人虎冲突是全球野生虎(Panthera tigris)保护和种群恢复工作迫切需要解决的问题,而人虎冲突的分布特征是开展冲突管理的重要科学依据。珲春地区是东北虎(P. t. altaica)从俄罗斯向中国扩散的重要廊道,随着东北虎种群数量的逐步增加,该...人虎冲突是全球野生虎(Panthera tigris)保护和种群恢复工作迫切需要解决的问题,而人虎冲突的分布特征是开展冲突管理的重要科学依据。珲春地区是东北虎(P. t. altaica)从俄罗斯向中国扩散的重要廊道,随着东北虎种群数量的逐步增加,该地区的人虎冲突特征亟需开展研究。本文以2016―2020年珲春地区的人虎冲突事件为基础,基于占域模型分析获得人虎冲突发生位点的特征,探究了坡向、海拔、距猎物距离等12个因素对人虎冲突的影响。结果显示,259起人虎冲突均为虎捕食家畜事件,其中东北虎捕食牛的事件约占90%,且主要发生在每年的5—7月。从特征来看,坡向(∑w_(i)=0.44)、猎物分布(∑w_(i)=0.28)、海拔(∑w_(i)=0.18)和距针阔混交林的距离(∑w_(i)=0.13)对人虎冲突的发生具有较大的影响。人虎冲突在中海拔的阴坡、针阔混交林和猎物活动频繁的区域占域率更高。未来珲春地区应从加强放牧管理、划分不同等级的人虎冲突管理范围和提高社区居民的保护意识等方面来缓解人虎冲突的发生。展开更多
The snow leopard(Panthera uncia)inhabits a human-altered alpine landscape and is often tolerated by residents in regions where the dominant religion is Tibetan Buddhism,including in Qomolangma NNR on the northern side...The snow leopard(Panthera uncia)inhabits a human-altered alpine landscape and is often tolerated by residents in regions where the dominant religion is Tibetan Buddhism,including in Qomolangma NNR on the northern side of the Chinese Himalayas.Despite these positive attitudes,many decades of rapid economic development and population growth can cause increasing disturbance to the snow leopards,altering their habitat use patterns and ultimately impacting their conservation.We adopted a dynamic landscape ecology perspective and used multiscale technique and occupancy model to better understand snow leopard habitat use and coexistence with humans in an 825 km^(2) communal landscape.We ranked eight hypothetical models containing potential natural and anthropogenic drivers of habitat use and compared them between summer and winter seasons within a year.HABITAT was the optimal model in winter,whereas ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCE was the top ranking in summer(AICc_(w)≤2).Overall,model performance was better in the winter than in the summer,suggesting that perhaps some latent summer covariates were not measured.Among the individual variables,terrain ruggedness strongly affected snow leopard habitat use in the winter,but not in the summer.Univariate modeling suggested snow leopards prefer to use rugged land in winter with a broad scale(4000 m focal radius)but with a lesser scale in summer(30 m);Snow leopards preferred habitat with a slope of 22°at a scale of 1000 m throughout both seasons,which is possibly correlated with prey occurrence.Furthermore,all covariates mentioned above showed inextricable ties with human activities(presence of settlements and grazing intensity).Our findings show that multiple sources of anthropogenic activity have complex connections with snow leopard habitat use,even under low human density when anthropogenic activities are sparsely distributed across a vast landscape.This study is also valuable for habitat use research in the future,especially regarding covariate selection for finite sample sizes in inaccessible terrain.展开更多
文摘人虎冲突是全球野生虎(Panthera tigris)保护和种群恢复工作迫切需要解决的问题,而人虎冲突的分布特征是开展冲突管理的重要科学依据。珲春地区是东北虎(P. t. altaica)从俄罗斯向中国扩散的重要廊道,随着东北虎种群数量的逐步增加,该地区的人虎冲突特征亟需开展研究。本文以2016―2020年珲春地区的人虎冲突事件为基础,基于占域模型分析获得人虎冲突发生位点的特征,探究了坡向、海拔、距猎物距离等12个因素对人虎冲突的影响。结果显示,259起人虎冲突均为虎捕食家畜事件,其中东北虎捕食牛的事件约占90%,且主要发生在每年的5—7月。从特征来看,坡向(∑w_(i)=0.44)、猎物分布(∑w_(i)=0.28)、海拔(∑w_(i)=0.18)和距针阔混交林的距离(∑w_(i)=0.13)对人虎冲突的发生具有较大的影响。人虎冲突在中海拔的阴坡、针阔混交林和猎物活动频繁的区域占域率更高。未来珲春地区应从加强放牧管理、划分不同等级的人虎冲突管理范围和提高社区居民的保护意识等方面来缓解人虎冲突的发生。
文摘The snow leopard(Panthera uncia)inhabits a human-altered alpine landscape and is often tolerated by residents in regions where the dominant religion is Tibetan Buddhism,including in Qomolangma NNR on the northern side of the Chinese Himalayas.Despite these positive attitudes,many decades of rapid economic development and population growth can cause increasing disturbance to the snow leopards,altering their habitat use patterns and ultimately impacting their conservation.We adopted a dynamic landscape ecology perspective and used multiscale technique and occupancy model to better understand snow leopard habitat use and coexistence with humans in an 825 km^(2) communal landscape.We ranked eight hypothetical models containing potential natural and anthropogenic drivers of habitat use and compared them between summer and winter seasons within a year.HABITAT was the optimal model in winter,whereas ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCE was the top ranking in summer(AICc_(w)≤2).Overall,model performance was better in the winter than in the summer,suggesting that perhaps some latent summer covariates were not measured.Among the individual variables,terrain ruggedness strongly affected snow leopard habitat use in the winter,but not in the summer.Univariate modeling suggested snow leopards prefer to use rugged land in winter with a broad scale(4000 m focal radius)but with a lesser scale in summer(30 m);Snow leopards preferred habitat with a slope of 22°at a scale of 1000 m throughout both seasons,which is possibly correlated with prey occurrence.Furthermore,all covariates mentioned above showed inextricable ties with human activities(presence of settlements and grazing intensity).Our findings show that multiple sources of anthropogenic activity have complex connections with snow leopard habitat use,even under low human density when anthropogenic activities are sparsely distributed across a vast landscape.This study is also valuable for habitat use research in the future,especially regarding covariate selection for finite sample sizes in inaccessible terrain.
