“One Core,Two Sources”:The Endogenous Logic of China’s Path to Develop Human Rights from the Perspective of“Two Integrations”

Abstract:The development of China’s human rights path is driv-en by both external and internal factors,influenced by general prin-ciples of human rights worldwide while also following China’s own endogenous logic.The concept of the“Two Integrations”reflects the continuous theoretical innovation of the Chinese Communist Party based on China’s national conditions,significantly illustrating the en-dogenous logic of China’s human rights path.Among these,the“basic principles of Marxism”occupy a“core”position within the endoge-nous logic of China’s human rights path,and to some extent,embody an understanding of the inherent laws of human rights.Meanwhile,“China’s specific realities”and“fine traditional Chinese culture”serve as the“living water sources”for the ongoing advancement of China’s human rights.The“Two Integrations”represent an intrinsic requirement of historical materialism and practical materialism.The logical structure of“One Core,Two Sources”explains the endogenous nature of China’s human rights path,offering both an interpretation of the driving forces behind China’s human rights path and a defense of its rationality.

U-Net Models for Representing Wind Stress Anomalies over the Tropical Pacific and Their Integrations with an Intermediate Coupled Model for ENSO Studies

El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)is the strongest interannual climate mode influencing the coupled ocean-atmosphere system in the tropical Pacific,and numerous dynamical and statistical models have been developed to simulate and predict it.In some simplified coupled ocean-atmosphere models,the relationship between sea surface temperature(SST)anomalies and wind stress(τ)anomalies can be constructed by statistical methods,such as singular value decomposition(SVD).In recent years,the applications of artificial intelligence(AI)to climate modeling have shown promising prospects,and the integrations of AI-based models with dynamical models are active areas of research.This study constructs U-Net models for representing the relationship between SSTAs andτanomalies in the tropical Pacific;the UNet-derivedτmodel,denoted asτUNet,is then used to replace the original SVD-basedτmodel of an intermediate coupled model(ICM),forming a newly AI-integrated ICM,referred to as ICM-UNet.The simulation results obtained from ICM-UNet demonstrate their ability to represent the spatiotemporal variability of oceanic and atmospheric anomaly fields in the equatorial Pacific.In the ocean-only case study,theτUNet-derived wind stress anomaly fields are used to force the ocean component of the ICM,the results of which also indicate reasonable simulations of typical ENSO events.These results demonstrate the feasibility of integrating an AI-derived model with a physics-based dynamical model for ENSO modeling studies.Furthermore,the successful integration of the dynamical ocean models with the AI-based atmospheric wind model provides a novel approach to ocean-atmosphere interaction modeling studies.

Astrocytes integrate time and space

Astrocytes read and react to synaptic transmission through tripartite synapses,where the binding of neurotransmitters onto astrocytic receptors triggers an increase in intracellular calcium.Recent investigations have revealed that astrocytes exhibit two distinct states of intracellular calcium activity:(1)graded subcellular localized clusters with independently active microdomains,likely influenced by nearby synaptic events,and(2)whole-cell astrocyte calcium surges,believed to result from the coordinated activation of multiple synapses.Notably,astrocyte calcium responses are not solely graded;instead,a spatial threshold of intracellular calcium activity can be overcome to elicit an astrocyte calcium surge.Together these calcium responses,in turn,initiate downstream signaling pathways capable of modifying synaptic communication and overall network activity.In summary,astrocytes can function as integrators of local synaptic events,actively contributing to information processing within the brain.

Multisensory mechanisms of gait and balance in Parkinson’s disease:an integrative review

Understanding the neural underpinning of human gait and balance is one of the most pertinent challenges for 21st-century translational neuroscience due to the profound impact that falls and mobility disturbances have on our aging population.Posture and gait control does not happen automatically,as previously believed,but rather requires continuous involvement of central nervous mechanisms.To effectively exert control over the body,the brain must integrate multiple streams of sensory information,including visual,vestibular,and somatosensory signals.The mechanisms which underpin the integration of these multisensory signals are the principal topic of the present work.Existing multisensory integration theories focus on how failure of cognitive processes thought to be involved in multisensory integration leads to falls in older adults.Insufficient emphasis,however,has been placed on specific contributions of individual sensory modalities to multisensory integration processes and cross-modal interactions that occur between the sensory modalities in relation to gait and balance.In the present work,we review the contributions of somatosensory,visual,and vestibular modalities,along with their multisensory intersections to gait and balance in older adults and patients with Parkinson’s disease.We also review evidence of vestibular contributions to multisensory temporal binding windows,previously shown to be highly pertinent to fall risk in older adults.Lastly,we relate multisensory vestibular mechanisms to potential neural substrates,both at the level of neurobiology(concerning positron emission tomography imaging)and at the level of electrophysiology(concerning electroencephalography).We hope that this integrative review,drawing influence across multiple subdisciplines of neuroscience,paves the way for novel research directions and therapeutic neuromodulatory approaches,to improve the lives of older adults and patients with neurodegenerative diseases.

Cohort study on the treatment of BRAF V600E mutant metastatic colorectal cancer with integrated Chinese and western medicine

BACKGROUND Patients with BRAF V600E mutant metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC)have a low incidence rate,poor biological activity,suboptimal response to conventional treatments,and a poor prognosis.In the previous cohort study on mCRC conducted by our team,it was observed that integrated Chinese and Western medicine treatment could significantly prolong the overall survival(OS)of patients with colorectal cancer.Therefore,we further explored the survival benefits in the population with BRAF V600E mutant mCRC.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of integrated Chinese and Western medicine in the treatment of BRAF V600E mutant metastatic colorectal cancer.METHODS A cohort study was conducted on patients with BRAF V600E mutant metastatic colorectal cancer admitted to Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January 2016 to December 2022.The patients were divided into two cohorts.RESULTS A total of 34 cases were included,with 23 in Chinese-Western medicine cohort(cohort A)and 11 in Western medicine cohort(cohort B).The median overall survival was 19.9 months in cohort A and 14.2 months in cohort B,with a statistically significant difference(P=0.038,hazard ratio=0.46).The 1-3-year survival rates were 95.65%(22/23),39.13%(9/23),and 26.09%(6/23)in cohort A,and 63.64%(7/11),18.18%(2/11),and 9.09%(1/11)in cohort B,respectively.Subgroup analysis showed statistically significant differences in median OS between the two cohorts in the right colon,liver metastasis,chemotherapy,and first-line treatment subgroups(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Integrated Chinese and Western medicine can prolong the survival and reduce the risk of death in patients with BRAF V600E mutant metastatic colorectal cancer,with more pronounced benefits observed in patients with right colon involvement,liver metastasis,combined chemotherapy,and first-line treatment.

RETHINKING TO FINITE DIFFERENCE TIME-STEP INTEGRATIONS

The numerical time step integrations of PDEs are mainly carried out by the finitedifference method to date. However,when the time step becomes longer, it causes theproblem of numerical instability,. The explicit integration schemes derived by the singlepoint precise integration method given in this paper are proved unconditionally stable.Comparisons between the schemes derived by the finite difference method and theschemes by the method employed in the present paper are made for diffusion andconvective-diffusion equations. Nunierical examples show the superiority of the singlepoint integration method.

Efficiency analysis of numerical integrations for finite element substructure in real-time hybrid simulation

Finite element（FE） is a powerful tool and has been applied by investigators to real-time hybrid simulations（RTHSs）. This study focuses on the computational efficiency, including the computational time and accuracy, of numerical integrations in solving FE numerical substructure in RTHSs. First, sparse matrix storage schemes are adopted to decrease the computational time of FE numerical substructure. In this way, the task execution time（TET） decreases such that the scale of the numerical substructure model increases. Subsequently, several commonly used explicit numerical integration algorithms, including the central difference method（CDM）, the Newmark explicit method, the Chang method and the Gui-λ method, are comprehensively compared to evaluate their computational time in solving FE numerical substructure. CDM is better than the other explicit integration algorithms when the damping matrix is diagonal, while the Gui-λ（λ = 4） method is advantageous when the damping matrix is non-diagonal. Finally, the effect of time delay on the computational accuracy of RTHSs is investigated by simulating structure-foundation systems. Simulation results show that the influences of time delay on the displacement response become obvious with the mass ratio increasing, and delay compensation methods may reduce the relative error of the displacement peak value to less than 5% even under the large time-step and large time delay.

Error Control Strategies for Numerical Integrations in Fast Collocation Methods

We propose two error control techniques for numerical integrations in fast multiscale collocation methods for solving Fredholm integral equations of the second kind with weakly singular kernels. Both techniques utilize quadratures for singular integrals using graded points. One has a polynomial order of accuracy if the integrand has a polynomial order of smoothness except at the singular point and the other has exponential order of accuracy if the integrand has an infinite order of smoothness except at the singular point. We estimate the order of convergence and computational complexity of the corresponding approximate solutions of the equation. We prove that the second technique preserves the order of convergence and computational complexity of the original collocation method. Numerical experiments are presented to illustrate the theoretical estimates.

Intelligent Small Sample Defect Detection of Concrete Surface Using Novel Deep Learning Integrating Improved YOLOv5

Dear Editor,This letter presents an intelligent small sample defect detection of concrete surface using novel deep learning integrating the improved YOLOv5 based on the Wasserstein GAN(WGAN)enhancement algorithm.The proposed method is capable of producing top-notch data sets to address the issues of insufficient samples and substandard quality.

Silicon-based optoelectronic heterogeneous integration for optical interconnection

The performance of optical interconnection has improved dramatically in recent years.Silicon-based optoelectronic heterogeneous integration is the key enabler to achieve high performance optical interconnection,which not only provides the optical gain which is absent from native Si substrates and enables complete photonic functionalities on chip,but also improves the system performance through advanced heterogeneous integrated packaging.This paper reviews recent progress of silicon-based optoelectronic heterogeneous integration in high performance optical interconnection.The research status,development trend and application of ultra-low loss optical waveguides,high-speed detectors,high-speed modulators,lasers and 2D,2.5D,3D and monolithic integration are focused on.

3D‑Printed Carbon‑Based Conformal Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Module for Integrated Electronics

Electromagnetic interference shielding(EMI SE)modules are the core com-ponent of modern electronics.However,the tra-ditional metal-based SE modules always take up indispensable three-dimensional space inside electronics,posing a major obstacle to the integra-tion of electronics.The innovation of integrating 3D-printed conformal shielding(c-SE)modules with packaging materials onto core electronics offers infinite possibilities to satisfy ideal SE func-tion without occupying additional space.Herein,the 3D printable carbon-based inks with various proportions of graphene and carbon nanotube nanoparticles are well-formulated by manipulating their rheological peculiarity.Accordingly,the free-constructed architectures with arbitrarily-customized structure and multifunctionality are created via 3D printing.In particular,the SE performance of 3D-printed frame is up to 61.4 dB,simultaneously accompanied with an ultralight architecture of 0.076 g cm^(-3) and a superhigh specific shielding of 802.4 dB cm3 g^(-1).Moreover,as a proof-of-concept,the 3D-printed c-SE module is in situ integrated into core electronics,successfully replacing the traditional metal-based module to afford multiple functions for electromagnetic compatibility and thermal dissipa-tion.Thus,this scientific innovation completely makes up the blank for assembling carbon-based c-SE modules and sheds a brilliant light on developing the next generation of high-performance shielding materials with arbitrarily-customized structure for integrated electronics.

Carbon nanotube integrated circuit technology:purification,assembly and integration

As the manufacturing process of silicon-based integrated circuits(ICs)approaches its physical limit,the quantum effect of silicon-based field-effect transistors(FETs)has become increasingly evident.And the burgeoning carbon-based semiconductor technology has become one of the most disruptive technologies in the post-Moore era.As one-dimensional nanomaterials,carbon nanotubes(CNTs)are far superior to silicon at the same technology nodes of FETs because of their excellent electrical transport and scaling properties,rendering them the most competitive material in the next-generation ICs technology.However,certain challenges impede the industrialization of CNTs,particularly in terms of material preparation,which significantly hinders the development of CNT-based ICs.Focusing on CNT-based ICs technology,this review summarizes its main technical status,development trends,existing challenges,and future development directions.

Combination of Loosely and Compactly Coupled Integrations of CAD Tools and Its Applications In SAW Devices Design and Fabrication

A combination of the loosely and compactly coupled integrations of CAD tools and its applications in the design and fabrication of surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices are proposed in this paper. Three core modules are developed as design and mask pattern verification module,database module, and device characteristics simulation module. All the operations are controlled under Microsoft Windows GUI interface. This leads to a reduced design and fabrication cycle, workload and cost. With the knowledge-based library for intelligent design and Lotus Notes database for distributed and networked engineering database management (EDM) and effective control of documents, a new enterprise-leveled, computer-integrated design and manufacturing system (CIDMS)can be established for monolithic and hybrid device design (not only confined to SAW device).

Colloidal quantum dot lasers and hybrid integrations

Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are semiconductor nanocrystalswith diameters about 2 to 20 nm. At such nanoscales,the CQDs exhibit obvious quantum and dielectric confinementeffects[1]. The CQDs are usually composed of II–VI, III–V,and IV–VI semiconductors fabricated by the low-cost wet chemicalsynthetic methods. The emission wavelengths of CQDs,which can be easily tuned by the sizes, shapes, and compositions,have already covered the whole range of the visible andnear-infrared (NIR) spectra (from 440 to 1530 nm). Owing tothe low-cost fabrications, high quantum yields (QYs^100%), tunableemission wavelengths, and outstanding stability, the solution-processable CQDs can act as the nanoscale buildingblocks with large gains, and they have attracted enormous attentionin the lasing applications in the past decade.

A Universal,Highly Sensitive and Seamlessly Integratable Textile Resistive Strain Sensor

Textile strain sensors capable of monitoring human physiological signals and activities have great potential in health moni-toring and sports.However,fabricating sensors with a wide sensing range,high sensitivity,robustness,and the capability for seamless integration into apparel remains challenging.In this work,a textile resistive strain sensor(TRSS)fabricated by selectively inlaying a conductive yarn,that is covered with water-repellent and antioxidative acrylic/copper complex fibers,into a highly elastic substrate via an industrialized knitting process is proposed.The conductive yarn is folded and compactly stacked to sense strains by changing contact resistance through contact separation of adjacent yarn sections in stretching.Owing to this folded structure,the TRSS has a wide sensing range(0–70%),high sensitivity(maximum gauge factor GF_(max)=1560),low detection limit(<0.5%),long-term fatigue resistance over 4000 cycles,and it can be seamlessly integrated into and become a part of various smart apparel products.An elbow sleeve,a knee sleeve and a sock are demon-strated to effectively monitor and distinguish various human bending motions.The fabrication strategy paves a viable way for customizing high-performance strain sensors for developing novel wearable electronics and smart clothing to detect multimode human motions.

Optimal synthesis of heat-integrated distillation configurations using the two-column superstructure

In the realm of the synthesis of heat-integrated distillation configurations,the conventional approach for exploring more heat integration possibilities typically entails the splitting of a single column into a twocolumn configuration.However,this approach frequently necessitates tedious enumeration procedures,resulting in a considerable computational burden.To surmount this formidable challenge,the present study introduces an innovative remedy:The proposition of a superstructure that encompasses both single-column and multiple two-column configurations.Additionally,a simultaneous optimization algorithm is applied to optimize both the process parameters and heat integration structures of the twocolumn configurations.The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated through a case study focusing on industrial organosilicon separation.The results underscore that the superstructure methodology not only substantially mitigates computational time compared to exhaustive enumeration but also furnishes solutions that exhibit comparable performance.

Pixelated non-volatile programmable photonic integrated circuits with 20-level intermediate states

Multi-level programmable photonic integrated circuits(PICs)and optical metasurfaces have gained widespread attention in many fields,such as neuromorphic photonics,opticalcommunications,and quantum information.In this paper,we propose pixelated programmable Si_(3)N_(4)PICs with record-high 20-level intermediate states at 785 nm wavelength.Such flexibility in phase or amplitude modulation is achieved by a programmable Sb_(2)S_(3)matrix,the footprint of whose elements can be as small as 1.2μm,limited only by the optical diffraction limit of anin-house developed pulsed laser writing system.We believe our work lays the foundation for laser-writing ultra-high-level(20 levels and even more)programmable photonic systems and metasurfaces based on phase change materials,which could catalyze diverse applications such as programmable neuromorphic photonics,biosensing,optical computing,photonic quantum computing,and reconfigurable metasurfaces.

High-chromium vanadium-titanium magnetite all-pellet integrated burden optimization and softening-melting behavior based on flux pellets

High-chromium vanadium-titanium magnetite(HVTM)is a crucial polymetallic-associated resource to be developed.The allpellet operation is a blast furnace trend that aims to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the future.By referencing the production data of vanadium-titanium magnetite blast furnaces,this study explored the softening-melting behavior of high-chromium vanadium-titanium magnetite and obtained the optimal integrated burden based on flux pellets.The results show that the burden with a composition of 70wt%flux pellets and 30wt%acid pellets exhibits the best softening-melting properties.In comparison to that of the single burden,the softening-melting characteristic temperature of this burden composition was higher.The melting interval first increased from 307 to 362℃and then decreased to 282℃.The maximum pressure drop(ΔPmax)decreased from 26.76 to 19.01 kPa.The permeability index(S)dropped from 4643.5 to 2446.8 kPa·℃.The softening-melting properties of the integrated burden were apparently improved.The acid pellets played a role in withstanding load during the softening process.The flux pellets in the integrated burden exhibited a higher slag melting point,which increased the melting temperature during the melting process.The slag homogeneity and the TiC produced by over-reduction led to the gas permeability deterioration of the single burden.The segregation of the flux and acid pellets in the HVTM proportion and basicity mainly led to the better softening-melting properties of the integrated burden.

The“Two Integrations”:the Only Path and Strongest Assurance for Our Success

In an address at a meeting on cultural inheritance and development,General Secretary Xi Jinping noted,“Given the rich foundations of our more than 5,000-year-old civilization,the only path for pioneering and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics is to integrate the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with its traditional culture.This systematic conclusion,drawn from our explorations of Chinese socialism is the strongest assurance for our success.”In his speech,General Secretary Xi incisively discussed the significance of integrating the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and traditional culture(referred to as the“two integrations”)and the rich implications and practical requirements therein.

A stable implicit nodal integration-based particle finite element method(N-PFEM)for modelling saturated soil dynamics

In this study,we present a novel nodal integration-based particle finite element method(N-PFEM)designed for the dynamic analysis of saturated soils.Our approach incorporates the nodal integration technique into a generalised Hellinger-Reissner(HR)variational principle,creating an implicit PFEM formulation.To mitigate the volumetric locking issue in low-order elements,we employ a node-based strain smoothing technique.By discretising field variables at the centre of smoothing cells,we achieve nodal integration over cells,eliminating the need for sophisticated mapping operations after re-meshing in the PFEM.We express the discretised governing equations as a min-max optimisation problem,which is further reformulated as a standard second-order cone programming(SOCP)problem.Stresses,pore water pressure,and displacements are simultaneously determined using the advanced primal-dual interior point method.Consequently,our numerical model offers improved accuracy for stresses and pore water pressure compared to the displacement-based PFEM formulation.Numerical experiments demonstrate that the N-PFEM efficiently captures both transient and long-term hydro-mechanical behaviour of saturated soils with high accuracy,obviating the need for stabilisation or regularisation techniques commonly employed in other nodal integration-based PFEM approaches.This work holds significant implications for the development of robust and accurate numerical tools for studying saturated soil dynamics.