Background: Anosognosia is a common manifestation of Al zheimers disease. T here is an association between impaired awareness and frontal executive cogniti ve deficits. Anosognosia is also correlated with decreased ...Background: Anosognosia is a common manifestation of Al zheimers disease. T here is an association between impaired awareness and frontal executive cogniti ve deficits. Anosognosia is also correlated with decreased metabolism in the rig ht hemisphere, particularly in frontal lobe regions. Objective: To investigate p athological correlates of anosognosia in Alzhe imers disease. Design: 41 subj ects followed longitudinally in the University of Pittsburgh memory disorders cl inic and with necropsy verified Alzheimers disease were divided into two group s, based on previous clinical assessment: +Aware (n = 23) and Aware (n = 18). A subset analysis matching sub jects for dementia severity using mini mental state examination scores was also carried out (13 +Aware; 13 Aware). Histopat hological data from necropsy brain tissue consisted of senile plaque (SP) and ne urofibrillary tangle (NFT) counts (regional density) from four different brain r egions in the right and left hemispheres: superior and middle frontal gyri (SMF) , superior temporal isocortex (ST), the prosubiculum of the hippocampus (PRO), a nd the entorhinal cortex (EC). Results: SP density was greater in the right PRO region of Aware subjects (F = 6.54, p = 0.015) than +Aware subjects. Signific ant differences between SP or NFT density were not observed in any other regions . In the subset analysis matching for dementia severity, SP density was again gr eater in the right PRO region of Aware subjects than in the other regions (F = 12.72, p = 0.002). Conclusions: Increased SP density in the right PRO region suggests that selective pathological involvement of th is area contributes to awareness deficits in Alzheimers disease. The putative role of the PRO in self appraisal may reflect its interconnections with other me dial temporal and prefrontal regions.展开更多
Objective To investigate whether environmental cues associated with different properties of morphine could regulate the extracellular levels of glutamate and y-aminobutyric acid （GABA） in the hippocampal ventral sub...Objective To investigate whether environmental cues associated with different properties of morphine could regulate the extracellular levels of glutamate and y-aminobutyric acid （GABA） in the hippocampal ventral subiculum, which play a critical role in the reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior induced by environmental cues. Methods Conditioning place preference （CPP） and conditioning place aversion （CPA） models were used to establish environment associated with rewarding and aversive properties of morphine respectively. Microdialysis and high performance liquid chromatography were used to measure the extracelluar level of glutamate and GABA in the ventral subiculum under these environmental cues. Results Exposure to the environmental cues associated with rewarding properties of morphine resulted in a decrease （approximately 11%） of extracellular level of GABA in ventral subiculum, and exposure to the environmental cues associated with aversive properties of morphine resulted in an increase （approximately 230%） of extracellular level of glutamate in ventral subiculum. Conclusion Environmental cues associated with different properties of morphine modulate the release of distinct neurotransmitters in the hippocampal ventral subiculum possibly through different neural circuit.展开更多
临床一旦患者罹患难治性癫痫,对其治疗就会非常棘手,给患者及社会带来很大的负担。因此解析癫痫耐药形成的关键并据此寻找特异性的治疗手段或靶点就显得尤为迫切。2019年第4期《神经病学年鉴》( Annals of Neurology )发表了陈忠教授团...临床一旦患者罹患难治性癫痫,对其治疗就会非常棘手,给患者及社会带来很大的负担。因此解析癫痫耐药形成的关键并据此寻找特异性的治疗手段或靶点就显得尤为迫切。2019年第4期《神经病学年鉴》( Annals of Neurology )发表了陈忠教授团队的研究成果“Subicular pyramidal neurons gate drug resistance in temporal lobe epilepsy”(https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ana.25554),首次揭示了颞叶癫痫耐药形成的关键“门控”是下托锥体神经元。研究人员利用电生理记录发现抗癫痫药苯妥英钠无法抑制耐药大鼠下托锥体神经元放电。且进一步选择性抑制下托锥体神经元可以逆转耐药,而选择性激活则直接诱导耐药,提示下托锥体神经元对于颞叶癫痫耐药的形成是充分而必要的。展开更多
文摘Background: Anosognosia is a common manifestation of Al zheimers disease. T here is an association between impaired awareness and frontal executive cogniti ve deficits. Anosognosia is also correlated with decreased metabolism in the rig ht hemisphere, particularly in frontal lobe regions. Objective: To investigate p athological correlates of anosognosia in Alzhe imers disease. Design: 41 subj ects followed longitudinally in the University of Pittsburgh memory disorders cl inic and with necropsy verified Alzheimers disease were divided into two group s, based on previous clinical assessment: +Aware (n = 23) and Aware (n = 18). A subset analysis matching sub jects for dementia severity using mini mental state examination scores was also carried out (13 +Aware; 13 Aware). Histopat hological data from necropsy brain tissue consisted of senile plaque (SP) and ne urofibrillary tangle (NFT) counts (regional density) from four different brain r egions in the right and left hemispheres: superior and middle frontal gyri (SMF) , superior temporal isocortex (ST), the prosubiculum of the hippocampus (PRO), a nd the entorhinal cortex (EC). Results: SP density was greater in the right PRO region of Aware subjects (F = 6.54, p = 0.015) than +Aware subjects. Signific ant differences between SP or NFT density were not observed in any other regions . In the subset analysis matching for dementia severity, SP density was again gr eater in the right PRO region of Aware subjects than in the other regions (F = 12.72, p = 0.002). Conclusions: Increased SP density in the right PRO region suggests that selective pathological involvement of th is area contributes to awareness deficits in Alzheimers disease. The putative role of the PRO in self appraisal may reflect its interconnections with other me dial temporal and prefrontal regions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30230130 and No.30400129)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2003CB515405,No.2005CB522406)+1 种基金the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team of Ministry of Education of ChinaShanghai Municipal Commission for Science and Technology(No.06JC14008).
文摘Objective To investigate whether environmental cues associated with different properties of morphine could regulate the extracellular levels of glutamate and y-aminobutyric acid （GABA） in the hippocampal ventral subiculum, which play a critical role in the reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior induced by environmental cues. Methods Conditioning place preference （CPP） and conditioning place aversion （CPA） models were used to establish environment associated with rewarding and aversive properties of morphine respectively. Microdialysis and high performance liquid chromatography were used to measure the extracelluar level of glutamate and GABA in the ventral subiculum under these environmental cues. Results Exposure to the environmental cues associated with rewarding properties of morphine resulted in a decrease （approximately 11%） of extracellular level of GABA in ventral subiculum, and exposure to the environmental cues associated with aversive properties of morphine resulted in an increase （approximately 230%） of extracellular level of glutamate in ventral subiculum. Conclusion Environmental cues associated with different properties of morphine modulate the release of distinct neurotransmitters in the hippocampal ventral subiculum possibly through different neural circuit.
文摘临床一旦患者罹患难治性癫痫,对其治疗就会非常棘手,给患者及社会带来很大的负担。因此解析癫痫耐药形成的关键并据此寻找特异性的治疗手段或靶点就显得尤为迫切。2019年第4期《神经病学年鉴》( Annals of Neurology )发表了陈忠教授团队的研究成果“Subicular pyramidal neurons gate drug resistance in temporal lobe epilepsy”(https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ana.25554),首次揭示了颞叶癫痫耐药形成的关键“门控”是下托锥体神经元。研究人员利用电生理记录发现抗癫痫药苯妥英钠无法抑制耐药大鼠下托锥体神经元放电。且进一步选择性抑制下托锥体神经元可以逆转耐药,而选择性激活则直接诱导耐药,提示下托锥体神经元对于颞叶癫痫耐药的形成是充分而必要的。
