“一般”的助词化及其主观描摹功能

"一般"经历了从临时数量短语到形容词再到比况助词的演化历程,其功能也相应地由标示种类至陈述类同,进而比拟描摹情状。以比拟描摹为基础,"一般"进一步衍生出主观性更强的测断描摹功能,主要包括正向测断和逆向测断两种方式,并呈现揣测性评价和否定性评价两种不同的情态特征。助词化"一般"的功能可以看作由比拟描摹至测断描摹的描摹连续统。

论“一般来说”的篇章特征

"一般来说"作为篇章连接成分和话语标记,所启引、所标记的篇章直接成分,多为陈述句,主要陈述事实的通常性和事理的普遍性。"一般来说"与其篇章直接成分所构成的语篇言语块,作为整体,与下文之间构成了一个语义承接连续统:换言→释词→释因→例说→归类→评说→推导→修正→反承,促进了篇章的形式衔接和语义连贯。篇章中与之有规律共现的词或短语,如"大多数、通常、不例外、却例外、如下、上述、因此、但是"等,既体现了与上下文之间的几种语义联系类型,又促进了不同层次的篇章语义和谐。

清末民初比况构式“(S)X一般”研究

以语言通俗的清末民初白话报刊为语料,运用构式语法对比况构式"(S)X一般"进行阐释,包括其表现形式、句法功能、构式义及语用价值等方面。此构式作谓语是占主导的句法功能,同时还作宾语、定语和状语。构式义是"用甲事物来比较乙事物"。该构式用于口语语体中,语用价值表现在描写性上。

粤港澳大湾区科技园地域性设计研究综述

文章综述了大湾区科技园地域性设计的理论研究进展;基于科技园地域性设计实践分类标准,对案例的类型及特点进行梳理;提出研究展望,以期为我国高质量发展背景下科技园的地域性设计提供参考。

PROGRESS OF GREY SYSTEM MODELS

The progress of grey system models is reviewed, and the general grey numbers, the grey sequence op- erators and several most commonly used grey system models are introduced, such as the absolute degree of grey incidence model, the grey cluster model based on endpoint triangular whitenization functions, the grey cluster model based on center-point triangular whitenization functions, the grey prediction model of the model GM （ 1,1）, and the weighted multi-attribute grey target decision model.

New Formulation for Arbitrary Cracks Problem and Its Stress Intensity Factor of Plane Elasticity

Aim The general arbitrary cracked problem in an elastic plane was discussed. Methods For the purpose of acquiring the solution of the problem, a new formulation on the problem was proposed. Compared with the classical plane elastic crack model, only the known conditions were revised in the new formulation, which are greatly convenient to solve the problem, and no other new condition was given. Results and Conclusion The general exact analytic solution is given here based on the formulation though the problem is very complicated. Furthermore, the stress intensity factors K Ⅰ, K Ⅱ of the problem are also given.

Robustness of Minimum Norm Quadratic Unbiased Estimator of Variance Under the General Linear Model

Necessary and sufficient conditions for equalities between a 2 y′(I-P Xx)y and minimum norm quadratic unbiased estimator of variance under the general linear model, where a 2 is a known positive number, are derived. Further, when the Gauss? Markov estimators and the ordinary least squares estimator are identical, a relative simply equivalent condition is obtained. At last, this condition is applied to an interesting example.

话语标记"一般说(来)"的语义特征、语用功能及其演变过程——兼论"一般说(来)"与"一般"的语用差异

在现代汉语中,"一般说(来)"属于弱断言类话语标记,具有强典型性及弱断言性的语义特征."一般说(来)"在句中主要起语篇和人际的语用功能."一般说(来)"的形成经历了"实义短语→话语标记"的过程,论辩力是其交际动因."说"的认知义和主观化,使"一般说(来)"常用于思维活动,也更具主观性.

KG2 over Rings with Division Rings of Quotients

A presentation of hyperbolic unitary group is an important part in the unitary group. The group KG 2,n (R) plays an elementary role in presentation of unitary group. It is proved that KG 2,n(R)=1 for n≥2 over a ring R with division ring of quotients, using a new method, and a presentation of GE n(R) is given.

摇头飞椅挠性吊挂件的安全可靠性比对分析

摇头飞椅挠性吊挂件的常用方式是圆环链或钢丝绳。本文以圆环链和钢丝绳为研究对象,从承载能力、抗挤压和碰撞能力等几个方面对其使用过程中的安全可靠性进行了比对分析,并就如何提高挠性吊挂件在使用过程中的安全可靠性提出了相关建议。

Cemented backfilling technology with unclassified tailings based on vertical sand silo

A new technology characterized by rapidly non-mechanical settlement of unclassified tailings was developed based on a large number of tests, and dynamic settlement and continual slurry preparation without hardening in vertical sand silo were eventually realized by the addition of an effective flocculating agent (NPA). The results show that the sedimentation velocity of interface between unclassified tailings and water after the addition of NPA increases by 10-20 times, the sedimentation mass fraction of unclassified tailings at the bottom of vertical sand silo is up to 64%, the solid particle content of waste water meets the national standard, and the side influences of NPA can be removed by the addition of fly ash. The industrial test result shows that the system, the addition manner and the equipments are rational, and the vertical sand silo is used efficiently. This developed system is simple with large throughput, and the processing cost is 2.2 yuan(RMB)/m3, only 10%-20% of that by mechanical settlement.

Extensions of strongly π-regular general rings

The concept of the strongly π-regular general ring （with or without unity） is introduced and some extensions of strongly π-regular general rings are considered. Two equivalent characterizations on strongly π- regular general rings are provided. It is shown that I is strongly π-regular if and only if, for each x ∈I, x^n =x^n＋1y = zx^n＋1 for n ≥ 1 and y, z ∈ I if and only if every element of I is strongly π-regular. It is also proved that every upper triangular matrix general ring over a strongly π-regular general ring is strongly π-regular and the trivial extension of the strongly π-regular general ring is strongly clean.

General Formulae for Two Pseudo-differential Operator

Some general formulas in the Sato theory related to the nonisospectral KP and mKP hierarchies are derived for simplifying calculations.

A general solution and approximation for the diffusion of gas in a spherical coal sample

The square root relationship of gas release in the early stage of desorption is widely used to provide a simple and fast estimation of the lost gas in coal mines. However, questions arise as to how the relationship was theoretically derived, what are the assumptions and applicable conditions and how large the error will be. In this paper, the analytical solutions of gas concentration and fractional gas loss for the diffusion of gas in a spherical coal sample were given with detailed mathematical derivations based on the diffusion equation. The analytical solutions were approximated in case of small values of time and the error analyses associated with the approximation were also undertaken. The results indicate that the square root relationship of gas release is the first term of the approximation, and care must be taken in using the square root relationship as a significant error might be introduced with increase in the lost time and decrease in effective diameter of a spherical coal sample.

Lie Symmetry and Conserved Quantities for Nonholonomic Vacco Dynamical Systems

In this paper the Lie symmetry and conserved quantities for nonholonomic Vacco dynamical systems are studied. The determining equation of the Lie symmetry for the system is given. The general Hojman conserved quantity and the Lutzky conserved quantity deduced from the symmetry are obtained.

Probabilistic Teleportation of an Unknown One-Particle State by a Three-Particle General W State

Two schemes for teleporting an unknown one-particle state are proposed when a general W state is utilized as quantum channel. In the first scheme, after the sender （Alice） makes a Bell-state measurement on her particles, the recipient （Bob） performs a Von Neumann measurement and introduces an auxiliary particle, and carries out a unitary transformation on his particle and the auxiliary particle, and performs a Von Neumann measurement on the auxiliary particle to confirm whether the teleportation succeeds or not. In the second scheme, the recipient （Bob） does not need to perform the first Von Neumann measurement or introduce the auxiliary particle, which is necessary in the first scheme. It is shown that the maxima/probabilities of successful teleportation of the two schemes are identical if the recipient （Bob） performs an appropriate unitary transformation and adopts a proper particle on which he recovers the quantum information of state to be teleported.

Evaluation of Normal Adrenal Gland Volume by 64-slice CT

Objective To measure volume and other parameters of normal adrenal glands in Chinese adults with 64-slice multidetector CT, to evaluate the relationship of volume result with age, sex and body size, and to explore the correlations between adrenal volume and other measurements. Methods This study was based on 125 acquired contrast-enhanced upper abdominal CT scans performed with a 64-slice CT. The final study group consisted of 81 patients (49 males, 32 females). Portal venous phase images were studied for the measurements. Both the reconstruction interval and thickness were 1.5 mm. Each adrenal gland was outlined manually with computer-assistant technology to calculate its volume. The maximal sectional area, length, width and thickness of each adrenal gland were also measured. Results The mean age of total population was 47.9±13.0 (range: 20-76) years. The left, right, and total adrenal gland volumes were 4.23±0.74 (range: 2.85-5.83) cm 3 , 4.26±0.86 (2.59-6.56) cm 3 , and 8.50±1.40 (5.80-11.39) cm 3 , respectively. These volumes increased with weight (r=0.381, 0.389, and 0.437 respectively, all P<0.001), height (r=0.386, P<0.001; r=0.297, P=0.007; r=0.384, P<0.001) and body surface area (r=0.406, 0.392, and 0.452, all P<0.001). There was no significant difference in left, right or total adrenal volume with regard to sex after applying General Linear Model procedure to reduce the impact of weight (F=1.304, 0.064, and 0.597, all P>0.05), nor did volume change significantly with age (r=-0.033, -0.014, and -0.026, all P>0.05). Nearly all descriptors of bilateral adrenal glands correlated with ipsilateral volume except thickness (r=-0.027, P=0.814) and width (r=0.166, P=0.138) in the left side. Among these parameters, length had a stronger correlation with volume than others in the both left (r=0.412, P<0.001) and right (r=0.516, P<0.001) adrenal glands. Conclusion Our study has defined the volume distribution and other parameters of normal adrenal glands in Chinese adults, which provide a baseline for future studies.

The effect of mining face＇s direction on the observed seismic activity

A major natural hazard associated with LGOM （Legnica-Glogow Copper Mining） mining is the dynamic phenomena occurrence, physically observed as seismic tremors. Some of them generate effects in the form of relaxations or bumps. Long-term observations of the rock mass behaviour indicate that the degree of seismic hazard, and therefore also seismic activity in the LGOM area, is affected by the great depth of the copper deposit, high-strength rocks as well as the ability of rock mass to accumulate elastic energy. In this aspect, the effect of the characteristics of initial stress tensor and the orientation of considered mining panel in regards to its components must be emphasised. The primary objective of this study is to answer the question, which of the factors considered as ＂influencing＂ the dynamic phenomena occurrence in copper mines have a statistically significant effect on seismic activity and to what extent. Using the general linear model procedure, an attempt has been made to quantify the impact of different parameters, including the depth of deposit, the presence of goaf in the vicinity of operating mining panels and the direction of mining face advance, on seismic activity based on historical data from 2000 to 2010 concerned with the dynamic phenomena recorded in different mining panels in Rudna mine. The direction of mining face advance as well as the goaf situation in the vicinity of the mining panel are of the greatest interest in the case of the seismic activity in LGOM. It can be assumed that the appropriate manipulation of parameters of mining systems should ensure the safest variant of mining method under specific geological and mining conditions.

Larval and Juvenile Growth Performance of Manila Clam Hybrids of Two Full-Sib Families

In order to determine whether growth performance could be improved by hybridizing full-sib families of Manila clam （Ruditapes philippinarum）, crosses between two full-sib families including self and reciprocal crosses were carried out. The effects of heterosis, combining ability and interaction on the growth of shell length were estimated. The results showed that the growth of hybrid larvae was intermediate between parents on days 6 and 9. Heterosis on shell length was observed, which varied at juvenile stage. The cross of ♂A×♀B （Hp varied between 10.41% and 68.27%） displayed larger heterosis than ♂A×♀B （Hp varied between 1.89% and 32.33%） did, suggesting that ♂A×♀B was an ideal hatchery method of improving the growth performance of Manila clam. The variances of general combining ability （GCA）, special combining ability （SCA） and interaction （I） were significant in shell length （P〈 0.05）, indicating that both additive and non-additive genetic factors were important contributors to the growth of larvae and juveniles. The GCA for shell length of ♂A×♀B was higher than that of ♂A×♀B at both larval and juvenile stages. This con- firmed that the cross between ♂A and ♀B showed great growth in shell length. In summary, the growth of Manila clam seeds could be improved by hybridizing selected parents from large numbers of full-sib families.

Analytical solution of temperature in laminated beams subjected to general thermal boundary conditions

The temperature distribution in laminated beams underging thermal boundary conditions has been investigated.The thermal boundary conditions are general and include various combinations of prescribed heat fluxes and temperatures at the edges.An analytical solution of temperature for the laminated beam is present on the basis of the heat conduction theory in this paper.The proposed method is applicable to the beams with arbitrary thickness and layer numbers.Due to the complexity of the boundary conditions,the temperature field to be determined was considered from two sources.The first part was the temperature field from the complex temperature conditions at two edges of the laminated beam.The solution for the temperature of the first part was constructed to satisfy temperature boundary conditions at two edges.The second part was the temperature field from the upper and lower surface temperatures without taking account of the thermal conditions at two edges.In this part,the exact solution for the temperature was obtained based on the heat conduction theory.The convergence of the solution was examined by analyzing terms of Fourier series.The validity and feasibility of the proposed method was verified by comparing theoretical results with numerical results due to the equivalent single layer approach and the finite element method(FEM).The influences of surface temperatures,beam thicknesses,layer numbers and material properties with respects to the solution of the temperature field of the beam were investigated via a series of parametric studies.