“何许人”的语源、语义考

＂何许人＂一语,初见于王充《论街》,而源于司马迁《史记》＂何所人＂。＂许＂、＂所＂一声之转。但在这里,＂所＂、＂许＂并非表示＂处＂的名词,而是用同＂等＂的助词。＂何许人＂犹＂何等人＂,相当于＂什么样的人＂,指来历不明的人,不是历来所谓的＂何处人＂。现代的＂何许样人＂、＂何等样人＂,是＂何许人＂白话化的表现,也是证明。

Design and Realization of CPW Circuits Using EC-ANN Models for CPW Discontinuities

Novel accurate and efficient equivalent circuit trained artificial neural-network （EC-ANN） models,which inherit and improve upon EC model and EM-ANN models＇ advantages,are developed for coplanar waveguide （CPW） discontinuities. Modeled discontinuities include ： CPW step, interdigital capacitor, symmetric cross junction, and spiral inductor, for which validation tests are performed. These models allow for circuit design, simulation, and optimization within a CAD simulator. Design and realization of a coplanar lumped element band pass filter on GaAs using the developed CPW EC-ANN models are demonstrated.

Specific HLA-DQB1 alleles associated with risk for development of hepatocellular carcinoma:A meta-analysis

AIM:To evaluate the association of human leukocyte antigen(HLA)-DQB1 alleles with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) through meta-analysis of published data.METHODS:Case-control studies on HLA-DQB1 allele association with HCC published up to January 2010 were included in the analyses.The odds ratios(ORs) of HLADQB1 allele distributions in HCC patients were analyzed and compared with healthy controls.The meta-analysis software REVMAN 5.0 was applied for investigating heterogeneity among individual studies and for summarizing all the studies.A meta-analysis was performed using fixed-effect or random-effect methods,depending on the absence or presence of significant heterogeneity.Seven case-control studies containing 398 cases and 594 controls were included in the final analysis.RESULTS:Among the five family alleles,two(DQB1*02 and DQB1*03) were found to be significantly associated with the risk of HCC.The combined OR for the association of DQB1*02 and DQB1*03 allele with the risk for HCC was 1.78(95% CI:1.05-3.03,P = 0.03) and 0.65(95% CI:0.48-0.89,P = 0.007),respectively.Among the 13 specific alleles,two(DQB1*0502 and DQB1*0602) were significantly associated with risk of HCC.The combined OR for the association of DQB1*0502 and DQB1*0602 allele with the risk for HCC was 1.82(95% CI:1.14-2.92,P = 0.01) and 0.58(95% CI:0.36-0.95,P = 0.03),respectively.No significant association was established for other HLA-DQB1 family alleles and specific alleles.CONCLUSION:Our results support the hypothesis that specific HLA-DQB1 allele families and alleles might influence the susceptibility or resistance to HCC,although it needs further investigations.

Adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation for acute liver failure in China

AIM:To investigate the long-term outcome of recipients and donors of adult-to-adult living-donor liver transplantation(AALDLT) for acute liver failure(ALF).METHODS:Between January 2005 and March 2010,170 living donor liver transplantations were performed at West China Hospital of Sichuan University.All living liver donor was voluntary and provided informed consent.Twenty ALF patients underwent AALDLT for rapid deterioration of liver function.ALF was defined based on the criteria of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases,including evidence of coagulation abnormality [international normalized ratio(INR) ≥ 1.5] and degree of mental alteration without pre-ex-isting cirrhosis and with an illness of < 26 wk duration.We reviewed the clinical indications,operative procedure and prognosis of AALDTL performed on patients with ALF and corresponding living donors.The potential factors of recipient with ALF and corresponding donor outcome were respectively investigated using multivariate analysis.Survival rates after operation were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method.Receiver operator characteristic(ROC) curve analysis was undertaken to identify the threshold of potential risk factors.RESULTS:The causes of ALF were hepatitis B(n = 18),drug-induced(n = 1) and indeterminate(n = 1).The score of the model for end-stage liver disease was 37.1 ± 8.6,and the waiting duration of recipients was 5 ± 4 d.The graft types included right lobe(n = 17) and dual graft(n = 3).The mean graft weight was 623.3 ± 111.3 g,which corresponded to graft-torecipient weight ratio of 0.95% ± 0.14%.The segment Ⅴor Ⅷ hepatic vein was reconstructed in 11 right-lobe grafts.The 1-year and 3-year recipient's survival and graft survival rates were 65%(13 of 20).Postoperative results of total bilirubin,INR and creatinine showed obvious improvements in the survived patients.However,the creatinine level of the deaths was increased postoperatively and became more aggravated compared with the level of the survived recipients.Multivariate analysis showed that waiting duration was independently correlated with increased mortality(P = 0.014).Furthermore,ROC curve revealed the cut-off value of waiting time was 5 d(P = 0.011,area under the curve = 0.791) for determining the mortality.The short-term creatinine level with different recipient's waiting duration was described.The recipients with waiting duration ≥ 5 d showed the worse renal function and higher mortality than those with waiting duration < 5 d(66.7% vs 9.1%,P = 0.017).In addition,all donors had no residual morbidity.Furthermore,univariate analysis did not show that short assessment time induced the high morbidity(P = 0.573).CONCLUSION:Timely AALDLT for patients with ALF greatly improves the recipient survival.However,further systemic review is needed to investigate the optimal treatment strategy for ALF.

Configuration information acquisition and matching in self-reconfiguring process of modular self-reconfigurable robots

Configuration information acquisition and matching are two important steps in the self-reconfiguring process of self-reconfigurable robots. The process of configuration information acquisition was introduced, and a self-reconfiguring configuration matching strategy based on graded optimization mechanism was proposed. The first-grade optimization was to search common connection between matching scheme and goal configuration. The second-grade optimization, whose object function was constructed in terms of configuration connectivity, was to search connnon topology according to the results of the first-grade optimization. The entire process of configuration information acquisition and matching was verified by an experiment and genetic algorithm （GA）. The result shows the accuracy of the configuration information acquisition and the effectiveness of the configuration matching method.

The Influence of Confucius＇ Moral Standards on Wellbeing of Academics in Higher Education in China in the Context of the Chinese Dream

The Chinese Dream, adopted by General Secretary Xi Jinping, was used and spread in China. It is about Chinese prosperity, collective effort, socialism and national glory. It is also about the welfare, wellbeing, and quality of life of every Chinese. Academics in higher education in China are facing changes both across the globe and in China, they must take the challenges. This paper does research on wellbeing of the academics from the aspects of the definition of wellbeing, the situation both in the world and in China, the Chinese concept of happiness, the possible influence of Confucius moral standards on wellbeing of Chinese. This paper may help school leaders implement policies that foster effective work environment in the new era in China.

Primary resistance to crizotinib treatment in a non-small cell lung cancer patient with an EML4-ALK rearrangement:a case report

Crizotinib,a small molecular tyrosine kinase inhibitor,manifests dramatic responses in patients with non-small cell lung cancer with echinoderm microtubule associated protein like 4-anaplastic lymphoma kinase(EML4-ALK)rearrangements.ALK gene point mutation is the primary mechanism of acquired crizotinib resistance;however,the intrinsic mechanism is not fully understood.Here,we report a patient with a low mutant allele fraction(MAF)of EML4-ALK rearrangement,who experienced primary resistance to crizotinib treatment.The patient was a 66-year-old Chinese man,who had a history of metastatic lung cancer and was treated with first-and third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors(EGFR TKIs).After 14 months of osimertinib treatment,his disease progressed,and next-generation sequencing was performed from a liquid biopsy of the patient’s blood.An EML4-ALK rearrangement was found and crizotinib was administered.The patient’s lung lesions continued to progress after one month of crizotinib treatment,and pemetrexed-bevacizumab was initiated.After two cycles of chemotherapy,the metastatic cancers shrunk,and the patient maintained stable disease at his last follow-up.EML4-ALK rearrangements can happen in patients with EGFR-positive NSCLC,after acquired resistance to EGFR TKI treatment.The EGFR T790M and C797G mutations occur in cis is a critical mechanism of resistance to osimertinib therapy.The MAF of EML4-ALK rearrangements in cancer cells might be a predictive factor for crizotinib treatment.

AR Display Method of a Person＇s Identifier near the Head on a Camera Screen Based on the GPS Information and Face Detection Using Ad hoc and P2P Networking

The spread of social media has increased contacts of members of communities on the lntemet. Members of these communities often use account names instead of real names. When they meet in the real world, they will find it useful to have a tool that enables them to associate the faces in fiont of them with the account names they know. This paper proposes a method that enables a person to identify the account name of the person （＂target＂） in front of him/her using a smartphone. The attendees to a meeting exchange their identifiers （i.e., the account name） and GPS information using smartphones. When the user points his/her smartphone towards a target, the target＇s identifier is displayed near the target＇s head on the camera screen using AR （augmented reality）. The position where the identifier is displayed is calculated from the differences in longitude and latitude between the user and the target and the azimuth direction of the target from the user. The target is identified based on this information, the face detection coordinates, and the distance between the two. The proposed method has been implemented using Android terminals, and identification accuracy has been examined through experiments.

A Study on the Evaluation System of Teaching Quality of Higher Education for Adults

Recently, the scale of higher education for adults is expanding and at the same time, the teaching quality is declining, which has been increasingly focused on. In order to improve the teaching quality, at first, it is necessary to build up a set of integrative and complete teaching quality evaluation system, which is composed of class, course major and college respectively from the aspects of learning and teaching because of the particularity of the students and teaching modes of higher education for adults.

Veratraldehyde as Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in Different Acid Medium

Veratraldehyde was tested as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in I M HCI and 0.5 M H2SO4 separately using mass loss and electrochemical studies. The inhibition efficiencies were evaluated at different concentrations of the inhibitor at different temperatures. The inhibition efficiency increased with increase in inhibitor concentration and decreased with increase in temperature in both the acid solutions. Electrochemical studies showed that the inhibitor is of mixed type with a slight predominance of anodic character. The inhibitor was more active in HCI than in H2SO4. The maximum inhibition efficiency approached at 1000 ppm in both the acid medium. The inhibitor was found to adsorb on the mild steel surface according to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The surface morphology of mild steel in the presence and absence of inhibitor was studied by using scanning electron microscopic （SEM） images.

Analysis on Construction of Teaching Quality Monitoring System of Adult Higher Education

The teaching process includes ＂teaching＂ and ＂learning＂ of two aspects, and the teaching process of adult higher education is the autonomous learning process of students under the guidance of teachers. It respectively establishes scientific and reasonable ＂teaching＂ quality monitoring system and ＂learning＂ quality monitoring system, to respectively conduct monitoring of the whole teaching process from＂teaching＂ and ＂learning＂ of the two aspects, in order to effectively improve the teaching quality of adult higher education.

A Comparison between Adult Higher Education and Higher Education＇s Self-study Exam

Adult higher education and higher education＇ s self-study exam are parts of the continuing education system, and also very important parts of the education system in China. Now, in addition to the ordinary full-time higher education, these two education systems are important for the education system in China, and also are important ways for people to learn knowledge and get a diploma. However, a great number of students raise many questions about the difference between the two systems, and feel highly confused about choosing adult higher education or higher education＇ s self-study exam currently. In this paper, the similarities and differences between adult higher education and higher education ＇ s self-study exam are discussed, so that a good choice is easily made by students before one of them is applied.

DNA TYPING SYSTEM FOR HLA-A2 ALLELES BY POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION WITH SEQUENCE- SPECIFIC PRIMERS

Objective. To establish a PCR- SSP method for discriminating as many HLA- A* 02 alleles, which could easily be introduced into a routine laboratory. Methods. In this study we typed HLA- A* 02 polymorphisms by a sequence- specific primer (SSP) method, which involved round 1 and round 2 PCR reactions to detect 17 HLA- A* 02 alleles (they are HLA- A* 0201- 0217 alleles) covering exon 2 and exon 3. Results. We have found that DNA sample concentration and purity were the most important variables in determining the quality of the results. For identifying correct band size, the size marker used was important. We noticed that different PCR machines performed differently. By this method, we detected 20 HLA- A* 02 positive genomic DNA samples and found 4 kinds of HLA- A* 02 alleles. They were HLA- A* 0201, 0203, 0206 and 0210. Conclusion. The HLA- A* 02 PCR- SSP method was proven to be a reliable and easily applicable typing method. Our results suggest that the SSP described here provides an optimal HLA- A* 02 typing technique that may be useful in selecting donor- recipient pairs in bone marrow transplantation between unrelated individuals.

Maintain Vigilance at “Three Forgottens” in Higher Education

Institutions of higher learning occupy an important position in the development of the society and also play a vital role. In China, the institutions of higher learning have played a due role around talent training, scientific research and social service in the process of higher education, but the number of trained talents is only focused in talent training and the moral ability training is neglected. In scientific research, the number of research projects and achievements is only pursued and the ＂profound learning＂ is forgotten to pursue; institutions of higher learning excessively participate in social life and social services, but forget to abide by the limited principle to participate in social service, etc. All these problems are worthy of attention.

The Babysitter： A Feminist Interpretation

Sexual violence, a prevalent problem in the spousal relationship, is closely related to the issue of female consciousness. In The Babysitter, Coover （1989） tells of a teenage girl babysitting two kids and a baby and of two of her male peers and the children＇s father altogether exploring their obsession towards her and, moreover, traces the evaluation and devaluation of women to the presentation of TV exploring its influence on his heroines, namely Mrs. Tucker and the babysitter serving as victims of the patriarchal society. Through a close engagement with the sexual objectification theory, this paper analyzes in detail men＇s aggressive oppressions upon women as well as women＇s compromise and rebellion towards the sexual violence, and investigates that the awakening of female independent consciousness is a key factor in effectively helping women achieve the gender equality between sexes.

Explore and practice healthy personality of students to develop an international perspective of Higher Education

A unified personality commonly referred to as is the sum of the person＇ s character, temperament, ability and other characteristics , as well as personal ethics, thought, soul, behaviors, attitudes and social responsibility aspects. Personality is certain physiological basis, formed and developed in social practice and it is the result of genetic and environmental factors, the society may influence the development of a number of factors of personality. The so-called healthy personality refers to personality harmonious, comprehensive and healthy development. Because of contemporary college students study pressure, economic pressure, the employment pressure, emotional stress and other factors, it results in morbid psychology; personality psychology highlights the unhealthy phenomenon. In recent years, especially college students＇ personality distortions continue to occur, it is caused widespread concern of the whole society, to strengthen and shape the health of college students has become an important personality of an urgent work.

Removal of Lead Ions from Ginseng Ethanol Extracts by Dynamic Adsorption in a Fixed-bed Column

The removal of lead from ginseng ethanol extracts by a fixed-bed column filled with an adsorbent bearing amine and carboxyl groups was investigated. The Pb2+ content was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. When the flowrate increased from 0.12 to 0.34 ml·min-1 , the column exhibited a marked increase in percentage of lead removal from 54.9% to 92.3%. Further increase in the flowrate did not bring evident changes to the lead removal, whereas an increase in the temperature could reinforce adsorption further, suggesting that the adsorption process was controlled by external film diffusion below the flowrate of 0.34 ml·min-1 , and by the intraparticle pore diffusion of lead ions when the flowrate exceeded it. A low remaining lead amount in extracts such as 0.11 mg·kg-1 (extracts powder) was achieved. The adsorbents also adsorbed effective constituents to some extent. But 88% of constituents adsorbed were taken off using a 70% ethanol aqueous solution.

Equivalence Problems in Translation

Equivalence is an important notion in translation theory. Therefore, theorists in the field of translation studies are interested in studying and examining this notion in order to discover its effect on the way a translator deals with a text. The aim of this study is to explore the different definitions of translation as a process and as a product. The study focuses on specific definitions that have been introduced by Arab scholars in the field of translation, for example, AI-zarqani （1998） who argued that translation is an act of transferring a text with all its meanings and objectives from one language to another. This idea of transferring the different meanings and objectives of a given text imposes an important question that the researcher tries to answer in this paper. Is translation a process of substituting a text in one language for a text in another？ After reviewing the related literature and by analyzing different translated passages from Arabic and English, it shows that translation is not a mere substitution of texts among languages. The translator must be aware of the objectives and meanings conveyed in the source text in order to produce an accurate translation.

Analysis on the Development Trend of the Art Education in Higher Vocational Colleges

Higher vocational colleges are an important part of higher educational institutions, and train a large number of high-quality skilled personnel each year and solve the personnel demand problems of enterprises and other employing units. In recent years, art is not ordy a popular program in higher vocational colleges, but also an academic specialty difficult to control in higher vocational education. Because of the special characteristics of art, higher vocational colleges should combine with the future development trend of art education in the process of making a flexible teaching reform strategy, but should be no longer only be limited to the current teaching reform, so that the demands on the training of professional art personnel in a different period of times can be fulfilled.

Relationship between HLA-DR gene polymorphisms and outcomes of hepatitis B viral infections:A meta-analysis

AIM:To assess the rigorous relationship between human leukocyte antigens(HLA)-DR alleles and outcomes of hepatitis B virus(HBV) infections by means of metaanalysis.METHODS:Medline/PubMed,EMBASE,CNKI and VIP were searched to identify relevant studies.Study quality was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.Odds ratios(OR) and 95% confidence interval(95% CI) were pooled using Stata 11.0.Subgroup analyses were performed by ethnicity.Heterogeneity and publication bias analyses were performed to validate the credibility.RESULTS:A total of 2609 patients with chronic hepatitis B and 2606 controls spontaneously recovering from prior HBV infection were included.Meta-analysis showed that HLA-DR*04(OR = 0.72,95% CI:0.60-0.85) and DR*13(OR = 0.27,95% CI:0.19-0.37) alleles were significantly associated with HBV clearance while patients carrying HLA-DR*03(OR = 1.47,95% CI:1.16-1.87) or DR*07(OR = 1.59,95% CI:1.24-2.03) alleles had a significantly increased risk of chronic HBV persistence.For the HLA-DR*01 polymorphism,a significantly association with HBV clearance was found in Chinese Han group(OR = 0.48,95% CI:0.26-0.86),but not found in other ethnic groups(P = 0.191).For other polymorphisms,no association with the HBV infection outcome was found.CONCLUSION:HLA-DR*04 and DR*13 alleles may be the protective factors for HBV clearance and HLADR*03,and DR*07 alleles may be the risk factors for HBV persistence.