Rehabilitation of vulnerable groups in emergencies and disasters： A systematic review

BACKGROUND: Natural and man-made disasters, especially those occurring in large scales not only result in human mortality, but also cause physical, psychological, and social disabilities. Providing effective rehabilitation services in time can decrease the frequency of such disabilities. The aim of the current study was to perform a systematic review related to rehabilitation of vulnerable groups in emergencies and disasters.METHODS: The systematic review was conducted according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses(PRISMA) guidelines. The key words "recovery", "rehabilitation", "reconstruction", "transformation", "transition", "emergency", "disaster", "crisis", "hazard", "catastrophe", "tragedy", "mass casualty incident", "women", "female", "children", "pediatric", "disable", "handicap", "elder", "old" and "vulnerable" were used in combination with Boolean operators OR and AND. ISI Web of Science, PubM ed, Scopus, Science Direct, Ovid, ProQ uest, Wiley, Google Scholar were searched.RESULTS: In this study a total of 11 928 articles were considered and 25 articles were selected for f inal review of rehabilitation of vulnerable groups based on the objective of this study. Twenty-f ive studies including six qualitative, sixteen cross-sectional and three randomized controlled trials were reviewed for rehabilitation of vulnerable groups in emergencies and disasters. Out of the selected papers, 23 were studied based on rehabilitation after natural disasters and the remaining were man-made disasters. Most types of rehabilitation were physical, social, psychological and economic.CONCLUSION: The review of the papers showed different programs of physical, physiological, economic and social rehabilitations for vulnerable groups after emergencies and disasters. It may help health field managers better implement standard rehabilitation activities for vulnerable groups.

Research on the Protection of Vulnerable Groups in Water Pollution Conflicts Based on Binomial Tree Pricing Model

The interests of vulnerable groups can’t be guaranteed due to their weaker capacity and the limited interests demand channels during the water pollution conflicts. The interest protection for the vulnerable people in the water pollution conflicts has attracted attentions of the international scholars. The paper tries to construct the market mechanism which can make the vulnerable people to involve in the emission trading. The vulnerable people can buy American put option in the emission trading market. When the price of the emission runs below the contract price, the vulnerable people can get the benefit through executing the option. When the price of the emission runs above the contract price, the vulnerable people can give up the right. The binomial tree option pricing model can help the vulnerable people to make a decision through the analysis of the worth of the American put option.

Lend a Hand to Vulnerable Groups——An Experience from Wuhan University

On May 25, 2002, the Wuhan University Center for the Protection of Rights of Disadvantaged Citizens marked its 10th founding anniversary at Luojia Hill. Attending the celebrations were more than 600 people, including Executive Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League Sun Jinlong, Vice-Minister of Justice Duan Zhengkun, Supreme People’s Court Vice-President Wan E’xiang and Hubei Provincial Vice-Governor Deng Daokun.

Pay Attention to Vulnerable Groups & Safeguard Citizens' Marriage, Family Rights——On New Marriage Law

Marriage and family remain a universal and eternal subject of study. It covers law, ethics, sociology, psychology and even economics. Law and ethics play the most outstanding role in it. Family ethics and moral standards constitute an important part of social ethical system while marriage and family constitute part of the legal system nearest to the life of the common people. Since the founding of New China, the Party and the State have paid full attention to the marriage and family system. Compared with other laws, the law about marriage and family was the first to be legislated. On May 1, 1950, New China’s first law, the 1950 version of Marriage Law, was promulgated. Commenting on the legal document, Chairman Mao Zedong had this to say: Marriage law concerns

Academic Forum on Protection of Vulnerable Groups' Rights

On March 19, an academic forum was held in Jinan City, Shandong Province, on protection of vulnerable groups’ rights. Sponsored by the Law School of Shandong University, it gathered some 50 experts from the Central Patty School, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, China Society for Human Rights Studies, Shandong Higher People’s Court, as well as some research universities in the country. Four subjects were discussed at the forum: definition of vulnerable groups, legal principles for protection of vulnerable groups’

Socio-economic vulnerability level in the Jeneberang watershed in Gowa Regency,South Sulawesi Province,Indonesia

Jeneberang watershed is vital,particularly for people living in Gowa Regency(South Sulawesi Province,Indonesia),who benefit from its many advantages.Landslides and floods occur every year in the Jeneberang watershed,so it is imperative to understand the socio-economic vulnerability of this region.This research aims to identify the vulnerability level of the Jeneberang watershed so that the government can prioritize areas with high vulnerability level and formulate effective strategies to reduce these the vulnerability.Specifically,this study was conducted in 12 districts located in the Jeneberang watershed.The primary data were collected from questionnaires completed by community members,community leaders,and various stakeholders,and the secondary data were from the Landsat satellite imagery in 2020,the Badan Push Statistic of Gowa Regency,and some governmental agencies.The socio-economic vulnerability variables were determined using the Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis(MCDA)method,and each variable was weighted and analyzed using the Geographical Information System(GIS).The study reveals that the levels of socio-economic vulnerability are affected by variables such as population density,vulnerable groups(disabled people,elderly people,and young people),road network and settlement,percentage of poor people,and productive land area in the Jeneberang watershed.Moreover,all of the 12 districts in the Jeneberang watershed are included in the medium vulnerability level,with the mean percentage of socio-economic vulnerability around 50.92%.The socio-economic vulnerability of Bajeng,Pallangga,and Somba Opu districts is categorized at high level,the socio-economic vulnerability of Bungaya,Parangloe,and Tombolo Pao districts is classified as medium level,and the remaining 6 districts(Barombong,Bontolempangan,Bontomarannu,Manuju,Parigi,and Tinggimoncong)are ranked as low socio-economic vulnerability.This study can help policy-makers to formulate strategy that contributes to the protection of biodiversity and sustainable development of the Jeneberang watershed,while improving disaster resilience and preparedness of the watershed.

A kind of signature scheme based on class groups of quadratic fields

Quadratic-field cryptosystem is a cryptosystem built from discrete logarithm problem in ideal class groups of quadratic fields(CL-DLP). The problem on digital signature scheme based on ideal class groups of quadratic fields remained open, because of the difficulty of computing class numbers of quadratic fields. In this paper, according to our researches on quadratic fields, we construct the first digital signature scheme in ideal class groups of quadratic fields, using q as modulus, which denotes the prime divisors of ideal class numbers of quadratic fields. Security of the new signature scheme is based fully on CL-DLP. This paper also investigates realization of the scheme, and proposes the concrete technique. In addition, the technique introduced in the paper can be utilized to realize signature schemes of other kinds.

Egypt’s Currency Devaluation & Impact on the Most Vulnerable

The aim of the current research paper is to review what the Government of Egypt (GOE) has done to alleviate hardship conditions facing vulnerable low-income citizens, including its civil servants, during the implementation of the recent International Monetary Fund Economic Reform program. The main research questions are: What policies and initiatives has the GOE pursued post its currency devaluation in order to alleviate hardships on the most vulnerable? And to what extent are we now a more “socially equitable” nation? The paper provides a background about the 2016 currency devaluation decision, presents a conceptual framework explaining the relation between different economic ideologies and the impact on the vulnerable groups in society, elaborates on why we should seek social justice in Egypt, and then finally examines and assesses some of the government’s efforts in trying to alleviate hardships, including the Takaful and Karama Program, the Amman certificate, and the impact on the pay scale of government employees. Some of the recommendations made by the paper include: the need to apply true conditionality in the claimed “Conditional Cash Transfer Programs”, to re-consider government employees’ compensation, and to re-allocate national resources to what matters in a more transparent manner.

The Research About non-agriculture shift confronting the rural vulnerable farmers in the underdeveloped areas of China

This paper reveals the law of non-agriculture shift of the vulnerable groups in underdeveloped rural areas in china, and put forward the ＂second shift＂ category, namely the vulnerable groups is bound to work in cities; return to participate in local non-agricultural activities; then begin second non-agriculture shift. The paper discusses the ＂second shift＂ feature; Finally, draw policy Implications of the ＂second shift＂.

数字经济、创业与中等收入群体规模

利用马克思资本循环理论、蒂蒙斯创业理论阐释数字经济扩大中等收入群体规模的理论逻辑,并利用2012—2021年中国31个省份的面板数据检验了数字经济对中等收入群体规模的影响。研究发现:数字经济能显著扩大中等收入群体规模。机制研究表明:数字经济能通过促进创业而扩大中等收入群体规模。具体而言,数字经济有助于促进创业融资和优化创业企业的要素配置,从而有助于扩大中等收入群体规模。进一步研究发现:良好的营商环境能强化数字经济对创业的促进作用,从而能强化数字经济对中等收入群体规模的扩大作用。异质性检验结果表明:组织型创业与自我雇佣型创业都能使数字经济更好地发挥其对中等收入群体规模的扩大作用;在数字经济的支持下,无论是在制造业中创业,还是在服务业中创业,均能显著扩大中等收入群体规模。

产业数字化背景下高等职业院校专业群建设模式的研究与实践——以福州职业技术学院为例

在产业数字化和智能化的发展背景下,以高职院校为研究对象,探讨了一种创新的专业群建设模式,旨在更好地满足数字经济时代对“传统技术+数字技术”的复合型技术技能人才的培养需求。该模式以“信息化”和“智能化”为引领,以支持产业数字化升级为目标,采用了一系列具体举措,包括专业群布局的优化、模块化“数字+”课程资源池的开发、共享型“两中心一基地”平台的建设,以及创新的校企合作保障机制。经实践该专业群建设模式能够有效地提升高等职业院校的人才培养质量,适应产业数字化发展的人才需求,可为职业教育领域专业数字化升级改造提供范式和参考。

制造企业数字化能力生成的高管团队影响机制与同群效应

数字化时代,传统制造企业普遍沉浸在缺乏“数字化能力”的焦虑中,企业能否运用数字技术和信息资源产生数字化能力,是推动企业数字化战略落地的关键。对297家制造企业高管成员的调查数据进行实证检验,检验高管团队异质性对制造企业数字化能力的影响,探究同群效应下高管团队异质性、组织惯例更新对制造企业数字化能力生成的作用机制,证实数字化能力是高管团队异质性驱动下制造企业不断修正和创造组织惯例的结果。在这一过程中,行业同群效应强度正向调节制造企业数字化能力的构建,但是地区同群效应强度却与制造企业数字化能力的生成无关。研究认为,制造企业数字化能力构建不是单纯的组织内部惯例更新过程,而是外部群体影响下的复杂决策,数字化不仅是单个企业的转型问题,还是受社会互动影响的群体问题。研究结果为制造企业构建数字化能力提供了理论指导与策略参考。

数字反哺视域下农村老年群体数字融入及治理策略

农村老年群体数字融入影响着整个社会数字化水平的提高。从农村老年群体数字实践主体地位出发,在尊重老年群体“数字拒绝”意愿之上,从微观能动层面探究其数字融入中的障碍并从数字反哺视角提出治理策略,助力农村老年群体数字融入的同时驳斥将不接受数字技术的老年群体统一贴上“数字难民”负面标签的行为。研究发现,个体生理社会因素的客观制约、自我动机效能的主观限制、孱弱的家庭反哺支持力度、社会媒介形象的负面呈现、数字陷阱与数字信任的牵绊成为影响农村老年群体数字接受意愿,阻碍其数字融入的障碍,而通过正视老年数字融入上的增长优势、营造适度压力型学习环境来积极重构数字反哺大环境,同时通过塑造良好的数字反哺家庭氛围及推动数字技能与数字素养齐头并进等方式营造家庭反哺小生态,为提升老年群体幸福感和重构和谐家庭代际关系提供参考。

数字基础设施建设能否缓解农村家庭金融脆弱性?——“宽带中国”示范城市的政策效应分析

农村家庭在信息获取上的劣势是其金融脆弱性比城市家庭更高的原因之一,数字基础设施的完善能够有效缓解农村家庭面临的信息约束与信息劣势,从而可以通过增加家庭收入和优化家庭资产负债配置来缓解农村家庭的金融脆弱性。采用中国家庭追踪调查2010—2018年的5期数据,运用多期双重差分模型进行政策效应分析,结果表明,“宽带中国”示范城市建设显著降低了农村家庭的金融脆弱性;机制分析发现,数字基础设施建设可以提高农村居民非农就业和购买商业保险的概率,并提高农村家庭的非农就业收入和保险参与度,即数字基础设施建设可以通过促进非农就业和保险参与两条路径来缓解农村家庭金融脆弱性;异质性分析结果显示,数字基础设施建设对户主为男性、户主未婚、平均文化程度较低、收入水平较低的农村家庭具有更为显著的金融脆弱性缓解作用。因此,应加强农村地区数字基础设施建设,并充分发挥“数字下乡”促进农民非农就业和保险参与的积极作用,有效缓解农村家庭金融脆弱性。

古建筑火灾风险智能孪生评估方法研究

为实现有效的古建筑灾害预防和应急处置决策,采用“数据-处理-业务-服务”的多层次框架,与贝叶斯网络和K-Means聚类算法(BN-KM算法),基于数字孪生模型建立1种古建筑(群)火灾风险评估及决策建议的智能方法,通过8地古建筑火灾历史案例验证该模型的多区域适用性(准确率为87.50%),通过G古建筑(群)4个时段的火灾风险演化规律,验证该方法的时间动态适用性。研究结果表明:该方法中多层次框架可实现多源异构数据(历史数据、监测数据等)的集成量化和风险评估的秒级运算,孪生方法可在事故发生或未造成重要损失前进行计算推演得到高风险区域,并针对不同对象(决策者、救援者、公众)提供专业服务,本文描述新智能方法的评估和决策建议流程,该方法论可拓展应用至其他灾害场景(地震等)。研究结果可为古建筑灾害预防和应急处置提供意见支持。

职业教育数字化转型视角下专业群建设策略研究

数字化转型正在推动社会全面变革。数字化时代的到来,使职业教育面临数字化转型的机遇和挑战。数字化转型不仅会改变职业教育的教学方式和内容,也对职业教育的专业群建设提出了新的要求。基于职业教育数字化转型的视角,分析数字化转型对职业教育专业群建设的影响,并从专业动态调整、师资队伍建设、在线资源库建设等方面提出专业群建设的有效策略。

论“数字弱势群体”权利保障的国家义务

全面数字化时代,如何充分保障“数字弱势群体”权利,是实现数字正义的重要内容。当下主流研究虽明确了通过法学范式保障“数字弱势群体”权利的正当性,但所采取的“权利进路”也因可操作性不足,制约了法律保障实效。我们需要结合国家保障民生的理论与实践,从国家在消除数字贫困、弥合数字鸿沟中的实际行动出发,完善“数字弱势群体”权利保障的国家义务。从理据来看,“数字弱势群体”权利保障的国家义务以其所享有的社会权为基础,目的在于通过国家义务设置,维护公民的多项社会权利。从内容来看,“数字弱势群体”权利保障的国家义务包括尊重、保护和给付三方面,且三方面又包含各自的具体要求。从实现来看,“数字弱势群体”权利保障的国家义务需要直面公民社会权的“非可诉性”难题,我们可以从扩大行政诉讼受案范围和进行公益诉讼两方面,展开国家义务履行不能时的法律救济。

信息障碍视角下数字政府适老化服务过程与模式研究——以大连市Z区为例

[目的/意义]本文通过明晰老年群体信息障碍,探求数字政府背景下老年信息弱势群体数字政务使用率低、获取难的脱困之道,从而助力我国数字政府适老服务“一体化”建设。[方法/过程]本文以大连市Z区为例,通过现场观察法、访谈法等研究方法,复盘Z区数字政府适老化服务建设过程。将ELIS信息障碍模型与Laslett人生四阶段理论相结合,对老年群体政务信息行为所遭遇的障碍进行全面分析,建构不同阶段的老年群体政务信息行为障碍模型。[结果/结论]老年群体的政务信息行为受生理、社会文化、情境、认知、情感与情绪等多种障碍的影响。本文建议地方政府关注身处需求侧的老年用户所面临的障碍,通过对不同生活阶段的老年人提供自主办理、半辅助式服务和替代式服务等针对性举措,更新数字政府适老化服务提供模式,以此推动数字政府适老服务从“碎片化”供给到“一体化”优化的深层次转变。

公共数字文化服务残疾人用户利用影响因素及信息无障碍完善路径研究

公共数字文化服务的信息无障碍建设是公共文化服务均等化发展、促进数字包容的重要议题。文章综合运用5S模型及民族志决策树模型等方法,针对残疾人用户群体开展实地访谈调研,对以残疾人为代表的特殊群体公共数字文化服务利用需求、障碍等进行实证分析研究;并对服务利用的影响因素进行扎根理论编码分析,形成残疾人群体公共数字文化服务利用影响因素的理论框架;在此基础上,提出公共数字文化服务信息无障碍完善路径,以更好地解决残疾人群体在利用公共数字文化服务过程中遇到的问题,促进数字时代公共文化服务均等化发展。

基于数智化视角的企业集团智慧型司库建设探究

随着数字经济的快速发展,企业集团需要加快数智化转型,作为集团运营管理重要载体的司库也需要相应转型。为满足司库数智化转型的三个基本要求。首先,需从司库的操作运营层、资源管控层、决策分析层等三个层级着手创新设计司库数智化转型的功能架构。其次,为支撑该功能架构,需从先进性、集成性、安全性、可拓展性等四个方面着手创新设计司库数智化转型的技术机构。最后,为确保建成智慧型司库,需从机制健全、过程管控、标准优化、数据治理等四个关键环节发力提供坚强保障举措。