以APSIM甘蔗模型(APSIM-Sugar)为例,简要介绍了由澳大利亚农业生产系统研究协作组(APSRU)开发的农业生产系统模拟模型(Agricultural Production System si Mulator,APSIM)中作物、土壤等核心模块的基本过程原理、参数确定、模型验证等...以APSIM甘蔗模型(APSIM-Sugar)为例,简要介绍了由澳大利亚农业生产系统研究协作组(APSRU)开发的农业生产系统模拟模型(Agricultural Production System si Mulator,APSIM)中作物、土壤等核心模块的基本过程原理、参数确定、模型验证等模块化设计与应用研究进展,为学习了解和使用APSIM模型开展农田土壤-作物系统模拟研究提供参考。展开更多
以采集的北京市海淀区东北旺试验站大量的田间实测数据为基础,对农业生产系统模型(Agricultural Production Systems Simulator,APSIM)进行详细的参数灵敏度分析与标定,结果显示:标定模拟的土壤剖面体积含水量动态的精度较高,平均相对...以采集的北京市海淀区东北旺试验站大量的田间实测数据为基础,对农业生产系统模型(Agricultural Production Systems Simulator,APSIM)进行详细的参数灵敏度分析与标定,结果显示:标定模拟的土壤剖面体积含水量动态的精度较高,平均相对误差为13.41%;标定模拟的土壤剖面硝态氮浓度动态的精度较低,平均的相对误差为29.69%;标定模拟的冬小麦叶面积指数、生物量和产量的平均相对误差分别为36.49%、24.18%和32.31%;标定模拟的夏玉米叶面积指数、生物量和产量的平均相对误差分别为31.76%、35.84%和26.44%。以上标定模拟的精度就田间实际情况而言,总体是可以接受的。经过详细的参数标定后的APSIM模型将为深入探讨不同农田管理措施下水氮利用效率的长期变化提供可靠的定量分析手段。展开更多
在系统分析方面,设于维也纳的国际应用系统分析研究所(International Institute for Applied System Analysis,简称IIASA)是个很有名的机构。在1979年我国《世界农业》第三期上,我曾经撰文介绍了匈牙利的农业系统模型,那就是IIASA的成...在系统分析方面,设于维也纳的国际应用系统分析研究所(International Institute for Applied System Analysis,简称IIASA)是个很有名的机构。在1979年我国《世界农业》第三期上,我曾经撰文介绍了匈牙利的农业系统模型,那就是IIASA的成果之一。1981年冬天我们去联合国工业发展组织参加制作世界经济模型。展开更多
[Objective] The research aimed to simplify the operating process of agricultural drought monitoring and assessment product,and improve fine level of monitoring and assessment map.[Method] By comprehensively using GIS ...[Objective] The research aimed to simplify the operating process of agricultural drought monitoring and assessment product,and improve fine level of monitoring and assessment map.[Method] By comprehensively using GIS and mathematics,meteorology,management science,computer science,the monitoring and assessment of drought were as the core,the monitoring and assessment system of agricultural drought based on GIS technology was studied.[Result] The drought in Guangxi on November 4,2006 was monitored by using the system,and the actual situation was used to test.The result proved that the good monitoring effect was obtained.[Conclusion] The monitoring and assessment system of agricultural drought based on GIS realized the organic combination of GIS and professional monitoring,assessment model.The flexible HCI interface and visualization expression were provided.The monitoring and assessment function of agricultural drought was realized.It had the good practicality and advancement.展开更多
Based on dynamic theory of system, agriculture is a complex system composed by element, structure, function and development. Firstly, this paper analyzes their connotation and relationship, which could be simply descr...Based on dynamic theory of system, agriculture is a complex system composed by element, structure, function and development. Firstly, this paper analyzes their connotation and relationship, which could be simply described that in virtue of element integrating and structure optimizing, agricultural system may achieve multifunctionality to meet increasingly diverse demands. As a case study of Suzhou, it concludes that Suzhou has a LP-dependence on agricultural element, and the growth extent of agricultural productivity correlates to the ratio of agricultural labor reduc- ing rate to farmland reducing rate. Agricultural structure of Suzhou changed with time, and in the early 1980s and 2000s it was most notable. Correspondingly, agricultural function has experienced a succession process: 'production', 'production-living', and 'production-living-ecology'. At last, based on questionnaires and interviews, some new characteristics and problems of agricultural development in coastal developed region of China have been put forward. Meanwhile, some typical patterns of modern agriculture in Suzhou which adapt to system evolving are also brought up such as export-oriented agriculture, enterprises-leading agriculture, agricultural science and technology parks, characteristic and stereoscopic agriculture, tourism and sightseeing agriculture.展开更多
This study explores the role of a traditional tillage method,i.e.,compensatory hoeing,for sustainable agro-ecosystem management in the hilly areas of the Chongqing municipality,south-western China.To validate the effe...This study explores the role of a traditional tillage method,i.e.,compensatory hoeing,for sustainable agro-ecosystem management in the hilly areas of the Chongqing municipality,south-western China.To validate the effects of compensatory tillage on the terraced slopes,the tillage method of noncompensatory hoeing was conducted on a linear slope.To acquire information about 137 Cs inventories and soil texture,soil samples were collected by a core sampler with a 6.8-cm diameter at 5.0-m intervals along the toposequence and the linear slope in the dry season(March) of 2007.Meanwhile,a tillage erosion model was used for evaluating the spatial pattern of tillage erosion.The 137 Cs data showed that on the terraced slope,soil was lost from the upper slope,and soil deposition occurred at the toe slope positions on each terrace.As a result,abrupt changes in the 137 Cs inventories of soil were found over short distances between two sides of terrace boundaries.Results obtained from the tillage erosion model and the 137 Cs data indicate that soil redistribution mainly results from tillage erosion in the terraced landscape.Consecutive non-compensatory tillage caused soil redistribution on the linear slope,resulting in thin soil profile disappearing at the top and soil accumulating at the bottom positions of the linear slope.This result further validates that compensatory tillage could avoid the complete erosion of the thin soil layer at the summit position.Therefore,this traditional tillage.method,i.e.,compensatory tillage,has maintained the soil quality at the summit of the slope in the past decades.展开更多
The irrigated areas in the northern region of China are important food production areas. Therefore, studies on the variability of the carbon balance in these agro-ecosystems are fundamental for the management of carbo...The irrigated areas in the northern region of China are important food production areas. Therefore, studies on the variability of the carbon balance in these agro-ecosystems are fundamental for the management of carbon sequestration. This paper simulated the long-term variability of the carbon balance in a typical irrigated area along the lower Yellow River from 1984 to 2006, using a process-based ecosystem model called the Simple Biosphere Model, version 2. The mean annual gross primary production (GPP), mean annual net assimilation rate (NAR), mean annual soil respiration (Rs ), and mean annual net ecosystem exchange (NEE) were 1733, 1642, 1304, and 338g C m-2 a-1 , respectively. A significant increasing trend in the seasonal total NAR during the wheat growing season, and a significant decreasing trend in the seasonal total NAR during the maize growing season were detected. However, no significant trend was found in the annual NAR, R s , and NEE. The average carbon sequestration was 1.93 Tg C a-1 when the grain harvest was not taken into account, and the carbon sequestration amount during the maize season was higher than that during the wheat season. However, the agro-ecosystem was a weak carbon source with a value of 0.23 Tg C a-1 , when the carbon in the grain was assumed emitted into the atmosphere.展开更多
文摘以APSIM甘蔗模型(APSIM-Sugar)为例,简要介绍了由澳大利亚农业生产系统研究协作组(APSRU)开发的农业生产系统模拟模型(Agricultural Production System si Mulator,APSIM)中作物、土壤等核心模块的基本过程原理、参数确定、模型验证等模块化设计与应用研究进展,为学习了解和使用APSIM模型开展农田土壤-作物系统模拟研究提供参考。
文摘以采集的北京市海淀区东北旺试验站大量的田间实测数据为基础,对农业生产系统模型(Agricultural Production Systems Simulator,APSIM)进行详细的参数灵敏度分析与标定,结果显示:标定模拟的土壤剖面体积含水量动态的精度较高,平均相对误差为13.41%;标定模拟的土壤剖面硝态氮浓度动态的精度较低,平均的相对误差为29.69%;标定模拟的冬小麦叶面积指数、生物量和产量的平均相对误差分别为36.49%、24.18%和32.31%;标定模拟的夏玉米叶面积指数、生物量和产量的平均相对误差分别为31.76%、35.84%和26.44%。以上标定模拟的精度就田间实际情况而言,总体是可以接受的。经过详细的参数标定后的APSIM模型将为深入探讨不同农田管理措施下水氮利用效率的长期变化提供可靠的定量分析手段。
文摘在系统分析方面,设于维也纳的国际应用系统分析研究所(International Institute for Applied System Analysis,简称IIASA)是个很有名的机构。在1979年我国《世界农业》第三期上,我曾经撰文介绍了匈牙利的农业系统模型,那就是IIASA的成果之一。1981年冬天我们去联合国工业发展组织参加制作世界经济模型。
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(Guikezi0832205)National Science and Technology Support Plan Project of China(2008BAK50B02-02)Science Research and Technology Development Plan Project of Guangxi(Guikegong10123009-4)~~
文摘[Objective] The research aimed to simplify the operating process of agricultural drought monitoring and assessment product,and improve fine level of monitoring and assessment map.[Method] By comprehensively using GIS and mathematics,meteorology,management science,computer science,the monitoring and assessment of drought were as the core,the monitoring and assessment system of agricultural drought based on GIS technology was studied.[Result] The drought in Guangxi on November 4,2006 was monitored by using the system,and the actual situation was used to test.The result proved that the good monitoring effect was obtained.[Conclusion] The monitoring and assessment system of agricultural drought based on GIS realized the organic combination of GIS and professional monitoring,assessment model.The flexible HCI interface and visualization expression were provided.The monitoring and assessment function of agricultural drought was realized.It had the good practicality and advancement.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40635029, No. 40771014)
文摘Based on dynamic theory of system, agriculture is a complex system composed by element, structure, function and development. Firstly, this paper analyzes their connotation and relationship, which could be simply described that in virtue of element integrating and structure optimizing, agricultural system may achieve multifunctionality to meet increasingly diverse demands. As a case study of Suzhou, it concludes that Suzhou has a LP-dependence on agricultural element, and the growth extent of agricultural productivity correlates to the ratio of agricultural labor reduc- ing rate to farmland reducing rate. Agricultural structure of Suzhou changed with time, and in the early 1980s and 2000s it was most notable. Correspondingly, agricultural function has experienced a succession process: 'production', 'production-living', and 'production-living-ecology'. At last, based on questionnaires and interviews, some new characteristics and problems of agricultural development in coastal developed region of China have been put forward. Meanwhile, some typical patterns of modern agriculture in Suzhou which adapt to system evolving are also brought up such as export-oriented agriculture, enterprises-leading agriculture, agricultural science and technology parks, characteristic and stereoscopic agriculture, tourism and sightseeing agriculture.
基金provided by the Special Support Foundation of the Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment (IMHE)the 100 Talents Programme of IMHE,Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. SDSQB-2011-01)
文摘This study explores the role of a traditional tillage method,i.e.,compensatory hoeing,for sustainable agro-ecosystem management in the hilly areas of the Chongqing municipality,south-western China.To validate the effects of compensatory tillage on the terraced slopes,the tillage method of noncompensatory hoeing was conducted on a linear slope.To acquire information about 137 Cs inventories and soil texture,soil samples were collected by a core sampler with a 6.8-cm diameter at 5.0-m intervals along the toposequence and the linear slope in the dry season(March) of 2007.Meanwhile,a tillage erosion model was used for evaluating the spatial pattern of tillage erosion.The 137 Cs data showed that on the terraced slope,soil was lost from the upper slope,and soil deposition occurred at the toe slope positions on each terrace.As a result,abrupt changes in the 137 Cs inventories of soil were found over short distances between two sides of terrace boundaries.Results obtained from the tillage erosion model and the 137 Cs data indicate that soil redistribution mainly results from tillage erosion in the terraced landscape.Consecutive non-compensatory tillage caused soil redistribution on the linear slope,resulting in thin soil profile disappearing at the top and soil accumulating at the bottom positions of the linear slope.This result further validates that compensatory tillage could avoid the complete erosion of the thin soil layer at the summit position.Therefore,this traditional tillage.method,i.e.,compensatory tillage,has maintained the soil quality at the summit of the slope in the past decades.
基金supported by National Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar (Grant No.51025931)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.50939004 and 50909051)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No. 2011M500021)
文摘The irrigated areas in the northern region of China are important food production areas. Therefore, studies on the variability of the carbon balance in these agro-ecosystems are fundamental for the management of carbon sequestration. This paper simulated the long-term variability of the carbon balance in a typical irrigated area along the lower Yellow River from 1984 to 2006, using a process-based ecosystem model called the Simple Biosphere Model, version 2. The mean annual gross primary production (GPP), mean annual net assimilation rate (NAR), mean annual soil respiration (Rs ), and mean annual net ecosystem exchange (NEE) were 1733, 1642, 1304, and 338g C m-2 a-1 , respectively. A significant increasing trend in the seasonal total NAR during the wheat growing season, and a significant decreasing trend in the seasonal total NAR during the maize growing season were detected. However, no significant trend was found in the annual NAR, R s , and NEE. The average carbon sequestration was 1.93 Tg C a-1 when the grain harvest was not taken into account, and the carbon sequestration amount during the maize season was higher than that during the wheat season. However, the agro-ecosystem was a weak carbon source with a value of 0.23 Tg C a-1 , when the carbon in the grain was assumed emitted into the atmosphere.