上海同步辐射装置医学应用光束线和实验站物理设计

完成了上海同步辐射装置医学应用光束线和实验站的物理设计，并开始了有关技术设计及其难点的初步考虑。采用一个磁场强度为1.8T、周期数为10的多极扭摆器为冠状动脉心血管造提供所需的强X光束；利用一块Laue弯晶Si(111)单色器可得到比所需大三倍、能量分别在碘吸收边上下的二束单色X光束；造影过程将通过病人座椅的扫描运动和一个双列线形探测器来实现。

基于DeviceNet的设备级控制

预制研究中的上海同步辐射装置控制系统是一个基于Ethernet和DeviceNet现场总线的分布式系统 ,设备级控制是建立该系统的重点和难点之一。本文介绍采用DeviceNet接口的设备控制器的研制及其软硬件结构 ,并给出在磁铁电源控制中的应用实例。联机测试结果表明模拟量设定及回读精度优于 3× 10 - 5。

DBPM signal processing with field programmable gate arrays

DBPM system performance is determined by the design and implementation of beam position signal processing algorithm.In order to develop the system,a beam position signal processing algorithm is implemented on FPGA.The hardware is a PMC board ICS-1554A-002(GE Corp.)with FPGA chip XC5VSX95T.This paper adopts quadrature frequency mixing to down convert high frequency signal to base.Different from conventional method,the mixing is implemented by CORDIC algorithm.The algorithm theory and implementation details are discussed in this paper.As the board contains no front end gain controller,this paper introduces a published patent-pending technique that has been adopted to realize the function in digital logic.The whole design is implemented with VHDL language. An on-line evaluation has been carried on SSRF(Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility)storage ring.Results indicate that the system turn-by-turn data can measure the real beam movement accurately,and system resolution is 1.1μm.

Introduction of the X-ray diffraction beamline of SSRF

The X-ray diffraction beamline developed at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)is located at the BL14B1 bending magnet port of the 3.5 Ge V storage ring. The beamline optics is based on a collimating mirror,a sagittally focused double crystal monochromator and a focusing mirror. Photon flux of 4.43 × 1011phs/s at10 ke V is obtained. The primary instrument equipped in the experimental end-station is a Huber 5021 sixcycle diffractometer. BL14B1 is a general purpose X-ray diffraction beamline and focused on material science,condensed matter physics and other relevant fields looking for structural information.

Latest advances of X-ray imaging and biomedical applications beamline at SSRF

On May 6, 2009, the X-ray imaging and biomedical application beamline(BL13W1) at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF) officially opened to users, with 8–72.5 ke V X-rays. The experimental station is equipped with four sets of X-ray CCD detectors of different pixel size(0.19–24 μm) for on-line phase-contrast imaging and micro-CT imaging with 0.8 μm spatial resolution and 1 ms temporal resolution. An in vivo microCT experiment for a living insect was realized in 4 s. An X-ray fluorescence detector is equipped for X-ray fluorescence mapping imaging and X-ray fluorescence micro-CT imaging with 50 μm spatial resolution. In order to meet different requirements from the users, several experimental methods, such as X-ray spiral micro-CT, Xray local micro-CT, X-ray fast micro-CT, X-ray grating-based differential micro-CT, X-ray fluorescence microCT and X-ray quantitative micro-CT have been developed, and nearly 60 papers related to those developments for this beamline have been published. Moreover, the beamline has realized the remote fast CT reconstruction,providing a great convenience for the users to process experimental data at their offices. As of August 2014,the beamline has offered the user beamtime of(23 145 h), from which 232 user papers have been published,including 151 SCI papers and 55 papers with SCI impact factor > 3. The quantity and quality of the user paper outcome keep a steady increase. Some typical user experimental results are introduced.

涡流板型切割磁铁半正弦波脉冲电源预制研究

预研中的上海同步辐射光源需要为其涡流板型切割磁铁提供幅度高达 10kA的半正弦波脉冲电流和相对较窄的脉冲宽度 (约 6 0 μs) ,并且光源需要此脉冲电源具有优良的性能 ,尤其是输出脉冲电流幅度稳定度和调节范围。为便于维护 ,将脉冲电源置于电源厅内 ,经RG2 2 0 /U高频高压同轴电缆与切割磁铁相连。本文介绍该脉冲电源的设计和研制结果。

The XAFS beamline of SSRF

The BL14W1 beamline at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF) is an X-ray absorption finestructure(XAFS) beamline, for investigating atomic local structure, which is demanded extensively in the fields of physics, chemistry, materials science, environmental science and so on. The beamline is based on a 38-pole wiggler with the maximum magnetic field of 1.2 T. X-rays of 4.5–40 ke V can be extracted by the optical scheme consisting of white beam vertical collimating mirror, liquid-nitrogen-cooled double crystal monochromator of Si(111) and Si(311), toroidal focusing mirror and higher harmonics rejection mirror. The maximum photon flux about 5 × 1012photons/s at the sample at 10 ke V, with a beam size of 0.3 mm × 0.3 mm. The beamline is equipped with four types of detectors for experiments in either transmission or fluorescence mode. At present,quick-XAFS, grazing incidence XAFS, X-ray emission spectroscopy, high-pressure XAFS and time-resolved X-ray excited optical luminescence methods have been developed.

In-line X-ray phase-contrast imaging of murine liver microvasculature ex vivo

Imaging blood vessels is of importance for determining the vascular distribution of organs and tumors.Phase-contrast X-ray imaging can reveal the vessels in much more detail than conventional X-ray absorption method.Visualizing murine liver microvasculature ex vivo with phase-contrast X-ray imaging was performed at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility.Barium sulfate and physiological saline were used as contrast agents for the blood vessels.Blood vessels of <Φ20μm could be detected by replacing resident blood with physiological saline or barium sulfate.An entire branch of the portal vein (from the main axial portal vein to the ninth generation of branching) could be captured in a single phase-contrast image.It is demonstrated that selective angiography based on phase contrast X-ray imaging,with a physiological material of low Z elements (such as saline) being the contrast agent,is a viable imaging strategy.Further efforts will be focused on using the technique to image tumor angiogenesis.

Latest advances in soft X-ray spectromicroscopy at SSRF

The BL08U1 A beamline is established as a sophisticated platform at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF), taking advantage of its high spatial resolution(< 30 nm) and high energy resolving power(>10 000),for studying properties of solid, liquid, gas, film and other forms of materials at sub-micron scale. In this paper,we present a review on newly implemented techniques, such as total electron yield(TEY), dual energy contrast imaging, nano-CT, soft X-ray excited optical luminance(SXEOL), and coherent diffraction imaging(CDI)under development. Several research cases in nanomaterials, environmental science and biology are presented to demonstrate capabilities of the beamline.

Study of algorithms of phase advance measurement between BPMs and its application in SSRF

As a third generation light source, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) has up to 140 beam position monitors (BPM) installed to monitor the beam dynamics on its storage ring. Once the operation mode is chosen, the betatron functions are determined. Since the sinusoidal betatron oscillation is the dominant component of the transverse motion, these BPMs can be used to measure the motion to get the betatron functions. Three methods are compared to calculate the phase advance among the BPMs in this paper, aiming to find one or more feasible ways to check the beam optics in SSRF. Some experiments have also been made to verify the practicality of the phase information.

Baseline recovery method to measure bunch charge under low-current mode of SSRF

The top-up injection mode of Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF) needs precise measurement of the beam bunch charges.This is performed by an integration current transformer,but the beam current is too low to neglect the background noise.In order to wipe out the noise coming from the ground loops,the adaptable polynomial fitting method is used to extract the baseline,instead of using the constant background or the linear background model. Test results show that the system resolution can be improved to <3%.

Low-alpha optics design for SSRF

In this paper,short pulse radiation in Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)is generated by the low momentum compaction factor(α_C)optics,and three kinds of the low-α_C optics are found,with the very lowα_C being adopted by reducing dispersion in the straight section to negative value in the SSRF.Energy acceptance is selected as objective functions in nonlinear optimization rather than the second orderα_C or other nonlinear driving terms.The optimal result is improved step-by-step by randomly setting harmonic sextupole strengths.Two optics modes,i.e.low positiveα_C and low negativeα_C,are analyzed.In order to get a large energy acceptance and only one stable point in longitudinal phase space,the low negativeα_C optics is taken as an operation mode for the short pulse radiation in the SSRF.

Developments at SSRF in soft X-ray interference lithography

The soft X-ray interference lithography(XIL) branch beamline at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF) is briefly introduced in this article. It is designed for obtaining 1D(line/space) and 2D(dot/hole)periodic nanostructures by using two or more coherent extreme ultraviolet(EUV) beams from an undulator source. A transmission-diffraction-grating type of interferometer is used at the end station. Initial results reveal high performance of the beamline, with 50 nm half-pitch 1D and 2D patterns from a single exposure area of400 μm× 400 μm. XIL is used in a growing number of areas, such as EUV resist test, surface enhanced Raman scattering(SERS) and color filter plasmonic devices. By using highly coherent EUV beam, broadband coherent diffractive imaging can be performed on the XIL beamline. Well reconstructed pinhole of φ20 μm has been realized.

Multi-bunch injection for SSRF storage ring

The multi-bunch injection adopted at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF) increases the injection rate greatly, with much less injection time than that of single bunch injection. It reduces massively the beam failure time during users' operation and prolongs the pulsed injection hardware lifetime. In this paper, the scheme to produce multi bunches for the RF electron gun is described. The filling result and beam orbit stability for top up operation is discussed.

EPICS data archiver at SSRF beamlines

The control system of SSRF(Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility)is based on EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System).Operation data storage for synchrotron radiation facility is important for its status monitoring and analysis.At SSRF,operation data used to be index files recorded by traditional EPICS Channel Archiver.Nevertheless,index files are not suitable for long-term maintenance and difficult for data analysis.Now,RDB Channel Archiver and MySQL are used for SSRF beamline operation data archiving,so as to promote the data storage reliability and usability.By applying a new uploading mechanism to RDB Channel Archiver.its writing performance is improved.A web-based GUI(Graphics User Interface)is also developed to make it easier to access database.

The macromolecular crystallography beamline of SSRF

The macromolecular crystallography beamline BL17U1 at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF) is the first dedicated macromolecular crystallography(MX) beamline at a third-generation synchrotron in China. It utilizes an in-vacuum undulator as a source and is energy-tunable from 5 to 18 ke V. The beamline was commissioned and opened for users in April 2009. The experimental station was upgraded in 2011 with an advanced detector, a high precision goniometer and an automatic sample exchanger for high efficient and high-throughput data collection of protein crystals. The current set-up allows for remote operation of sample mounting, centering and data collection of pre-frozen crystals. In recent two years, the number of PDB depositions from this beamline exceeds 330 each year. In this paper, we describe the complete BL17U1 beamline with upgraded end station and how it is managed for user community.

A beam position measurement system of fully digital signal processing at SSRF

This fully digital beam position measurement instrument is designed for beam position monitoring and machine research in Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility. The signals received from four position-sensitive detectors are narrow pulses with a repetition rate up to 499.654 MHz and a pulse width of around 100 ps, and their dynamic range could vary over more than 40 dB in machine research. By the employment of the under-sampling technique based on high-speed high-resolution A/D conversion, all the processing procedure is performed fully by the digital signal processing algorithms integrated in one single Field Programmable Gate Array. This system functions well in the laboratory and commissioning tests, demonstrating a position resolution (at the turn by turn rate of 694 kHz) better than 7 μm over the input amplitude range of -40 dBm to 10 dBm which is well beyond the requirement.

Lattice design and optimization of the SSRF storage ring with super-bends

In the near future,the Phase-Ⅱ beamline project of Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)will be implemented and some dipoles in the storage ring will be replaced by high field dipoles(super-bend),so as to leave room for short straight sections.In this way,the brightness of the hard x-ray emitted from the super-bends can be enhanced,and more insertion devices can be installed.In this paper,super-bends of two lengths are discussed and the corresponding lattices are presented.

Clock distribution and local oscillator of a digital low-level radio-frequency board for SSRF

In the storage ring RF system of Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility,the clock distribution and the local oscillator are two parts of the digital low level radio frequency hardware board.In this paper,we designed and produced the clock distribution and the local oscillator board using the AD9858 and AD9510 chips.The results show that the phase noise of the local oscillator signal is lower than 100dBc/Hz with 50 kHz offset.

Dose rate distribution of photoneutrons in an ID beamline of SSRF: simulations and measurements

Photoneutrons, emitted by means of photonuclear interactions when gas bremsstrahlung interacts with beamline components, can be another potential radiation source needed to be considered for shielding design and dose assessment of beamline. In this paper, simulations and measurements of photoneutrons dose rate at beamline BL09 U are carried out when Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF) running at Top-up mode(3.5 GeV, 235 mA). A geometry model is constructed for the beamline BL09 U with considerations of the scattering process of the major optical components. The model is compiled into Monte Carlo simulation code FLUKA to calculate photoneutron dose distribution. Measurements of the photoneutrons dose rate were performed by using Environmental Neutron Monitor(ENM). Observation points were arranged uniformly along the inside and outside of the optical enclosure(OE) of BL09 U. The calculation results agree with experiments within the measurements uncertainties. It is verified that photoneutrons dose simulation is reliable. The simulation and measurement methods can be applied to evaluate the neutron dose level of other beamline stations, and provide references for the shielding design of the beamlines at SSRF in the near future.