Long ago a Polish monarch (君主) disappeared whilehunting.After a frantic search,his ministers found him in anearby village.Dressed in coarse garb (服装),he was workingas a porter.
HIV-1 evolves strongly and undergoes geographic differentiation as it spreads in diverse host populations around the world.For instance,distinct genomic backgrounds can be observed between the pandemic subtype B,preva...HIV-1 evolves strongly and undergoes geographic differentiation as it spreads in diverse host populations around the world.For instance,distinct genomic backgrounds can be observed between the pandemic subtype B,prevalent in Europe and North-America,and its offspring clade B＇ in East Asia.Here we ask whether this differentiation affects the selection pressure experienced by the virus.To answer this question we evaluate selection pressure on the HIV-1 envelope protein gp120 at the level of individual codons using a simple and fast estimation method based on the ratio ka/ks of amino acid changes to synonymous changes.To validate the approach we compare results to those from a state-of-the-art mixed-effect method.The agreement is acceptable,but the analysis also demonstrates some limitations of the simpler approach.Further,we find similar distributions of codons under stabilizing and directional selection pressure in gp120 for subtypes B and B＇ with more directional selection pressure in variable loops and more stabilizing selection in the constant regions.Focusing on codons with increased ka/ks values in B＇,we show that these codons are scattered over the whole of gp120,with remarkable clusters of higher density in regions flanking the variable loops.We identify a significant statistical association of glycosylation sites and codons with increased ka/ks values.展开更多
Crop germplasm resources are the material basis for the breeding of new varieties, and strategic resources for food production, ecological security and agricultural sustainable development. Constructing a scientific, ...Crop germplasm resources are the material basis for the breeding of new varieties, and strategic resources for food production, ecological security and agricultural sustainable development. Constructing a scientific, environmental-friendly and energy-saving medium-term genebank is essential for preserving crop germplasm resources. However, the construction of medium-term genebank involves a wide range of subjects but lacks unified standard, which might result in many difficulties in the process of construction and application. According to the key parameters of refrigeration system for medium-term genebank, the cooling load was calculated and key system schemes were determined in this paper. Based on the calculation results and designed schemes, the equipment selection was discussed and the standards for construction of bank and monitoring system were proposed with the aim to provide references for germplasm genebank design and equipment selection.展开更多
Forty-five years ago,Joka was just a herder grazing animals on Damxung Grassland in the Tibet Autonomous Region.At that time,the concept of music class did not exist in the curriculum of local elementary schools,so th...Forty-five years ago,Joka was just a herder grazing animals on Damxung Grassland in the Tibet Autonomous Region.At that time,the concept of music class did not exist in the curriculum of local elementary schools,so the boy＇s musical talent originated from the traditional pastoral songs and dances characteristic of his hometown.Nowadays,53-year-old Joka has become the first post-doctoral candidate for professional music composition in China as well as the first Tibetan musicology master and doctor.展开更多
In today’s global integration, TV dance talent show has gradually developed into a cultural industry, the trend of cross-cultural communication more and more significant. In this paper, Shanghai Oriental TV’s “ So ...In today’s global integration, TV dance talent show has gradually developed into a cultural industry, the trend of cross-cultural communication more and more significant. In this paper, Shanghai Oriental TV’s “ So You Think You Can Dance “ as the object of study, through the interpretation of the connotation of cross-cultural communication to analyze TV dance show across national boundaries. The entertainment dissemination form, the honorable person show dissemination charm and the audience participation the propagation effect three aspects analyze the television to dance choose the show program trans-culture dissemination the characteristic, then proposed that we must restructure the television to dance chooses the show program trans-culture dissemination the shape to need to pay great attention to cultural the compatibility, the dissemination mark innovation as well as the innovation proliferation.展开更多
文摘Long ago a Polish monarch (君主) disappeared whilehunting.After a frantic search,his ministers found him in anearby village.Dressed in coarse garb (服装),he was workingas a porter.
基金Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(http://www.dfg.de),grant TRR60/A6the University of Duisburg-Essen(http://www.uni-due.de)the Chinese Key National Science and Technology Program in the 12th Five-YearPeriod,grant 2012ZX10001006-002
文摘HIV-1 evolves strongly and undergoes geographic differentiation as it spreads in diverse host populations around the world.For instance,distinct genomic backgrounds can be observed between the pandemic subtype B,prevalent in Europe and North-America,and its offspring clade B＇ in East Asia.Here we ask whether this differentiation affects the selection pressure experienced by the virus.To answer this question we evaluate selection pressure on the HIV-1 envelope protein gp120 at the level of individual codons using a simple and fast estimation method based on the ratio ka/ks of amino acid changes to synonymous changes.To validate the approach we compare results to those from a state-of-the-art mixed-effect method.The agreement is acceptable,but the analysis also demonstrates some limitations of the simpler approach.Further,we find similar distributions of codons under stabilizing and directional selection pressure in gp120 for subtypes B and B＇ with more directional selection pressure in variable loops and more stabilizing selection in the constant regions.Focusing on codons with increased ka/ks values in B＇,we show that these codons are scattered over the whole of gp120,with remarkable clusters of higher density in regions flanking the variable loops.We identify a significant statistical association of glycosylation sites and codons with increased ka/ks values.
文摘Crop germplasm resources are the material basis for the breeding of new varieties, and strategic resources for food production, ecological security and agricultural sustainable development. Constructing a scientific, environmental-friendly and energy-saving medium-term genebank is essential for preserving crop germplasm resources. However, the construction of medium-term genebank involves a wide range of subjects but lacks unified standard, which might result in many difficulties in the process of construction and application. According to the key parameters of refrigeration system for medium-term genebank, the cooling load was calculated and key system schemes were determined in this paper. Based on the calculation results and designed schemes, the equipment selection was discussed and the standards for construction of bank and monitoring system were proposed with the aim to provide references for germplasm genebank design and equipment selection.
文摘Forty-five years ago,Joka was just a herder grazing animals on Damxung Grassland in the Tibet Autonomous Region.At that time,the concept of music class did not exist in the curriculum of local elementary schools,so the boy＇s musical talent originated from the traditional pastoral songs and dances characteristic of his hometown.Nowadays,53-year-old Joka has become the first post-doctoral candidate for professional music composition in China as well as the first Tibetan musicology master and doctor.
文摘In today’s global integration, TV dance talent show has gradually developed into a cultural industry, the trend of cross-cultural communication more and more significant. In this paper, Shanghai Oriental TV’s “ So You Think You Can Dance “ as the object of study, through the interpretation of the connotation of cross-cultural communication to analyze TV dance show across national boundaries. The entertainment dissemination form, the honorable person show dissemination charm and the audience participation the propagation effect three aspects analyze the television to dance choose the show program trans-culture dissemination the characteristic, then proposed that we must restructure the television to dance chooses the show program trans-culture dissemination the shape to need to pay great attention to cultural the compatibility, the dissemination mark innovation as well as the innovation proliferation.
