The southwesterly low-level jet （LLJ） over southeast China in the summer of 2003 is analyzed in this study. The analysis is based on the National Centers for Environmental Prediction （NCEP） Final （FNL） operation...The southwesterly low-level jet （LLJ） over southeast China in the summer of 2003 is analyzed in this study. The analysis is based on the National Centers for Environmental Prediction （NCEP） Final （FNL） operational global analysis data on 1.0-1.0-degree grids at 6-h intervals. The major criteria for choosing the LLJ ineluded the following： a maximum wind speed equal to or greater than 12.0 m s-1, a wind direction of between 180° and 270°, and the height of wind maximum at 900-700 hPa, not confined to single pressure level. The results show that the LLJs over southeast China dominate at 850 and 800 hPa. These LLJs are closely associated with the topography of this area and tend to locate regions with large terrain gradients, including the northeastern and eastem Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. Under the influence of mid-latitude westerly winds, the LLJs above 750 hPa move northward to the Yangtze-Huai River Basin. Com- pared to the ten-year （2000-2009） mean climate condi- tions, the LLJs in the warm season of summer 2003 were exceptionally active and strong, as reflected by the posi- tive anomalies of LLJ occurrence numbers and wind speed. In addition, the 2003 LLJs showed strong diurnal variation, especially at pressure levels below 800 hPa. The majority of the LLJs appeared between midnight and the early moming hours （before 8 a.m.）. Finally, the summary of LLJ grid numbers indicates that more than 80% of LLJs in June and July 2003 occurred within the 33-d rainy period. Thus, these LLJs are directly related to the anomalously heavy rainfall in the Yangtze-Huai River Basin.展开更多
The types, composition and physico-chemical conditions of primary fluid inclusions were researched. The results show that the primary fluid inclusions contain vapor and liquid phase type （Type I）, daughter mineral-b...The types, composition and physico-chemical conditions of primary fluid inclusions were researched. The results show that the primary fluid inclusions contain vapor and liquid phase type （Type I）, daughter mineral-bearing type （Type II） and pure liquid phase type （Type III）. The compositions of vapor are mainly H20 and CO2 with a tiny amounts of CH4 and H2; the liquid phase mainly contains Mg2＋, Ca2＋, Na＋, K＋, CI- and SO]-, and w（Na＋）/w（K＋）〉l; the homogenization temperatures of the primary fluid inclusions can be divided into 190-250 ℃, 250-340 ℃ and 360-420 ℃, corresponding to the salinities of 4%-9%, 9%-14%, and 14%-20.43% （NaC1 equivalent mass fraction）, respectively. The mineralization process can be divided into three episodes： the silicatization stage, the quartz-sulfide stage, and the carbonatization stage, and all of them are associated with the ore-forming hydrothermal fluid activity. The origin of the hydrothermal fluid is from magrnatic water mainly, and later it mixes with the groundwater and meteoric water, which lead to the decrease of temperature and salinity. The decrease of salinity, temperature and pressure are the main causes of the metallogenic elements unloading and enriching in the favorable position.展开更多
In China, seasonal frozen soil is widely distributed. The freezing damage of subgrade soil in Jilin Province has been one of major engineering geological problems troubling the safety of road, in which some common dam...In China, seasonal frozen soil is widely distributed. The freezing damage of subgrade soil in Jilin Province has been one of major engineering geological problems troubling the safety of road, in which some common damage phenomena, such as frost heave, subsidence deformation and frost boiling, are all caused by water translocation. Aiming at the phenomenon, the changes of moisture content of seasonal frozen soil in Changchun City are mainly studied by long-term field observation and indoor testing of physical properties under different conditions, and then the variation characteristics of moisture content in soil under different compactness and temperature conditions are realized. The results show that the increasing section of moisture content and negative temperature section all lie in O. 0 - 1.0 m of subgrade. Both lowest air and earth temperature occur in January to February, and the most negative temperature ranges from -7℃ to -10℃.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40905049)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program, Grant No. 2010AA012304)+1 种基金the China Mete-orological Administration for the R&D Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry (Meteorology) (Grant No. GYHY200906020)the State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modelling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG) State Key Laboratory special fund
文摘The southwesterly low-level jet （LLJ） over southeast China in the summer of 2003 is analyzed in this study. The analysis is based on the National Centers for Environmental Prediction （NCEP） Final （FNL） operational global analysis data on 1.0-1.0-degree grids at 6-h intervals. The major criteria for choosing the LLJ ineluded the following： a maximum wind speed equal to or greater than 12.0 m s-1, a wind direction of between 180° and 270°, and the height of wind maximum at 900-700 hPa, not confined to single pressure level. The results show that the LLJs over southeast China dominate at 850 and 800 hPa. These LLJs are closely associated with the topography of this area and tend to locate regions with large terrain gradients, including the northeastern and eastem Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. Under the influence of mid-latitude westerly winds, the LLJs above 750 hPa move northward to the Yangtze-Huai River Basin. Com- pared to the ten-year （2000-2009） mean climate condi- tions, the LLJs in the warm season of summer 2003 were exceptionally active and strong, as reflected by the posi- tive anomalies of LLJ occurrence numbers and wind speed. In addition, the 2003 LLJs showed strong diurnal variation, especially at pressure levels below 800 hPa. The majority of the LLJs appeared between midnight and the early moming hours （before 8 a.m.）. Finally, the summary of LLJ grid numbers indicates that more than 80% of LLJs in June and July 2003 occurred within the 33-d rainy period. Thus, these LLJs are directly related to the anomalously heavy rainfall in the Yangtze-Huai River Basin.
基金Project(200911007-04) supported by the Special Funds for Scientific Research of Land and Natural Resources, ChinaProject (2007CB411405) supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(20109901) supported by the National Crisis Office of China
文摘The types, composition and physico-chemical conditions of primary fluid inclusions were researched. The results show that the primary fluid inclusions contain vapor and liquid phase type （Type I）, daughter mineral-bearing type （Type II） and pure liquid phase type （Type III）. The compositions of vapor are mainly H20 and CO2 with a tiny amounts of CH4 and H2; the liquid phase mainly contains Mg2＋, Ca2＋, Na＋, K＋, CI- and SO]-, and w（Na＋）/w（K＋）〉l; the homogenization temperatures of the primary fluid inclusions can be divided into 190-250 ℃, 250-340 ℃ and 360-420 ℃, corresponding to the salinities of 4%-9%, 9%-14%, and 14%-20.43% （NaC1 equivalent mass fraction）, respectively. The mineralization process can be divided into three episodes： the silicatization stage, the quartz-sulfide stage, and the carbonatization stage, and all of them are associated with the ore-forming hydrothermal fluid activity. The origin of the hydrothermal fluid is from magrnatic water mainly, and later it mixes with the groundwater and meteoric water, which lead to the decrease of temperature and salinity. The decrease of salinity, temperature and pressure are the main causes of the metallogenic elements unloading and enriching in the favorable position.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40672180)
文摘In China, seasonal frozen soil is widely distributed. The freezing damage of subgrade soil in Jilin Province has been one of major engineering geological problems troubling the safety of road, in which some common damage phenomena, such as frost heave, subsidence deformation and frost boiling, are all caused by water translocation. Aiming at the phenomenon, the changes of moisture content of seasonal frozen soil in Changchun City are mainly studied by long-term field observation and indoor testing of physical properties under different conditions, and then the variation characteristics of moisture content in soil under different compactness and temperature conditions are realized. The results show that the increasing section of moisture content and negative temperature section all lie in O. 0 - 1.0 m of subgrade. Both lowest air and earth temperature occur in January to February, and the most negative temperature ranges from -7℃ to -10℃.
