The friction coefficient between tube and die in guide zone of tube hydroforming was obtained. In hydroforming, the tube is expanded by an internal pressure against the tool wall. By pushing the tube through tool, a f...The friction coefficient between tube and die in guide zone of tube hydroforming was obtained. In hydroforming, the tube is expanded by an internal pressure against the tool wall. By pushing the tube through tool, a friction force at the contact surface between the tube and the tool occurs. In guiding zone, the friction coefficients between tube and die can be estimated from the measured axial feeding forces. In expansion zone, the friction coefficients between tube and die can be evaluated from the measured geometries of expanded tubes and FE analysis.展开更多
This study, based on the literature, stresses the effectiveness of internal control systems for the prevention, to a reasonable extent, of fraudulent practices that cause resource loss in business. In this context, th...This study, based on the literature, stresses the effectiveness of internal control systems for the prevention, to a reasonable extent, of fraudulent practices that cause resource loss in business. In this context, the key concepts related to fraud and internal control systems are presented first. After the introduction, the relation between fraud and internal control systems is elaborated, and the method for establishing an effective internal control system which is needed to detect and prevent fraud is explained. As for the conclusion, the study connects the effectiveness of the internal control system with the effectiveness of the elements which compose the system, and provides some suggestions for increasing the efficacy of the elements which compose the system, such as control environment, risk analysis, information-communication, control activities, and monitoring.展开更多
This study deals with two novels of Eduar AI-Kharrat： Rama wal-Tinnin （Rama and the Dragon, 1979） and al-Zaman al-Akhar （The Other Time, 1985）. The text in both novels is of the pluralist, polyphonic and modernis...This study deals with two novels of Eduar AI-Kharrat： Rama wal-Tinnin （Rama and the Dragon, 1979） and al-Zaman al-Akhar （The Other Time, 1985）. The text in both novels is of the pluralist, polyphonic and modernistic type and the real and the imaginary are juxtaposed. The narrative imitates at its diverse levels the internal conflict, argument, and uncertainty of the protagonist Michael, who finally finds his self-realization in an imaginary time, ＂the other time＂, which is also the title of one of the novels. The present study focuses on the transformation and alternation of the perspectives and the narrative vision through the destruction of the narrator＇s identity and the text itself, the analysis of the narrative shift between the first and third person, the fragmentation of the self, the ambiguity of the signs, the severity of the crisis, and the psychological conflict at its diverse levels and multiplicities. Toward this plurality and shift, it is necessary to systematically depend upon what the theories of Bakhtin and Genette have to offer in order to cover the narrative levels and multiple voices prevailing in the texts.展开更多
气动调节阀的复杂特性,使得通过建立精确数学模型来描述阀门故障较为困难,因而数据驱动技术在其故障诊断领域颇受关注.但现有商业化的调节阀其控制系统仅配置了相当有限的硬件设备,这对故障诊断模型和学习效率提出了更高的要求.为此,提...气动调节阀的复杂特性,使得通过建立精确数学模型来描述阀门故障较为困难,因而数据驱动技术在其故障诊断领域颇受关注.但现有商业化的调节阀其控制系统仅配置了相当有限的硬件设备,这对故障诊断模型和学习效率提出了更高的要求.为此,提出一种基于多特征融合的气动调节阀快速自学习故障诊断方法.首先,提出基于云模型(cloud model,CM)和动态内部主元分析(dynamic-inner principal component analysis,DiPCA)的特征信息融合方法,提高诊断模型的输入信息质量;其次,建立一种低差异随机配置网络,按照低差异序列以监督增量方式快速自主构造调节阀诊断模型,从而有效提高模型的学习效率和紧致性;最后,利用DAMADICS平台的实验数据验证所提出方法的快速性和准确性.展开更多
Purpose： To compare the clinical efficacy and complications of limited internal fixation combined with external fixation （LIFEF） and open reduction and internal fixation （ORIF） in the treatment of Pilon fracture....Purpose： To compare the clinical efficacy and complications of limited internal fixation combined with external fixation （LIFEF） and open reduction and internal fixation （ORIF） in the treatment of Pilon fracture. Methods： We searched databases including Pubmed, Embase, Web of science, Cochrane Library and China Biology Medicine disc for the studies comparing clinical efficacy and complications of LIFEF and ORIF in the treatment of Pilon fracture. The clinical efficacy was evaluated by the rate of nonunion, malunion/delayed union and the excellent/good rate assessed by Mazur ankle score. The complications including infections and arthritis symptoms after surgery were also investigated. Results： Nine trials including 498 pilon fractures of 494 patients were identified. The meta-analysis found no significant differences in nonunion rate （RR 1.60, 95% CI： 0.66 to 3.86, p =0.30）, and the excellent/good rate （RR 0.95, 95% CI： 0.86 to 1.04, p= 0.28） between LIFEF group and ORIF group. For assessment of infections, there were significant differences in the rate of deep infection （RR 2.18, 95% CI： 1.34 to 3.55, p =0.002）, and the rate of arthritis （RR 1.26, 95% CI： 1.03 to 1.53, p =0.02） between LIFEF group and ORIF group. Conclusion： LIFEF has similar effect as ORIF in the treatment of pilon fractures, however, LIFEF group has significantly higher risk of complications than ORIF group does. So LIFEF is not recommended in the treatment of pilon fracture.展开更多
Purpose： Tibial pilon fractures remain challenging for an orthopaedic surgeon to repair. External fixation （ExFix） and open reduction and internal fixation （ORIF） are two widely used methods for repairing tibial ...Purpose： Tibial pilon fractures remain challenging for an orthopaedic surgeon to repair. External fixation （ExFix） and open reduction and internal fixation （ORIF） are two widely used methods for repairing tibial pilon fractures. However, conclusions of comparative studies regarding which method is superior are controversial. Our aim is to compare ORIF and ExFix and clarify which method is better in terms of reduction and union results and major complications. Methods： A computerized research of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Springer, and Cochrane Library （before December 2014） for studies of any design comparing ORIF and ExFix was conducted. Weighted mean difference （WMD）, risk ratio （RR） and corresponding 95% confidence intervals （Cl） were used for esti- mating the effects of the two methods. Statistical analyses were done using Review Manager Version 5.2. Results： Ten cohort studies and one randomized clinical trial were included in our ultimate analysis. And the analysis found no significant difference between the two methods in deep infection （p = 0.13）, reduction （p = 0.11）, clinical evaluation （p = 0.82）, post-traumatic arthrosis Cp = 0.87）, and union time （p = 0.35）. Besides, ExFix group was found to have a higher rate of superficial infection （p = 0.001）, malunion （p = 0.01） and nonunion （p= 0.02）, but have a lower risk of unplanned hardware removal （p = 0.0002）. Conclusions： We suggest that ORIF has a relatively lower incidence rate of superficial infection, malunion and nonunion, hut a higher rate of unplanned hardware removal. No difference was found in deep infection, reduction, clinical evaluation. ~ost-traumatic arthrosis and union time.展开更多
基金supported by grants-in-aid for the National Core Research Center Program from MEST/KOSEF
文摘The friction coefficient between tube and die in guide zone of tube hydroforming was obtained. In hydroforming, the tube is expanded by an internal pressure against the tool wall. By pushing the tube through tool, a friction force at the contact surface between the tube and the tool occurs. In guiding zone, the friction coefficients between tube and die can be estimated from the measured axial feeding forces. In expansion zone, the friction coefficients between tube and die can be evaluated from the measured geometries of expanded tubes and FE analysis.
文摘This study, based on the literature, stresses the effectiveness of internal control systems for the prevention, to a reasonable extent, of fraudulent practices that cause resource loss in business. In this context, the key concepts related to fraud and internal control systems are presented first. After the introduction, the relation between fraud and internal control systems is elaborated, and the method for establishing an effective internal control system which is needed to detect and prevent fraud is explained. As for the conclusion, the study connects the effectiveness of the internal control system with the effectiveness of the elements which compose the system, and provides some suggestions for increasing the efficacy of the elements which compose the system, such as control environment, risk analysis, information-communication, control activities, and monitoring.
文摘This study deals with two novels of Eduar AI-Kharrat： Rama wal-Tinnin （Rama and the Dragon, 1979） and al-Zaman al-Akhar （The Other Time, 1985）. The text in both novels is of the pluralist, polyphonic and modernistic type and the real and the imaginary are juxtaposed. The narrative imitates at its diverse levels the internal conflict, argument, and uncertainty of the protagonist Michael, who finally finds his self-realization in an imaginary time, ＂the other time＂, which is also the title of one of the novels. The present study focuses on the transformation and alternation of the perspectives and the narrative vision through the destruction of the narrator＇s identity and the text itself, the analysis of the narrative shift between the first and third person, the fragmentation of the self, the ambiguity of the signs, the severity of the crisis, and the psychological conflict at its diverse levels and multiplicities. Toward this plurality and shift, it is necessary to systematically depend upon what the theories of Bakhtin and Genette have to offer in order to cover the narrative levels and multiple voices prevailing in the texts.
文摘气动调节阀的复杂特性,使得通过建立精确数学模型来描述阀门故障较为困难,因而数据驱动技术在其故障诊断领域颇受关注.但现有商业化的调节阀其控制系统仅配置了相当有限的硬件设备,这对故障诊断模型和学习效率提出了更高的要求.为此,提出一种基于多特征融合的气动调节阀快速自学习故障诊断方法.首先,提出基于云模型(cloud model,CM)和动态内部主元分析(dynamic-inner principal component analysis,DiPCA)的特征信息融合方法,提高诊断模型的输入信息质量;其次,建立一种低差异随机配置网络,按照低差异序列以监督增量方式快速自主构造调节阀诊断模型,从而有效提高模型的学习效率和紧致性;最后,利用DAMADICS平台的实验数据验证所提出方法的快速性和准确性.
基金This work was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China （lzujbky-2014-k16） and the Na- tional Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Gansu Province, China （No. 1210RJDA010）.
文摘Purpose： To compare the clinical efficacy and complications of limited internal fixation combined with external fixation （LIFEF） and open reduction and internal fixation （ORIF） in the treatment of Pilon fracture. Methods： We searched databases including Pubmed, Embase, Web of science, Cochrane Library and China Biology Medicine disc for the studies comparing clinical efficacy and complications of LIFEF and ORIF in the treatment of Pilon fracture. The clinical efficacy was evaluated by the rate of nonunion, malunion/delayed union and the excellent/good rate assessed by Mazur ankle score. The complications including infections and arthritis symptoms after surgery were also investigated. Results： Nine trials including 498 pilon fractures of 494 patients were identified. The meta-analysis found no significant differences in nonunion rate （RR 1.60, 95% CI： 0.66 to 3.86, p =0.30）, and the excellent/good rate （RR 0.95, 95% CI： 0.86 to 1.04, p= 0.28） between LIFEF group and ORIF group. For assessment of infections, there were significant differences in the rate of deep infection （RR 2.18, 95% CI： 1.34 to 3.55, p =0.002）, and the rate of arthritis （RR 1.26, 95% CI： 1.03 to 1.53, p =0.02） between LIFEF group and ORIF group. Conclusion： LIFEF has similar effect as ORIF in the treatment of pilon fractures, however, LIFEF group has significantly higher risk of complications than ORIF group does. So LIFEF is not recommended in the treatment of pilon fracture.
文摘Purpose： Tibial pilon fractures remain challenging for an orthopaedic surgeon to repair. External fixation （ExFix） and open reduction and internal fixation （ORIF） are two widely used methods for repairing tibial pilon fractures. However, conclusions of comparative studies regarding which method is superior are controversial. Our aim is to compare ORIF and ExFix and clarify which method is better in terms of reduction and union results and major complications. Methods： A computerized research of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Springer, and Cochrane Library （before December 2014） for studies of any design comparing ORIF and ExFix was conducted. Weighted mean difference （WMD）, risk ratio （RR） and corresponding 95% confidence intervals （Cl） were used for esti- mating the effects of the two methods. Statistical analyses were done using Review Manager Version 5.2. Results： Ten cohort studies and one randomized clinical trial were included in our ultimate analysis. And the analysis found no significant difference between the two methods in deep infection （p = 0.13）, reduction （p = 0.11）, clinical evaluation （p = 0.82）, post-traumatic arthrosis Cp = 0.87）, and union time （p = 0.35）. Besides, ExFix group was found to have a higher rate of superficial infection （p = 0.001）, malunion （p = 0.01） and nonunion （p= 0.02）, but have a lower risk of unplanned hardware removal （p = 0.0002）. Conclusions： We suggest that ORIF has a relatively lower incidence rate of superficial infection, malunion and nonunion, hut a higher rate of unplanned hardware removal. No difference was found in deep infection, reduction, clinical evaluation. ~ost-traumatic arthrosis and union time.
