级配骨料的分形效应

分析了级配骨料的分形行为,推导了通过率、空隙率、比表面积分形计算公式,初步结果可供混凝土组成设计时参考。

动态裂纹扩展中的分形效应

假设裂纹顶端沿着分形轨迹运动，建立了裂纹扩展的分形弯折（ｋｉｎｋｉｎｇ）模型来描述裂纹的动态扩展。根据这个模型，我们推导了分形裂纹扩展对劝态应力强度和裂纹速度的影响．动态应力强度因子与表观应力强度因子之比Ｋ（ｌ（ｔ），Ｖ）／Ｋ（Ｌ（ｔ），Ｏ）是表观裂纹速度Ｖ＿Ｏ，材料微结构参数（ｄ／Δａ），分维Ｄ和裂纹扩展路径的弯折角θ的函数。本文研究结果表明：在分形裂纹扩展中，表观（或量测）的裂纹速度Ｖ＿Ｏ很难接近Ｒａｙｌｅｉｇｈ波速Ｃ＿ｒ．动态断裂实验中Ｖ＿Ｏ明显低于Ｃ＿ｒ的原因可能是分形裂纹扩展效应所致。材料的微结构，裂纹扩展路径的分维和弯折角均很强地影响动态应力强度因子和裂纹扩展速度。

岩石冲击断裂的损伤与分形效应

利用损伤的概念，建立起岩石冲击断裂能及释放能与损伤的关系，并借助于分形几何对冲击断裂的机理作了进一步探讨．

岩体爆破破碎过程中的分形效应

在爆炸荷载作用下,岩体裂纹扩展速度的实测值与理论分析值之间存在较大差异。采用当前的动态断裂理论尚不能定性和定量地解释实测值与理论值之间的差异。运用分形理论分析了造成这种差异的原因,讨论了裂纹扩展过程中的分形效应、裂纹的分形扩展对裂纹扩展速度以及动态应力强度因子的影响。

工程节理岩体断裂韧性的分形效应

在考察工程节理化岩体断裂力学特征的基础上，提出了“追踪裂纹断裂”的概念，并结合分形几何原理，建立起追踪裂纹断裂的分形模型．从分形几何的角度研究了节理化岩石的微观和宏观结构效应以及使断裂韧性提高的物理力学机制，并通过实测岩样的剪切断裂面进行了验证．

高含硫管道氢致开裂的分形效应及扩展速率计算

氢致开裂是高含硫气田集输管网、长输管网管线钢失效的主要模式之一,为明确管道氢致开裂的机理与过程,对其开裂模式进行了研究。对氢质量浓度在金属裂尖扩展过程中的变化规律进行分析,考虑分形效应的影响,对氢致裂纹的动力学模型进行修正,提出了氢致裂纹扩展的直裂纹-剪切带分形模型:在Gerberich对氢致开裂研究的基础上,基于裂尖的氢化作用与裂纹扩展过程中存在的耦合因素,将断裂过程区的形状与裂纹的扩展长度进行结合,构建了氢致开裂裂纹扩展各阶段分形速率的表达式,得到了更为合理的基于分形效应的氢致开裂数学模型。以材质为16Mn和20钢的天然气管道为例,分别计算了母材与焊缝处的氢致裂纹扩展速率,对比得出两种材料抗H2S的性能,研究结果对于高含硫管道材料的选择具有一定指导意义。

重读马克思信用分配理论——基于“劳动边际报酬递减”分形效应的维度

重读马克思信用分配理论,结合当代分形金融学的最新成果,本文构建了简明的"超金融化—劳动边际报酬递减的分形效应"理论模型(简称SF-L模型),并且发现了一般性的经验证据:1946-2010年的美国和1979-2010年的中国在全球一体化,金融一体化下,劳动边际报酬皆呈递减的分形趋势。本文的模型证实,在开放经济中,在超金融化下,劳动边际报酬递减的分形效应主要是由金融资产所有权的过度分配造成的。

采动断层活化分形界面效应的数值模拟研究

采动断层活化是采矿科学中的重要研究课题，以往的研究没有揭示断层面几何形态对它的影响．针对地质断层面的分形性质，构造了自仿射意义下的分形曲线及含有这种分形性质断层面的地质采矿模型，用数值方法模拟地下开挖引起分形断层面活化的现象，研究和总结了分形断层面对采动岩体沉陷的影响规律．研究表明，采动断层活化具有明显的分形界面效应；采动断层剪切滑移力学行为与其分形维数是相关的，不同分形维数的断层面采动后，导致其附近岩体中的应力场和位移场也不同．

重力型断裂面滑移的分形界面效应与动力学问题研究

提出断裂面上下盘靠重力作用而发生滑移──重力型断裂面滑移的分形界面效应唁动力学行为。研究了实地地质断裂面的分形性质：构造了具有自仿射分形件质的重力型断裂血滑移模型；利用物理模拟和数值模拟方法研究了重力型断裂血滑移的分形界面效应，建立了断裂面上下盘滑距与晰裂面分形维数的经验数量关系：研究了地质断裂面滑移的动力学行为，获得了断裂面滑移失稳的刚度准则。最后指出了该专题的研究方向。

燃气管道裂纹扩展G判据及分形研究

G判据是根据裂纹体能量平衡来判断裂纹是否起裂的方法,用于材料的起裂扩展判定。城市在用燃气管道为韧性材料,其裂纹扩展用J判据进行判定。通过20钢材料的J积分试验得到裂纹起裂阶段的能量释放率G,论证起裂阶段G判据和J判据是等价的。裂纹扩展的亚临界扩展阶段,引入分形维数描述裂纹断面,计算分形效应能量释放率G,得到可用能量释放率G作为裂纹亚临界扩展判定的结论。

基于开采高度对工作面覆岩裂隙演化影响的钻孔瓦斯抽采研究

采动覆岩裂隙演化规律对层间瓦斯运移起主导作用,研究覆岩裂隙发育分布规律对于提高瓦斯抽采效率至关重要。以甘肃省魏家地矿西2107综采工作面为工程背景,采用UDEC模拟软件建立不同采高的数值模型,利用分形几何理论分析了工作面覆岩近场裂隙演化与不同开采高度的关系,确定了钻孔瓦斯抽采最优工作面高度,并通过理论经验公式、覆岩裂隙窥视情况与现场瓦斯抽采结果对其验证。结果表明:采动裂隙总数随着采高增大而增大,但不同阶段增大的幅度皆不相同,覆岩裂隙不断向覆岩四周呈“伞状”发育;不同开采高度的工作面覆岩近场裂隙均经历产生、扩张贯通、压实稳定的3个阶段,且采高越大,压实区范围越小,适当增加采高,有助于提高覆岩瓦斯抽采效果;当采高选择4 m时,顶板裂隙在位于10 m与40 m位置处的裂隙发育密度与范围均明显大于其他区域,该区域与布置高、低巷双位一体的协同抽采巷最佳位置相一致。

Characterization Method of Explosion Seismic Wave

A new characterization method of explosion seismic wave is suggested on the basis of the analysis of experimental measured results. The seismic wave function is resolved into amplitude modulation part and random one. For the latter, the fractal dimension and the relevant characterization parameters are yielded by using the Weirstrass Mandelbrot (W M) fractal function. In contrast with conventional statistical parameters, the new set of parameters is independent of the chosen time length scales and the measuring instruments. A modeling example is presented which shows that the theoretical results are in agreement with the experimental results.

Morphology effect of zirconia support on the catalytic performance of supported Ni catalysts for dry reforming of methane

An immature pinecone shaped hierarchically structured zirconia （ZrO2-ipch） and a cobblestone-like zirconia nanoparticulate （ZrO2-cs）, both with the monoclinic phase （m-phase）, were synthesized by the facile hydrothermal method and used as the support for a Ni catalyst for the dry reforming of methane （DRM） with CO2. ZrO2-ipch is a much better support than ZrO2-cs and the traditional ZrO2 irregular particles made by a simple precipitation method （ZrO2-ip）. The supported Ni catalyst on ZrO2-ipch （Ni/ZrO2-ipch） exhibited outstanding catalytic activity and coke-resistant stability compared to the ones on ZrO2-cs （Ni/ZrO2-cs） and ZrO2-ip （Ni/ZrO2-ip）. Ni/ZrO2-ip exhibited the worst catalytic performance. The origin of the significantly enhanced catalytic performance was revealed by characterization including XRD, N2 adsorption measurement （BET）, TEM, H2-TPR, CO chemisorption, CO2-TPD, XPS and TGA. The superior catalytic activity of Ni/ZrO2-ipch to Ni/ZrO2-cs or Ni/ZrO2-ip was ascribed to a higher Ni dispersion, increased reducibility, enhanced oxygen mo- bility, and more basic sites with a higher strength, which were due to the unique hierarchically structural morphology of the ZrO2-ipch support. Ni/ZrO2-ipch exhibited better stability for the DRM reaction than Ni/ZrO2-ip, which was ascribed to its higher resistance to Ni sintering due to a strengthened metal-support interaction and the confinement effect of the mesopores and coke deposition resistance. The higher coking resistance of Ni/ZrO2-ipch for the DRM reaction in comparison with Ni/ZrOz-ip orignated from the coke-removalabitity of the higher amount of lattice oxygen and more basic sites, confirmed by XPS and CO2-TPD analysis, and the stabilized Ni on the Ni/ZrO2-ipch catalyst by the confinement effect of the mesopores of the hierarchical ZrO2-ipch sup- port. The superior catalytic performance and coking resistance of the Ni/ZrO2-ipch catalyst makes it a promising candidate for synthesis gas production from the DRM reaction.

Evaluation of removal of the size effect using data scaling and elliptic Fourier descriptors in otolith shape analysis, exemplified by the discrimination of two yellow croaker stocks along the Chinese coast

Removal of the length ef fect in otolith shape analysis for stock identification using length scaling is an important issue; however, few studies have attempted to investigate the ef fectiveness or weakness of this methodology in application. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether commonly used size scaling methods and normalized elliptic Fourier descriptors(NEFDs) could ef fectively remove the size ef fect of fish in stock discrimination. To achieve this goal, length groups from two known geographical stocks of yellow croaker, L arimichthys polyactis, along the Chinese coast(five groups from the Changjiang River estuary of the East China Sea and three groups from the Bohai Sea) were subjected to otolith shape analysis. The results indicated that the variation of otolith shape caused by intra-stock fish length might exceed that due to inter-stock geographical separation, even when otolith shape variables are standardized with length scaling methods. This variation could easily result in misleading stock discrimination through otolith shape analysis. Therefore, conclusions about fish stock structure should be carefully drawn from otolith shape analysis because the observed discrimination may primarily be due to length ef fects, rather than dif ferences among stocks. The application of multiple methods, such as otoliths shape analysis combined with elemental fingering, tagging or genetic analysis, is recommended for sock identification.

Global attractors associated with general partly dissipative reaction-diffusion systems in unbounded domains

The asymptotic behaviour of solutions for general partly dissipative reaction-diffusion systems in Rn is studied. The asymptotic compactness of the solutions and then the existence of the global attractor are proved in L2(Rn )× L2(Rn ) .

FE-based coupling simulation of Ti60 alloy in isothermal upsetting process

A constitutive equation was proposed to describe the effect of grain size on the deformation behavior.And a coupling simulation of deformation with heat transfer and microstructure was carried out in isothermal upsetting process of Ti60 alloy.The effects of processing parameters on the equivalent strain,the equivalent stress,the temperature rise and the grain size distribution in isothermal upsetting process of Ti60 alloy were analyzed.It is concluded that the uniformity of equivalent strain and equivalent stress increases with the increase of deformation temperature.However,the temperature rise and the grain size decreases with the increase of deformation temperature.The non-uniformity of equivalent strain,equivalent stress,temperature field and grain size increases with the increase of height reduction.And the calculated grain size using simulation is in good agreement with the experimental one.

Three-dimensional consolidation deformation analysis of porous layered soft soils considering asymmetric effects

Long-term settlements for underground structures, such as tunnels and pipelines, are generally observed after the completion of construction in soft clay. The soil consolidation characteristic has great influences on the long-term deformation for underground structures. A three-dimensional consolidation analysis method under the asymmetric loads is developed for porous layered soil based on Biot's classical theory. Time-displacement effects can be fully considered in this work and the analytical solutions are obtained by the state space approach in the Cartesian coordinate. The Laplace and double Fourier integral transform are applied to the state variables in order to reduce the partial differential equations into algebraic differential equations and easily obtain the state space solution. Starting from the governing equations of saturated porous soil, the basic relationship of state space variables is established between the ground surface and the arbitrary depth in the integral transform domain. Based on the continuity conditions and boundary conditions of the multi-layered pore soil model, the multi-layered pore half-space solutions are obtained by means of the transfer matrix method and the inverse integral transforms. The accuracy of proposed method is demonstrated with existing classical solutions. The results indicate that the porous homogenous soils as well as the porous non-homogenous layered soils can be considered in this proposed method. When the consolidation time factor is 0.01, the value of immediate consolidation settlement coefficient calculated by the weighted homogenous solution is 27.4% bigger than the one calculated by the non-homogeneity solution. When the consolidation time factor is 0.05, the value of excess pore water pressure for the weighted homogenous solution is 27.2% bigger than the one for the non-homogeneity solution. It is shown that the material non-homogeneity has a great influence on the long-term settlements and the dissipation process of excess pore water pressure.

Influence of Deformation on Light Particles as a Probe of Nuclear Dissipation for a Neutron-Deficient ^178Pb System

Using a diffusion model we investigate deformation effects on the sensitivity of different light particles to nuclear dissipation for a rather neutron-deficlent ^178Pb system. Galculations show that deformation significantly increases the sensitivity of neutron emission to dissipation strength, and that this effect becomes stronger with increasing deformation.

Effects of Gradual Water Deficit Stress on Phenological and Morphological Traits in Chickpea （Cicer arietinum L.）

The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of gradual water deficit stress on some phonological and morphological traits and grain yield of desi and kabuli chickpea cultivars. This study was carried out in 2007 and 2008, to evaluate responses of three chickpea cultivars （Hashem and Arman from kabuli and Pirooz from desi type） under well watering （I1： 70mm evaporation from class A pan）, gradual water deficit （12 and 13： 70→90→ 110→130 and 70→100→130mm evaporation from class A pan, respectively） and severe water stress （14： 130mm evaporation from class A pan）. Result showed that days to flowering and plant height were decreased, as water limitation increased. This reduction was significant under gradual water stress （I2 and I3） and Severe water deficit （I4）, compared with control （I1）. There were no significant differences in grain filling period and grain yield among I~, I2 and I3 irrigation treatments. No significant differences in days to physiologic maturity and number of sub branches were recorded among irrigation treatments. Interactions of year×cultivar for days to physiologic maturity, grain filling period and grain yield （P≤0.01） and for days to flowering and plant height （P≤0.05） were significant. The superiority of Arman in producing comparatively greater grain yield could be attributed to higher grain filling period of this cultivar in both years.

A new interpretation of internal-variable theory in finite thermo-viscoelasticity

Based on the non-equilibrium thermodynamics,an internal-variable theory in thermo-viscoelasticity at finite deformation was proposed by Huang in 1999.In this theory,a modified stretch of the molecular chain was introduced,and hence the molecular network model in rubber elasticity was extended to take into account the viscous and thermal effects of the material.The viscous dissipation of the material can then be described by means of these internal variables,which appear in the expression of the modified stretch.In order to give a clearer explanation on the physical implication of the internal variables,a connection between the internal-variable theory and theoretical formulation based on the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient in existing literature is presented in this paper,which allows the above internal-variable theory to be more systematic.