in pixel level was commonly introduced into the expert classification. Because the geographic objects were found spatially dependent relationship to a certain degree, the commonly used basic unit of spatial relationship information in pixel greatly limited the efficiency of spatial in-formation. A patch-based neighborhood searching algorithm was proposed to implement the expert classification. The homogene-ous spectral unit, patch, was used as the basic unit in the spatial object granularity, and different types of patches' relationship in-formation were obtained through a spatial neighborhood searching algorithm. And then the neighborhood information and DEM data were added into the expert classification system and used to modify the primitive classification errors. In this case, the classi-fication accuracies of wetland, grassland and cropland were obviously improved. In this work, water was used as base object, and different types of water extraction methods were tested to get a result in a high accuracy.

Communicating with Maternal Spaces-Reading Gloria Naylor’s Mama Day with Reference to Luce Irigaray

Focusing on African American novelist Gloria Naylor’s fiction Mama Day, this article intends to analyze Mama Day and George’s distinctive relationships with maternal spaces, particularly based on French philosopher Luce Irigaray’s philosophy concerning maternal spaces and a feminine way of communication. It is to argue that the two characters’ different ways of communicating with the maternal spaces result in their different endings in the narrative, as well as their different degrees of healing, either healing their own wounded relationships with their mothers or healing the disconnection between men and women. This finding unravels Naylor’s implicit ethical and philosophical messages in writing George’s mystic and tragic death. In addition, by engaging Mama Day in active and feminine communication with maternal spaces, Naylor successfully re-establishes “the missing pillar” of the female ancestry that Irigaray observes on Western civilization, thus offering a possibility for a woman to construct her female subjectivity with reference to her maternal origin.

Feminists＇ Culture and Ethics at Work-- A Critical Analysis

The male writers＇ intuitive gift and superb insight describe feminine characters, feminine nature, femaleness, and femininity. In the 19th century, the study of the character logical portrait and cultural traits associated with femininity enunciated feminists＇ discourse to justify vindication of rights as regards women＇s cultural anxiety, political identification, and aesthetic experimentation. Similarly, the women writers＇ imaginative powers characterize women＇s emotions either reflecting shrinking subjectivity or elaborating notion of voluntary subjectivity as regards their experiences and existence, their passions and sensations, and their self and life. The 20th century women＇s writings raised inquiry against presentation of gendered self, performance of gender, gender discontent as regards with their sex and gender, which are assigned at birth as well as also for the alignment of biological sex, sexuality, gender identity, and gender roles. In this paper, the study of the four selected novels such as The Scarlet Letter, Tess of the D ＇Urbervilles, Emma, Surfacing, and Inner Line shows how circumstances, strata of time, and externalities of others objectify woman and her domestic space; how a woman perceives her deprivation as regards her own image which seems nobody to herself due to the sense of low perception; in what way sexual difference and gender-specific practices and ideology enforce woman to chide herself in the given environment and surroundings of legal codifications, moral prescriptions, and medical prognostications. The analyses of the novels draw how woman＇s experience as living subject in the vital dimension of human existence and utopian image of human fellowship is potentially undone by way of sexual exploitation, dismemberment, and embodiment. What kind of vulnerable moments force woman to withdraw from her body and fi＇om her essence is the center of concern in this paper？ While discussing the feminists＇ culture and ethics in their works, the focus is on the essentialized notion of gender-specific discrimination as well as on the frustrating double-consciousness that characterizes the cultural position of the other.

Biosecurity Practices and Geospatial Map of Ontario Backyard Poultry Flocks

The CFO （Chicken Farmers of Ontario） has taken important steps to increase biosecurity practices within backyard poultry flocks in order to thwart infectious diseases. The present study originally intended to describe biosecurity practices within this milieu, so as to determine their nearest neighbor and density, as well as the average distance between backyard and commercial broiler flocks. To that effect, paper questionnaire and survey interviews were used （May-July, 2011）, while backyard and commercial broiler chicken flocks were geocoded. The response rates collected from the study produced these findings regarding： growers＇ health practices toward flocks, hygienic precautions relative to the production area, regularity of bird inspection and cleaning after each folk, protocol used to dispose of dead birds, mixing （or lack thereof） of flocks with other livestock, as well as the average distance between small flocks and commercial farms. The study concludes that education material should focus on improving the growers＇ understanding of issues examined in the study, focusing on areas of weakness in respect to biosecurity practices.

National Policy Change＇s Influence on the Landscape Pattern in Maoxian County

Landscape pattern analysis is becoming the core to study global or local change. Incorporated with fast, dynamic and precise spatial information technology, Landscape pattern analysis has been a foundation for the governments to make decision. In this paper, Maoxian county, located in the northwest of Sichuan Province, was selected as the study area. Landsat TM data in 1994 and Landsat ETM data in 2002, with dates are just same as the time of national policy changes, are classified to make the landscape patterns change. The result indicates that, from 1994 to 2002, owing to the policies of the project of wild wood resource protect and the project of returning land for farming to forestry （grass）, the forests has increased about 2.68%, Natural meadow has increased about 0.83%, Shrubby has increased about 0.63%, Farm land has decreased about 4.10% and the fragment of forests in 2002 is lower than in 1994. This states that the national policy actioned during 1990s have much positive influence on the landscape patterns in Maoxian county.

DATABASE STRUCTURE FOR THE INTEGRATION OF RS WITH GIS BASED ON SEMANTIC NETWORK

The integration of remote sensing (RS) with geographical information system (GIS) is a hotspot in geographical information science.A good database structure is important to the integration of RS with GIS,which should be beneficial to the complete integration of RS with GIS,able to deal with the disagreement between the resolution of remote sensing images and the precision of GIS data,and also helpful to the knowledge discovery and exploitation.In this paper,the database structure storing the spatial data based on semantic network is presented.This database structure has several advantages.Firstly,the spatial data is stored as raster data with space index,so the image processing can be done directly on the GIS data that is stored hierarchically according to the distinguishing precision.Secondly,the simple objects are aggregated into complex ones.Thirdly,because we use the indexing tree to depict the relationship of aggregation and the indexing pictures expressed by 2_D strings to describe the topology structure of the objects,the concepts of surrounding and region are expressed clearly and the semantic content of the landscape can be illustrated well.All the factors that affect the recognition of the objects are depicted in the factor space,which provides a uniform mathematical frame for the fusion of the semantic and non_semantic information.Lastly,the object node,knowledge node and the indexing node are integrated into one node.This feature enhances the ability of system in knowledge expressing,intelligent inference and association.The application shows that this database structure can benefit the interpretation of remote sensing image with the information of GIS.

KGI-XGIS SUPPORTING DECISION MAKING WITH KNOWLEDGE-BASED TECHNIQUES

The concept of the King George Island Expert GIS (KGI_XGIS) is introduced.KGI_XGIS is a combination of a rule_based expert system and a GIS meant to form an intelligent spatial decision support system.The system provides the spatial knowledge necessary for the environmental impact assessment process as dictated by the ’Madrid Protocol’ for King George Island (South Shetland Islands,Antarctica).It also serves as information system to the scientific user community.Topographic maps,remote sensing data,thematic maps based on field surveys and other digital data form the input data to the GIS.Given the sparseness of the available data these must be combined and used in the most efficient way.Therefore expert knowledge of different domains will be coded into a rule_based expert system which is coupled to the GIS.To handle the expert knowledge and the spatial data of different types and different quality the KGI_XGIS incorporates knowledge_based techniques and fuzzy reasoning.The selection of a camp site on the ice free area of Fildes Peninsula and data quality management are used as two examples to demonstrate the capabilities of the system.

Cyberspace： A New Threat to the Sovereignty of the State

This paper discusses one of the contemporary challenging issues--it is the challenge of e-commerce to the sovereignty of the state, where governments are unable to implement their own laws on disputed cases resulting from trans-border e-commerce interactions. The objective of the current research is to draw attention to the impact of international characteristics of e-commerce on the sovereignty of state, and to identify the factors affecting this sovereignty. The issue of the dynamieity of time and place will be taken into consideration, where activities carded out over the internet are characterized by their cross-border dimension. Based on real e-commerce case studies disputed on international level, this paper will draw on the legal perspective of cyberspace, identifying the relationship between cyberspace and state sovereignty, and outlining the mechanisms by which cyberspace could cross borders and the territory of the state despite all the precautions taken by the state to protect its sovereignty.

Research on multiple elimination methods in inverse data space based on randomized singular value decomposition

Based on surfaced-related multiple elimination （SRME） , this research has derived the methods on multiples elimination in the inverse data space. Inverse data processing means moving seismic data from forward data space （FDS） to inverse data space （ IDS） . The surface-related multiples and primaries can then be sepa-rated in the IDS, since surface-related multiples wi l l form a focus region in the IDS. Muting the multiples ener-gy can achieve the purpose of multiples elimination and avoid the damage to primaries energy during the process of adaptive subtraction. Randomized singular value decomposition （ RSYD） is used to enhance calculation speed and improve the accuracy in the conversion of FDS to IDS. The synthetic shot record of the salt dome model shows that the relationship between primaries and multiples is simple and clear, and RSVD can easily eliminate multiples and save primaries energy. Compared with conventional multiples elimination methods and ordinary methods of multiples elimination in the inverse data space, this technique has an advantage of high cal-culation speed and reliable outcomes.

Interpretations of St. Francis of Assisi in the 20th Century： Philosophical-Anthropological Perspective

The article deals with investigating and comparing key modern and postmodern interpretations of St. Francis of Assisi from a philosophical-anthropological perspective. We determine these interpretations to be as follows： a man of wonder and lover of wisdom, in other words, a true philosopher; hero of all times; defender of the poverty and poor; “champion of liberty”; peace-maker and pacifist; God＇s troubadour; patron of nature and animals. All of these manifestations of St. Francis＇ personality have been enriched by his Christocentrism and joyful vision. Moreover, this can be traced in primary sources and also echoes in the late modern period. Postmodernity not only incorporated similar motives into the cultural space with new focus and accent, but it also put forward some new visions. St. Francis was postulated as God＇s Fool, not so much in the medieval as in the postmodern sense of foolishness and madness as a way of interaction with the absurd and puzzle-like world in which we live. It also reconciles traditional opposition between joy and laughter as inner feelings and outward emotions within the frame of the postmodern Divine Comedy.

Domestic Living Space Furnishings, Culture Identity, and Media

Consumption is an active process that engages the social world for individuals to make use of certain products. For many, the living room is the locus of product use, social activities, cultural values, and the personal narrative of the people who live in it. Consumers engage with their furniture in order for it to function effectively for them： It is thus used to furnish both the home and the self as well. Creating a certain living space with a particular use of furniture and interior decoration is the precise way in which the resident forms its arrangements, and builds a relationship with the surrounding objects in that living space. This activity, I argue, positions the residents in the process of presenting their personality characteristics and cultural identity. The Ethnographic approach is most appropriate methodology for research into such a personal area： the living room within the domestic environment. The topic of this research falls between different fields of studies including consumerism and media. This research reviews the influence of advertising in magazines and furniture shops on the meaning of living space design and how that encourages higher levels of consumption.

Islamophobia Abroad and Anti-Catholicism at home： The Making of the English Nation

One major feature of printing and publishing in England in the 16th and 17th centuries and repeated in subsequent centuries was that of travel tales to foreign spaces where Protestant males not only met believers in Islam but also encountered other Europeans （mostly Catholics） in those foreign spaces. This paper will attempt to show those travellers＇ tales written by Englishmen of the early modern period as well as subsequently were not only based upon Protestant foundations but also contributed to the making of the nation.

Review on Quantitative Research Methods of Regional Sustainable Development in China

Since the 1990s, with the in-depth study and understanding of sustainable development, quantitative study of regional sustainable development (RSD) was increasingly hot in China. Based on quantitative study of RSD from Core Periodical in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (1992–2008), statistical analysis on the annual distribution, periodicals distribution and changes of the distribution were made. And from perspectives of social–economic, ecological, systematic and emerging methods, the course, problems and trends of the quantitative study methods on RSD were examined and analyzed to get a clear summary. By the review, the context on the quantitative study of RSD was to be clarified. The study also showed that, primarily, fields involving quantitative study are expanding; second, big progresses and constant development have been made on the systematic method gradually sophisticated, the flourishing ecological method and emerging new methods in the context of cross and integration which has made complex integrated systems a more satisfactory solution; third, the method system has been more multi-angled, and the clues of independent innovation have been observed despite the fact that the introduction of imported method is the main trend. Although many problems exist, multi-scale study, dynamic timeseries study and inter-regional comparative study will be further exploited and increasingly carried out with the progress of spatial information technology, which would boost the development and application of new methods in RSD study.

Families and Companion Animals in a Contemporary World： A Study of Bodies, Minds, and Emotions in Brazilian Cyberspace

The objective of this paper is to present the result of a research of images and messages addressed to pet owners, posted in news and advertising websites in Brazilian cyberspace in the period between 2005 and 2012. There are a wide variety of pet products and services, similar to those available to the human being and note that pet care industry address the posts to pet owners and the messages intend to motivate the emotions and feelings for the animals, in a sentimental anthropomorphism process. The marketing messages are similar to those of products shaped to induce a person to buy luxury products. Market social interaction is driven by both the human-animal bond and the pet care market campaigns advertisement. In many situations, people interact with pet as a person or a member of the family, as a unique and special living being. The authors conclude that in families which people and animal interacts, new meanings emerge from this contact.

Sci-Tech

China Launches Space Junk Monitoring Center China,on June 8,launched a space junk monitoring center to protect its spacecraft in orbit.The center,which is managed by the State Administration of Science,Technology and Industry for National Defense（SASTIND）and the Chinese Academy of Sciences（CAS）,will track and monitor nearearth objects and space debris.