2014年9月16日夜间,第15号台风"海鸥"外围螺旋雨带中产生龙卷,袭击了广东省佛山市三水区白坭镇。通过现场灾情勘察、群众走访、新一代雷达观测等资料的综合分析,确定这次龙卷强度为EF1级。分析其发生发展的环境背景、雷达回...2014年9月16日夜间,第15号台风"海鸥"外围螺旋雨带中产生龙卷,袭击了广东省佛山市三水区白坭镇。通过现场灾情勘察、群众走访、新一代雷达观测等资料的综合分析,确定这次龙卷强度为EF1级。分析其发生发展的环境背景、雷达回波特征,并与相似台风路径下无龙卷产生的1409号超强台风"威马逊"环境条件对比,结果表明:龙卷发生在登陆台风"海鸥"移动方向的右后侧,对应上空200 h Pa为辐散区,500 h Pa为副热带高压和"海鸥"之间的强东南气流汇合处,从925 h Pa到500 h Pa强东南急流轴走向一致、上下叠加在珠江口附近,地面存在触发对流的东路弱冷空气和中尺度辐合线。环境条件呈弱的条件不稳定,对流有效位能(CAPE)小、抬升凝结高度(LCL)低、垂直风切变和风暴相对螺旋度(SRH)大;产生龙卷的对流风暴属于低质心的微型超级单体风暴,速度图上低层存在强中气旋,中气旋中心伴有TVS,中气旋和TVS尺度比较小、垂直伸展高度比较低,强中气旋、TVS分别早于龙卷14 min、8 min出现。龙卷出现在微型超级单体风暴右后侧钩状回波顶端、TVS附近。分析还表明,相似台风路径下,台风"海鸥"(有龙卷出现)和超强台风"威马逊"(无龙卷出现)的环境条件明显差异主要体现在0~1 km的低层垂直风切变和SRH上,后者的0~1 km垂直风切变和SRH均明显偏小,不利于微型超级单体风暴的出现。展开更多
“51”表是第一代中国制造(“Made in China”)的手表品牌,也是著名“海鸥”衰的前身。它以拥有纯正血统的中国手表技术,向当时世界顶级制表国家发出挑战。从第一代“51”表的诞生到第三代“51”表的完善,见证了中国在手表制造业上的飞...“51”表是第一代中国制造(“Made in China”)的手表品牌,也是著名“海鸥”衰的前身。它以拥有纯正血统的中国手表技术,向当时世界顶级制表国家发出挑战。从第一代“51”表的诞生到第三代“51”表的完善,见证了中国在手表制造业上的飞速发展。展开更多
This study examined the effects of salinity on embryonic development, survival, and growth of the Hong Kong oyster Crassostrea hongkongensis. The embryos, larvae, and juveniles of C. hongkongensis were held in artific...This study examined the effects of salinity on embryonic development, survival, and growth of the Hong Kong oyster Crassostrea hongkongensis. The embryos, larvae, and juveniles of C. hongkongensis were held in artificial seawater at three different salinities(low, 15; medium, 23; and high, 30) to determine the optimum hatchery and nursery conditions for mass production of the seeds. Results showed that the percentage production of straight-hinged larvae from fertilized eggs was significantly lower at the high salinity than at the low- and medium-salinities(P < 0.05). The survival rates of larvae and juveniles differed significantly among the three salinity trials, with the highest survival rate observed at the low salinity(P < 0.05). The shell height of larvae was significantly larger at the low salinity than at the high and medium salinities from days 9 to 15(P < 0.05), whereas that of juveniles was significantly larger at the low salinity than at the high and medium salinities on day 70(P < 0.05). These results indicate that the larvae and juveniles of C. hongkongensis are tolerant to a wide range of salinities(15 to 30), but show better growth and survival at relatively low salinities. Thus, it is recommended to use relatively low salinities in hatchery and nursery systems for improved yields of C. hongkongensis.展开更多
This paper delves into Anton Chekhov＇s The Seagull and George Bemard Shaw＇s The Apple Cart to extensively analyze their infusion of certain comical elements in depicting ostensibly tragic concerns. The paper aims at...This paper delves into Anton Chekhov＇s The Seagull and George Bemard Shaw＇s The Apple Cart to extensively analyze their infusion of certain comical elements in depicting ostensibly tragic concerns. The paper aims at exploring the use of the comic elements that is not without purpose. Instead through this incorporation of farce, linguistic humor, witty repartee and exaggeration, the holistic vision of life is obtained which was earlier compartmentalized by the Greeks and Roman playwrights. Comic elements including slapstick humor, the singing of songs, and certain character portrayal are discussed as techniques employed at the hands of the playwrights to reflect over the real historical milieu of their respective times, yet giving a boost to realism as a theory and a practice. This is a qualitative study based upon hermeneutic theory of textual analysis. The paper establishes the similarities in Bernard Shaw＇s and Anton Chekhov＇s employment of comical elements as well as the difference between their essential purposes in generic transgression. Although the two writers have their roots in different countries, their humorous portrayal of various issues is seen to be similar. From the microanalysis of these plays, the same comic strains can be traced out in modern drama at macro level that will enhance the implication of this research paper. This paper therefore concludes that comic and tragic elements are not antagonistic rather complimentary to each other.展开更多
Most seabird species display colonial behavior during the breeding period which implies that food resources around breeding sites can easily go depleted. Seabirds need to both reach profitable areas, which can be loca...Most seabird species display colonial behavior during the breeding period which implies that food resources around breeding sites can easily go depleted. Seabirds need to both reach profitable areas, which can be located far from the colony, and return to the colony regularly. In this context, flexibility in movement behavior may be crucial for breeding success. During chick-rearing, Procellariformes species can alternate short trips lasting 1-4 days for chick provisioning with longer trips for self-provisioning in what has been called a dual-foraging strategy. We analyzed foraging trips from 136 Scopoli＇s shearwaters from three Mediterranean colonies tracked with GPS during 6 chick-rearing seasons to assess whether the adoption of a dual fo- raging strategy depends on the quality of habitat surrounding the colony. We found a marked dual-foraging strategy only in birds from the Linosa colony which was the largest colony in terms of breeding pairs and was characterized by having a lower marine habitat quality. Birds from this colony performed foraging trips that extended up to 369 km from the nest and lasted more than 10 days. In general, the decision to perform long lasting trips was triggered by lower values of primary production and higher offspring weight. Contrary to expectation, the decision to feed far from the colony was not related to the parents＇ weight. At the same time, despite the higher productivity offered by distant areas, the higher proportion of long trips performed by birds breeding in poor areas was not sufficient to maintain the same body mass as the ones breeding in richer areas [Current Zoology 60 （5）： 622-630, 2014].展开更多
文摘2014年9月16日夜间,第15号台风"海鸥"外围螺旋雨带中产生龙卷,袭击了广东省佛山市三水区白坭镇。通过现场灾情勘察、群众走访、新一代雷达观测等资料的综合分析,确定这次龙卷强度为EF1级。分析其发生发展的环境背景、雷达回波特征,并与相似台风路径下无龙卷产生的1409号超强台风"威马逊"环境条件对比,结果表明:龙卷发生在登陆台风"海鸥"移动方向的右后侧,对应上空200 h Pa为辐散区,500 h Pa为副热带高压和"海鸥"之间的强东南气流汇合处,从925 h Pa到500 h Pa强东南急流轴走向一致、上下叠加在珠江口附近,地面存在触发对流的东路弱冷空气和中尺度辐合线。环境条件呈弱的条件不稳定,对流有效位能(CAPE)小、抬升凝结高度(LCL)低、垂直风切变和风暴相对螺旋度(SRH)大;产生龙卷的对流风暴属于低质心的微型超级单体风暴,速度图上低层存在强中气旋,中气旋中心伴有TVS,中气旋和TVS尺度比较小、垂直伸展高度比较低,强中气旋、TVS分别早于龙卷14 min、8 min出现。龙卷出现在微型超级单体风暴右后侧钩状回波顶端、TVS附近。分析还表明,相似台风路径下,台风"海鸥"(有龙卷出现)和超强台风"威马逊"(无龙卷出现)的环境条件明显差异主要体现在0~1 km的低层垂直风切变和SRH上,后者的0~1 km垂直风切变和SRH均明显偏小,不利于微型超级单体风暴的出现。
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31172403)the National Basic Research Program of China (2010CB126406)
文摘This study examined the effects of salinity on embryonic development, survival, and growth of the Hong Kong oyster Crassostrea hongkongensis. The embryos, larvae, and juveniles of C. hongkongensis were held in artificial seawater at three different salinities(low, 15; medium, 23; and high, 30) to determine the optimum hatchery and nursery conditions for mass production of the seeds. Results showed that the percentage production of straight-hinged larvae from fertilized eggs was significantly lower at the high salinity than at the low- and medium-salinities(P < 0.05). The survival rates of larvae and juveniles differed significantly among the three salinity trials, with the highest survival rate observed at the low salinity(P < 0.05). The shell height of larvae was significantly larger at the low salinity than at the high and medium salinities from days 9 to 15(P < 0.05), whereas that of juveniles was significantly larger at the low salinity than at the high and medium salinities on day 70(P < 0.05). These results indicate that the larvae and juveniles of C. hongkongensis are tolerant to a wide range of salinities(15 to 30), but show better growth and survival at relatively low salinities. Thus, it is recommended to use relatively low salinities in hatchery and nursery systems for improved yields of C. hongkongensis.
文摘This paper delves into Anton Chekhov＇s The Seagull and George Bemard Shaw＇s The Apple Cart to extensively analyze their infusion of certain comical elements in depicting ostensibly tragic concerns. The paper aims at exploring the use of the comic elements that is not without purpose. Instead through this incorporation of farce, linguistic humor, witty repartee and exaggeration, the holistic vision of life is obtained which was earlier compartmentalized by the Greeks and Roman playwrights. Comic elements including slapstick humor, the singing of songs, and certain character portrayal are discussed as techniques employed at the hands of the playwrights to reflect over the real historical milieu of their respective times, yet giving a boost to realism as a theory and a practice. This is a qualitative study based upon hermeneutic theory of textual analysis. The paper establishes the similarities in Bernard Shaw＇s and Anton Chekhov＇s employment of comical elements as well as the difference between their essential purposes in generic transgression. Although the two writers have their roots in different countries, their humorous portrayal of various issues is seen to be similar. From the microanalysis of these plays, the same comic strains can be traced out in modern drama at macro level that will enhance the implication of this research paper. This paper therefore concludes that comic and tragic elements are not antagonistic rather complimentary to each other.
文摘Most seabird species display colonial behavior during the breeding period which implies that food resources around breeding sites can easily go depleted. Seabirds need to both reach profitable areas, which can be located far from the colony, and return to the colony regularly. In this context, flexibility in movement behavior may be crucial for breeding success. During chick-rearing, Procellariformes species can alternate short trips lasting 1-4 days for chick provisioning with longer trips for self-provisioning in what has been called a dual-foraging strategy. We analyzed foraging trips from 136 Scopoli＇s shearwaters from three Mediterranean colonies tracked with GPS during 6 chick-rearing seasons to assess whether the adoption of a dual fo- raging strategy depends on the quality of habitat surrounding the colony. We found a marked dual-foraging strategy only in birds from the Linosa colony which was the largest colony in terms of breeding pairs and was characterized by having a lower marine habitat quality. Birds from this colony performed foraging trips that extended up to 369 km from the nest and lasted more than 10 days. In general, the decision to perform long lasting trips was triggered by lower values of primary production and higher offspring weight. Contrary to expectation, the decision to feed far from the colony was not related to the parents＇ weight. At the same time, despite the higher productivity offered by distant areas, the higher proportion of long trips performed by birds breeding in poor areas was not sufficient to maintain the same body mass as the ones breeding in richer areas [Current Zoology 60 （5）： 622-630, 2014].
