张家山336号汉墓《功令》的几个问题

《文物》1992年第9期发表的《江陵张家山两座汉墓出土大批竹简》公布了张家山336号汉墓《功令》两枚竹简的照片,我们据此加以释文并根据发掘报告及整理者的叙述,初步探讨了《功令》的内容、制定背景,试图为了解汉初律令体制提供具体的例证。

Effect of Purple Yam(Dioscorea alata L.) on Nutritional and Physiological Functions of Growing Rats

[Objective] This study was to explore the effect of purple yam on the nutritional and physiological functions of rats.[Method] Forty SD rats were randomly divided into four groups with ten rats in each group which were reared with artificial semisynthetic feed added with 10% steamed yam powder.The four groups,the casein（CK） group which was used as the control,the purple yam（PY） group,the Tiegun yam（TY） group and common Huai yam（HY） group,were supplied with feed of equal content of energy,protein and fat.The rats were pair-fed for 56 days to observe changes of relevant nutritional and physiological indices.[Result] There were no significant differences of body weight,food conversion rate and organ indices between rats in PY group and CK group.Mean corpuscular hemoglobin in PY group was significantly lower than that in CK group;hemoglobin showed no significant difference with that in CK group;eosnophils was lower than that in CK group.Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,total cholesterol and atherogenic index in PY group were lower than that in the other three groups;anti-atherogenic index was the highest among the four groups,while showing no significant difference;triglyceride content was lower than that in CK group.Among the antioxidant indices,the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase were higher than that in CK group,while malondialdehyde content was lower than that in CK group.[Conclusion] Purple yam showed the trend of reducing the content of blood glucose,total cholesterol,low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,triglyceride,malondialdehyde,and raising the activity of glutathione peroxidase,superoxide dismutase and catalase,thus having certain antioxidative function.

乌鲁木齐历史名胜

一、乌拉泊 乌拉泊位于乌鲁木齐市南郊,乌鲁木齐河中游地带。这里水土肥沃,草木旺盛,风景秀丽,环境优美,自古即为闻名的放牧场、狩猎场。早期蒙古族厄鲁特部落牧居在乌鲁木齐时即称之为乌拉泊,寓意为“红色靶场”。传说当时的游牧部落,经常在这里射靶比武,优胜者要披上红色绢带,在草原上跃马扬鞭。

THEORETICAL STUDY ON THE EXCITED STATES AND STABILITIES OF B_3, B_3^- AND B_3^+

The geometries and vibrational frequencies of the ground and low-lying excited states for B_3, B_3^- and B_3^+ are determined with the energy gradient method using the polarized double-zeta(6-31G*) basis set. The stabilities for the states of B_3,B_3^- and B_3^+ have been investigated based on the vibrational analysis. The correlation energy obtained for each state is considered with the configuration interaction (CISD+Q) technique. B_3 and B_3^+ have stable equilateral triangle geometry, while B_3^- has stable equilateral triangle, isosceles triangle and linear geometries. The Jahn-Teller distortion for a ~3E' state of B_3^- in D_(3h) symmetry is also discussed.

“汉语”的陷阱(二)——“同士·同志”

有一部译制的儿童动画电视片叫《阿拉蕾》.片中的千兵卫博士看到他所制作的两个钟表在吵嘴时说了这么一句话,“你们都是钟表同士,不应该吵吵闹闹……”可以推测,这里的“钟表同士”的原文应该是“时计同士”,但是用汉语的“同士”来译日语的“同士”恐怕大有可商榷之处.

三色龙冈美如画

龙冈位于永丰县南部,是畲族聚居地之一,有孤江河穿境而过,蕴＂红色之魂,蓝色之俗,绿色之美。＂红色历史垂千古早在1926年,中共永丰支部就在龙冈建立了农会、工会、学生会,推动工农运动发展。大革命失败后,永丰工农武装大部分转移到龙冈地区,共产党领导龙冈人民更早、更广泛、更深入地开展了土地革命,建立根据地。1930年上半年,

What MELD score mandates use of entecavir for ACLF-HBV HBeAg-negative patients?

AIM: To investigate optimal timing for therapeutic efficacy of entecavir for acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure (ACLF-HBV) in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)negative patients. METHODS: A total of 109 inpatients with ACLF-HBV were recruited from the Department of Infectious Diseases of the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University from October 2007 to October 2010. Entecavir 0.5 mg/d was added to each patient's comprehensive therapeutic regimen. Patients were divided into threegroups according to model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score: high (≥ 30, 20 males and 4 females, mean age 47.8 ± 13.5 years); intermediate (22-30, 49 males and 5 females, 45.9 ± 12.4 years); and low (≤ 22, 28 males and 3 females, 43.4 ± 9.4 years). Statistical analysis were performed using SPSS 11.0 software. Data with normal distribution were expressed as mean ± SD and comparisons were made with Student's t tests. A value of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Viral loads were related exponentially and logarithmic data were used for analysis. RESULTS: For 24 patients with MELD score ≥ 30, treatment lasted 17.2 ± 16.5 d. Scores before and after treatment were significantly different (35.97 ± 4.87 and 40.48 ± 8.17, respectively, t = -2.762, P = 0.011); HBV DNA load was reduced (4.882 ± 1.847 copies log10/mL to 3.685 ± 1.436 copies log10/mL); and mortality rate was 95.83% (23/24). Of 54 patients with scores of 22-30, treatment lasted for 54.0 ± 43.2 d; scores before and after treatment were 25.87 ± 2.33 and 25.82 ± 13.92, respectively (t = -0.030, P = 0.976); HBV DNA load decreased from 6.308 ± 1.607 to 3.473 ± 2.097 copies log10/mL; and mortality was 51.85% (28/54). Of 31 patients with scores ≤ 22, treatment lasted for 66.1 ± 41.9 d; scores before and after treatment were 18.88 ± 2.44 and 12.39 ± 7.80, respectively, (t = 4.860, P = 0.000); HBV DNA load decreased from 5.841 ± 1.734 to 2.657 ± 1.154 copies log10/mL; and mortality was 3.23% (1/31). CONCLUSION: For HBeAg-negative patients with ACLF-HBV, when entecavir was added to comprehensive therapy, a MELD score ≥ 30 predicted very poor prognosis due to fatal liver failure.

Study on the fitting ways of artificial neural networks

Function simulation,which is called virtual reality too,is popularly applied to solve uncertain problems.Good performance of hidden layers and perfect capability of function simulation make artificial neural networks one of the best choices to simulate functions with form unknown.Inputs and outputs were used to train the structure of the ar- tificial neural network to make the outputs of network vary with the given inputs and keep consistent with the original data within tolerance.However,we couldn't get expected re- sults by using samples of a simple two-variable-model for the cause of dimensional differ- ence.The way of artificial neural networks to fit functions,which uses 'multi-dimensional surface' of high dimension to fit 'multi-dimensional line' of low dimension,was proved;the conclusion that good effects of fitting don't mean good function modeling when a dimen- sional difference exists was provided,and a suggestion of 'surface collecting' in practical engineering application was proposed when collecting useful data.

Main Wild Medical Fungi and Their Functions in Eastern Forest Region of Zhongtiao Mountain in Shanxi Province

A total of 21 species of wild medical fungi have been currently found in Zhongtiao Mountain,including wild Ganoderma spp.,Bai Lingzhi,Ganoderma applanatum（Pers.） Pat.,Phellinus igniarius（L.ex Fr.） in mulberry tree,Phellinus pini,Fomitopsis rosea Karst,Pyropolyporus adamantinus,Fomes fomentarius,Ganoderma mastoporum Pat,Inonotus obliquus,Fuscoporia punctate,Ganoderma tsugae,Trametes versicolor,Trametes orientalis Imaz,Laetiporus sulphureus,Ganoderma capense（Lloyd） Teng,Hericium erinaceus,Lycoperdon bovista,Polyporus umbellatus Fries,Wolfiporia extensa and Cordyceps barnesii Thwaites.In this paper,the main functions of the major fungi species in eastern forest region of Zhongtiao Mountain in Shanxi Province were introduced.

THE EFFECT OF ANISODAMINE ON CEREBRAL RESUSCITATION OF RATS IN ACUTE CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA FROM CARDIAC ARREST

In order to investigate the mechanisms of acute cerebral ischemia, and to look for effective drugs on cerebral resuscitation, we made a model of acute complete global brain ischemia, reperfusion and resuscitation on rats according to Garavilla's method.Our results showed that the event of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury could resuh in the increase of total brain calcium content, and anisodamine has the same reducing brain calcium contents as diltiazem's, while improving neurological outcome and alleviating injury to neurons.

Soil microbial community composition and its driving factors in alpine grasslands along a mountain elevational gradient

Understanding the vertical distribution patterns of soil microbial community and its driving factors in alpine grasslands in the humid regions of the Tibet Plateau might be of great significance for predicting the soil microbial community of this type of vegetation in response to environmental change. Using phospholipid fatty acids （PLFA）, we investigated soil microbial community composition along an elevational gradient （3094-4131 m above sea level） on Mount Yajiageng, and we explored the impact of plant functional groups and soil chemistry on the soil microbial community. Except for Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi （AM fungi） biomarker 18：2ω6,9 increasing significantly, other biomarkers did not show a consistent trend with the elevational gradient. Microbial biomass quantified by total PLFAs did not show the elevational trend and had mean values ranging from 1.64 to 4.09 ktmol per g organic carbon （OC）, which had the maximum value at the highest site. Bacterial PLFAs exhibited a similar trend with total PLFAs, and its mean values ranged from 0.82 to 1.81 μmol （g OC）-1. The bacterial to fungal biomass ratios had the minimum value at the highest site, which might be related to temperature and soil total nitrogen （TN）. The ratios of Gram-negative to Gram-positive bacteria had a significantly negative correlation with soil TN and had the maximum value at the highest site. Leguminous plant coverage and soil TN explained 58% of the total variation in the soil microbial community and could achieve the same interpretation as the whole model. Other factors may influence the soil microbial community through interaction with leguminous plant coverage and soil TN. Soil chemistry and plant functional group composition in substantial amounts explained different parts of the variation within the soil microbial community, and the interaction between them had no impact on the soil microbial community maybe beeause long-term grazing greatly reduces litter. In sum, although there were obvious differences in soil microbial communities along the elevation gradient, there were no clear elevational trends found in general. Plant functional groups and soil chemistry respectively affect the different aspects of soil microbial community. Leguminous plant coverage and soil TN had important effects in shaping soil microbial community.

Soil Microbial Activity and Functional Diversity in Primeval Beech Forests

Virgin forests are unique ecosystems, which can be used as etalon for basic biocoenotic investigation. Soil microorganisms are very sensitive reagents on influence of biotical factors, and at the same time are the active producers of phytotoxic and phytostimulating exometabolites. Studies of soil microbiota were conducted in virgin beech forests of Shyrokoluzhansky massif of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve. It was found the ratio and the number of different ecological-trophic groups of soil microorganisms changes with altitude. So the number of ammonificators with increasing of altitude above sea level was reduced. The soil at altitude of 1,100 meters above sea level was characterized by minimum content of organotrophes -1.22 × 10^6 （CFU-colony forming units/lg.a.d.s.）. At the altitude of 500 meters content of ammonificators increased at six times and was 7.07 ×10^6 CFU/lg.a.d.s., which indicates to accumulation of the soil organic matter. Similar changes occurred with the number of bacteria which are using mineral forms of nitrogen for their nutrition. Their maximum quantity （4.32 × 10^6 CFU/lg.a.d.s.） was in the soil of biotope disposed at altitude of 500 meters above sea level. Fluctuations in the number of soil micromycetes of virgin forest ecosystems have not been as significant as the bacterial microbiota （within 17 ×10^3-28 × 10^3 CFU/lg.a.d.s.）. Among a wide spectrum of bacterial microbiota were isolated strains with high phytostimulating action.

Comparing Ecological Functions of Eastern and Southern Slopes of a Rangeland Ecosystem in Chaharbagh Region, Golestan Province, Iran

Getting aware of one kind of soil surface attributs is very important. Assessment of important attributes of soil and vegetation can help us to be aware of rangeland potential and help us to determine its situation. The goal of this research is to determine some plant and soil indicators of hilly winter rangelands of Eastern and Southern slopes of Chaharbagh region in Golestan province. By considering plant cover and soil surface attributes, it used the SSCC （soil surface classification） method to assess soil surface attributes. The length and width of ecological patches were measured in the forms of lichen, lichen-Grass, forbs, shrub and bare soil inter patches with litter. Also in this research, it measured the 11 soil surface parameters. These parameters are belonging to three main soil attributes stability, infiltration and nutrient cycles. These three indicators were measured in east and west of Eastern and Southern slopes of this ecosystem and showed significance differences （p 〈 0.05） in shrub, forbs and lichen-grass. In southern and especially in west aspect, these indicators in shrub were more than Eastern. But, in lossy hill of Eastern, lichen-grass patch is more significant. The most important ecological indicators of east landscapes of this region are forbs and lichen-grass.

Projects for Accessibility and ＂Sustainable＂ Planning Alexandria （Egypt）： A Case Study

From a project oriented view point the concept of sustainability concerns a variety of themes. The evolution of any single city brings to light the fact that architecture and town planning have often expressed more than a merely stereotyped conception of ＂style＂, wherever its most significant achievements have responded to structural needs. For ＂sustainable urban development＂ we may assume the necessity of a ＂priority vision＂, according to which economic, ecologic and social potentials should be valued. This paper questions the notion of urban sustainability considering the port of Alexandria and is region at various levels. Today extending for many miles along the sea coast, the city entered a period of crisis in the 1950s when a mass exodus of foreigners followed transfer of the main activities to Cairo, while the surrounding area was subject to reclamation work as part of a plan for national development. An important event occurred in 1989 with the rebuilding of Alexandria＇s world-famous library, bringing with it a hope for revival of the city＇s ecumenical tradition and of the place it formerly held in world culture. While most of its five million inhabitants survive in a variety of unauthorised settlements and the rural areas have suffered severely from the pollution of Lake Maryut Alexandria is expanding by creation of＂gated communities＂, paralleled by intensive building for tourism along the western coast. This growing trend towards the ＂American way of life＂ is destroying any identity of place. Criticizing the unsustainability of the Alexandria of today, this paper focuses on potentials for polycentric development of the city as a vital part of its region and the Nile Delta, also considering that debate is in progress on the accomplishment of important infrastructural projects that may offer fresh opportunities for involving the topography and centuries-old life of the metropolis in designing the future city.

唐山大地震:不肯泯灭的记忆

30年前,一场举世震撼的大地震将唐山夷为一片废墟,24万条生命沦为亡魂。30年后,新城崛起,废墟不再,除去这场灾难中的幸存者,以及与之相关的少部分人,对于更多的人来说,“唐山大地震”已成为一段冰冷的历史。有关这场灾难。

艾妈妈的华丽山庄

华丽山庄坐落在永丰县龙冈畲族乡一个平展的山坡上。进大门,往里走,望得见万功山,看得到孤江水,一抹乡愁随阳光穿越而下。好客的庄园主艾妈妈手脚麻利地端出一大盘酥香绵软的薯包,并配上若干碗畲乡特有的酒酿,热情地招呼我们:来,尝尝。像问多年老朋友般,艾妈妈问我:爱人叫华,她有丽,山庄取名"华丽"好是不好?我的眼睛望向这个年近花甲的爽利女子,想起的却是自己的名字。

昔日红军战场 今朝绿色畲乡——龙冈纪行

2010年12月,笔者乘参加纪念中央苏区反"围剿"胜利80周年学术研讨会之际,来到江西永丰县龙冈乡参观考察,凭吊昔日战场,缅怀老一辈无产阶级革命家的丰功伟绩。绿色龙冈乘坐大巴出永丰县城,沿着平坦的公路前行。透过车窗,我看到丘陵起伏,流水潺潺,风光旖旎,简直像一幅绝妙的山水画。更令人陶醉的是满眼皆绿色。望远山。

SCHWARZ'S DERIVATIVE AND THE UNIVALENCE OF FUNCTIONS

<正> Let f(z) be a meromorphie function on the unit disk D: |z|<1. The Schwarz’s derivative of f(z) is defined as S_f= (f″/f′)′ - (1/2) (f″/f′)~2. Suppose that S_f is holomorphic in D throughout the present note. London had studied the problem

STUDIES ON THE SYNTHESIS OF GIBBERELLINS——STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF GIBBERELLIN A_(23) METHYL ESTER

Gibberellins form an important group of plant growth hormone, which have many biological activities. Their extensive application in agriculture, plant physiology, horticulture, medicine and other fields makes Chemists and plant physiologists go deep into studying these compounds with great interests over a long time.