A recently released XMM-Newton note revealed a significant calibration issue between nuclear spectroscopic telescope array(NuSTAR)and XMM-Newton European Photon Imaging Camera(EPIC)and provided an empirical correction...A recently released XMM-Newton note revealed a significant calibration issue between nuclear spectroscopic telescope array(NuSTAR)and XMM-Newton European Photon Imaging Camera(EPIC)and provided an empirical correction to the EPIC effective area.To quantify the bias caused by the calibration issue in the joint analysis of XMM-NuSTAR spectra and verify the effectiveness of the correction,in this work,we perform joint-fitting of the NuSTAR and EPIC-pn spectra for a large sample of 104 observation pairs of 44 X-ray bright active galactic nuclei(AGN).The spectra were extracted after requiring perfect simultaneity between the XMM-Newton and NuSTAR exposures(merging good time intervals(GTIs)from two missions)to avoid bias due to the rapid spectral variability of the AGN.Before the correction,the EPIC-pn spectra are systematically harder than the corresponding NuSTAR spectra by■subsequently yielding significantly underestimated cutoff energy E_(cut)and the strength of reflection component R when performing joint-fitting.We confirm that the correction is highly effective and can commendably erase the discrepancy in best-fitΓ,E_(cut),and R.We thus urge the community to apply the correction when joint-fitting XMM-NuSTAR spectra,but note that the correction is limited to 3–12 keV and therefore not applicable when the soft X-ray band data are included.Besides,we show that as merging GTIs from two missions would cause severe loss of NuSTAR net exposure time,in many cases,joint-fitting yields no advantage compared with utilizing NuSTAR data alone.Finally,We present a technical note on filtering periods of high background flares for XMM-Newton EPIC-pn exposures in the small window(SW)mode.展开更多
The beginning of the Japanese Upper Paleolithic has mainly been examined using two major models:the Middle Paleolithic evolutionary model within the archipelago and the continental Upper Paleolithic diffusion/migratio...The beginning of the Japanese Upper Paleolithic has mainly been examined using two major models:the Middle Paleolithic evolutionary model within the archipelago and the continental Upper Paleolithic diffusion/migration model.However,recent archeological data from Japan and nearby countries are challenging such simple models.This paper critically reviews previous chronology of the Japanese Paleolithic,including possible Lower and Middle Paleolithic(LP/MP),and attempts to show an alternative model of the beginning of the Japanese Upper Paleolithic.This paper suggests several possible specimens of LP/MP and recommends further geoarchaeological investigation to understand the reliability and cultural relationship between possible LP/MP specimens and the Early Upper Paleolithic(EUP).The start of the Japanese EUP is presently characterized by a flake industry with trapezoids and denticulates around 39-37 kaBP cal on Paleo-Honshu Island,which has partial resemblance with contemporary assemblages in China and the Korean Peninsula,although trapezoids are endemic only to the Japanese EUP and may have derived from the ancestral lithic tradition.Blade technology appeared earliest on Central Paleo-Honshu Island,about 1000 years later than the earliest flake technology.Although blade technology may have originated from the elongated flake technology of the previous period,the sudden simultaneous emergence implies that it diffused from the Korean Peninsula.This paper proposes that blade technology from the Korean Peninsula arrived on the northeastern Paleo-Honshu Island,including the Japan Sea coastal region of western Honshu,rather than the southwest,where flake technology long prospered,due to differences in ecological settings and adaptation strategies between the two regions.展开更多
We designed a high-precision array pulse sensor for TCM （traditional Chinese medicine） that can directly transform pulse-pressure signal into electric current signal and is compatible with CMOS technology. We adopte...We designed a high-precision array pulse sensor for TCM （traditional Chinese medicine） that can directly transform pulse-pressure signal into electric current signal and is compatible with CMOS technology. We adopted a sacrificelayer craft for the transistor gate. During testing, we found that the precision of the capacitor for the array sensor is 0. 5fF/hPa when the pressure was changing within the range of 1.5kPa to 9.5kPa. More importantly, the output-current and the pressure of the sensor have a good linearity and exponential characteristics. According to the data from the experiment,we conclude that the characteristic of the response-current is related to the area of the MOS gate.展开更多
A 30Gbit/s receptor module is developed with a CMOS integrated receiver chip（IC） and a GaAs-based 1 × 12 photo detector array of PIN-type. Parallel technology is adopted in this module to realize a high-speed r...A 30Gbit/s receptor module is developed with a CMOS integrated receiver chip（IC） and a GaAs-based 1 × 12 photo detector array of PIN-type. Parallel technology is adopted in this module to realize a high-speed receiver module with medium speed devices. A high-speed printed circuit board（PCB） is designed and produced. The IC chip and the PD array are packaged on the PCB by chip-on-board technology. Flip chip alignment is used for the PD array accurately assembled on the module so that a plug-type optical port is built. Test results show that the module can receive parallel signals at 30Gbit/s. The sensitivity of the module is - 13.6dBm for 10^-13 BER.展开更多
Triplexers are designed based on SOl flattop arrayed waveguide gratings （AWGs）. Three wavelengths （1310, 1490,and 1550nm） operate at three diffraction orders of AWGs. Simulation shows that the 3dB bandwidth,crosst...Triplexers are designed based on SOl flattop arrayed waveguide gratings （AWGs）. Three wavelengths （1310, 1490,and 1550nm） operate at three diffraction orders of AWGs. Simulation shows that the 3dB bandwidth,crosstalk, and loss are 6nm,less than -40dB, and 5dB, respectively. The output optical fields of the device fabricated in our laboratory are clear and show a good triplexing function.展开更多
Both the vertical cavity surface emitting diodes and detectors are fabricated by using the epitaxial wafer with resonant cavity structure.Their characteristics are analyzed.The light emitters have high spectral purity...Both the vertical cavity surface emitting diodes and detectors are fabricated by using the epitaxial wafer with resonant cavity structure.Their characteristics are analyzed.The light emitters have high spectral purity of 4 8nm and high electroluminescence intensity of 0 7mW while injection current is 50mA.A 1×16 array of surface emitting light device is tested on line by probes and then used for module.The light detectors have wavelength selectivity and space selectivity.The required difference in input mirror reflectivity between emitters and detectors can easily be achieved though varying the numbers of top DBR period by etching.展开更多
This paper presents a 155Mbps limiting amplifier for STM-1 systems of SDH optical communication. It is implemented in CSMC 0.5μm CMOS technology. Under a supply voltage of 3.3V, it has a power consumption of 198mW. T...This paper presents a 155Mbps limiting amplifier for STM-1 systems of SDH optical communication. It is implemented in CSMC 0.5μm CMOS technology. Under a supply voltage of 3.3V, it has a power consumption of 198mW. The core of the circuit is composed of 6 cascaded amplifiers that are in a conventional structure of differential pairs,an output buffer, and a DC offset cancellation feedback loop. The small signal gain can be adjusted from 74 to 44dB by an off-chip resistor. The chip was packaged before being tested. The experimental results indicate that the circuit has an input dynamic range of 54dB and provides a single-ended output swing of 950mV. Its output eye diagram remains satisfactory when the pseudo-random bit sequence （PRBS） input speed reaches 400Mbps.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12033006,12192221,123B2042).
文摘A recently released XMM-Newton note revealed a significant calibration issue between nuclear spectroscopic telescope array(NuSTAR)and XMM-Newton European Photon Imaging Camera(EPIC)and provided an empirical correction to the EPIC effective area.To quantify the bias caused by the calibration issue in the joint analysis of XMM-NuSTAR spectra and verify the effectiveness of the correction,in this work,we perform joint-fitting of the NuSTAR and EPIC-pn spectra for a large sample of 104 observation pairs of 44 X-ray bright active galactic nuclei(AGN).The spectra were extracted after requiring perfect simultaneity between the XMM-Newton and NuSTAR exposures(merging good time intervals(GTIs)from two missions)to avoid bias due to the rapid spectral variability of the AGN.Before the correction,the EPIC-pn spectra are systematically harder than the corresponding NuSTAR spectra by■subsequently yielding significantly underestimated cutoff energy E_(cut)and the strength of reflection component R when performing joint-fitting.We confirm that the correction is highly effective and can commendably erase the discrepancy in best-fitΓ,E_(cut),and R.We thus urge the community to apply the correction when joint-fitting XMM-NuSTAR spectra,but note that the correction is limited to 3–12 keV and therefore not applicable when the soft X-ray band data are included.Besides,we show that as merging GTIs from two missions would cause severe loss of NuSTAR net exposure time,in many cases,joint-fitting yields no advantage compared with utilizing NuSTAR data alone.Finally,We present a technical note on filtering periods of high background flares for XMM-Newton EPIC-pn exposures in the small window(SW)mode.
基金JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers 18H03596(PI:Yosuke Kaifu)JP19H01336(PI:Hiroyuki Sato)21H00608(PI:Kazuki Morisaki)。
文摘The beginning of the Japanese Upper Paleolithic has mainly been examined using two major models:the Middle Paleolithic evolutionary model within the archipelago and the continental Upper Paleolithic diffusion/migration model.However,recent archeological data from Japan and nearby countries are challenging such simple models.This paper critically reviews previous chronology of the Japanese Paleolithic,including possible Lower and Middle Paleolithic(LP/MP),and attempts to show an alternative model of the beginning of the Japanese Upper Paleolithic.This paper suggests several possible specimens of LP/MP and recommends further geoarchaeological investigation to understand the reliability and cultural relationship between possible LP/MP specimens and the Early Upper Paleolithic(EUP).The start of the Japanese EUP is presently characterized by a flake industry with trapezoids and denticulates around 39-37 kaBP cal on Paleo-Honshu Island,which has partial resemblance with contemporary assemblages in China and the Korean Peninsula,although trapezoids are endemic only to the Japanese EUP and may have derived from the ancestral lithic tradition.Blade technology appeared earliest on Central Paleo-Honshu Island,about 1000 years later than the earliest flake technology.Although blade technology may have originated from the elongated flake technology of the previous period,the sudden simultaneous emergence implies that it diffused from the Korean Peninsula.This paper proposes that blade technology from the Korean Peninsula arrived on the northeastern Paleo-Honshu Island,including the Japan Sea coastal region of western Honshu,rather than the southwest,where flake technology long prospered,due to differences in ecological settings and adaptation strategies between the two regions.
文摘We designed a high-precision array pulse sensor for TCM （traditional Chinese medicine） that can directly transform pulse-pressure signal into electric current signal and is compatible with CMOS technology. We adopted a sacrificelayer craft for the transistor gate. During testing, we found that the precision of the capacitor for the array sensor is 0. 5fF/hPa when the pressure was changing within the range of 1.5kPa to 9.5kPa. More importantly, the output-current and the pressure of the sensor have a good linearity and exponential characteristics. According to the data from the experiment,we conclude that the characteristic of the response-current is related to the area of the MOS gate.
文摘A 30Gbit/s receptor module is developed with a CMOS integrated receiver chip（IC） and a GaAs-based 1 × 12 photo detector array of PIN-type. Parallel technology is adopted in this module to realize a high-speed receiver module with medium speed devices. A high-speed printed circuit board（PCB） is designed and produced. The IC chip and the PD array are packaged on the PCB by chip-on-board technology. Flip chip alignment is used for the PD array accurately assembled on the module so that a plug-type optical port is built. Test results show that the module can receive parallel signals at 30Gbit/s. The sensitivity of the module is - 13.6dBm for 10^-13 BER.
文摘Triplexers are designed based on SOl flattop arrayed waveguide gratings （AWGs）. Three wavelengths （1310, 1490,and 1550nm） operate at three diffraction orders of AWGs. Simulation shows that the 3dB bandwidth,crosstalk, and loss are 6nm,less than -40dB, and 5dB, respectively. The output optical fields of the device fabricated in our laboratory are clear and show a good triplexing function.
文摘Both the vertical cavity surface emitting diodes and detectors are fabricated by using the epitaxial wafer with resonant cavity structure.Their characteristics are analyzed.The light emitters have high spectral purity of 4 8nm and high electroluminescence intensity of 0 7mW while injection current is 50mA.A 1×16 array of surface emitting light device is tested on line by probes and then used for module.The light detectors have wavelength selectivity and space selectivity.The required difference in input mirror reflectivity between emitters and detectors can easily be achieved though varying the numbers of top DBR period by etching.
文摘This paper presents a 155Mbps limiting amplifier for STM-1 systems of SDH optical communication. It is implemented in CSMC 0.5μm CMOS technology. Under a supply voltage of 3.3V, it has a power consumption of 198mW. The core of the circuit is composed of 6 cascaded amplifiers that are in a conventional structure of differential pairs,an output buffer, and a DC offset cancellation feedback loop. The small signal gain can be adjusted from 74 to 44dB by an off-chip resistor. The chip was packaged before being tested. The experimental results indicate that the circuit has an input dynamic range of 54dB and provides a single-ended output swing of 950mV. Its output eye diagram remains satisfactory when the pseudo-random bit sequence （PRBS） input speed reaches 400Mbps.
