【目的】定量中国不同农业生态区和不同产量水平条件下的玉米百千克籽粒地上部吸氮量(N_(100)),分析气候、土壤、品种和施肥因素对玉米N_(100)的影响,为确定合理施氮量提供科学依据。【方法】将中国分为东北、西北、华北平原、长江中下...【目的】定量中国不同农业生态区和不同产量水平条件下的玉米百千克籽粒地上部吸氮量(N_(100)),分析气候、土壤、品种和施肥因素对玉米N_(100)的影响,为确定合理施氮量提供科学依据。【方法】将中国分为东北、西北、华北平原、长江中下游平原、西南和东南6大农作区,搜集1980—2022年发表的349篇符合要求的文献,通过数据统计分析不同区域和不同产量水平条件下的玉米N_(100),并分析采用统一和区域化的N_(100)计算出的理论施氮量差异,采用皮尔逊相关系数(pearson correlation coefficient)、随机森林(random forest)模型和整合分析(Meta-analysis)方法分析气候、土壤和施肥因素对玉米N_(100)的影响,揭示导致中国玉米N_(100)空间差异的原因。【结果】优化处理条件下,中国春玉米N_(100)显著低于夏玉米,分别为2.21和2.46;不同农业生态区玉米N_(100)存在显著差异,分别为2.19(东北春玉米)、2.12(西北春玉米)、2.54(西北夏玉米)、2.45(华北夏玉米)、2.77(长江中下游春玉米)、2.38(长江中下游夏玉米)和2.39(西南玉米区)。依据本研究全国玉米平均N_(100)(2.34)计算的理论施氮量与采用区域化的N_(100)计算得到的理论施氮量相差-22—31 kg N·hm^(-2)。地上部吸氮量、产量、年均气温是影响玉米N_(100)的最重要因素;N_(100)随产量增加呈显著二次曲线降低的趋势(P<0.01),籽粒产量可以很好地预测N_(100);品种显著影响玉米N_(100),中国常见的玉米品种郑单958、先玉335和登海605的N_(100)分别为2.42、2.12和2.39,新品种玉米N_(100)显著低于老品种。施用氮肥显著增加了玉米N_(100),且在施氮量200—300 kg N·hm^(-2)时,施氮肥引起的N_(100)增加效应最大。单施缓控释肥、深施氮肥、减少氮肥基施比例以及增加施氮次数均显著增加了玉米N_(100)。【结论】在利用N_(100)进行合理施氮量计算时,需要考虑不同农业生态区N_(100)的显著差异,以得到更加准确的推荐施氮量,玉米N_(100)的驱动因素主要为作物地上部吸氮量、产量和年均气温的变异。展开更多
The moving dynamics of nitrate nitrogen（NO3-N）in soil of maize field on meadow soil of Daling river valley in Liaoning and its rational fertilization controlling were discussed in this study by the designing of diff...The moving dynamics of nitrate nitrogen（NO3-N）in soil of maize field on meadow soil of Daling river valley in Liaoning and its rational fertilization controlling were discussed in this study by the designing of different kinds of N application methods.The results showed that the content of NO3-N in soil was increased with the amount of nitrogen fertilizer;At the same amount of nitrogen fertilizer,the content of NO3-N in soil showed a trend of chemical fertilizerstraw treatmentslow controlled release fertilizer.Based on the requirement of roots in different growth stages to nutrition,the migration directions of NO3-N could be regulated by each layer of soil.In the early growth stage,the NO3-N would move upward,while it moved downward in the late growth stage.Straw returning treatment could improve the keeping ability of soil to NO3-N and avoid the downward migration of NO3-N,as well as reduce the damage of groundwater pollution.The use of slow controlled release fertilizer had achieved the continuing releasing of nutrition.Moreover,the peak of nutrition releasing had been delayed for 30 d,which had met the requirement of nutrient supply in maturing stage.The yield of slow controlled release fertilizer treatment was the highest with the least accumulation of NO3-N and less negative influence on environment.The yield of straw returning treatment and chemical fertilizer treatment was closed to each other.展开更多
Abstract In the research, five test groups were set, including urea at O, 120, 240, 360 and 480 kg/hm^2, respectively, and analysis was conducted on mulberry leaf yield and some characters of the quality in order to e...Abstract In the research, five test groups were set, including urea at O, 120, 240, 360 and 480 kg/hm^2, respectively, and analysis was conducted on mulberry leaf yield and some characters of the quality in order to establish utility functions of ap-plied N in mulberry gardens with different production purposes and to provide schemes of rational N fertilization. The results indicated that yield of mulberry leaf and content and yield of active nutritional substances in the leaves would be reduced either by insufficient or excessive N quantity. In addition, 240 kg/hm^2 of applied N significantly improved active nutritional substances in leaf and 360 kg/hm^2 of applied N significantly improved yields of mulberry leaf and active nutritional sub-stances. Therefore, utility functions of applied N quantity with leaf yield, DNJ content and yield were established accordingly. The optimal N quantity in mulberry gardens for sericulture is recommended 360 kg/hm^2 and the optimal N quantities in mulberry gardens for increase of yield and content of DNJ are 299.56 and 294.72 kg/hm^2, respectively.展开更多
The aim of the study is to investigate the absorption laws of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and proper nitrogen application in Chuanxiangyou 9838 under no-tillage cultivation. Five nitrogen application treatmen...The aim of the study is to investigate the absorption laws of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and proper nitrogen application in Chuanxiangyou 9838 under no-tillage cultivation. Five nitrogen application treatments were designed to analyze the absorption laws of N, P and K, and to discuss the effects of different N fertilizer application amounts on yield and yield composition factors of Chuanxiangyou 9838. The results showed that gross nutrient absorption in Chuanxiangyou 9838 was greatly varied at different developmental stages under rice-rape rotation with no-tillage. The maximum N absorption in Chuanxiangyou 9838 appeared at jointing stage followed by heading stage, thirdly the tillefing stage ; the P absorption in Chuanxiangyou 9838 presented the consecutively slight increase during seedling stage and mature stage ; the K absorption in Chuanxiangyou 9838 was mainly conducted from jointing stage to heading stage, during which K absorption accounts for 73.4% of the total absorption in whole developmental stage. Consequently, N fertilizer should be applied earlier （ before jointing stage）, P fertilizer is suitable as base fertilizer and application of K fertilizer should be preferably conducted at early-middle period. When the yield reached 11 t/hm^2, the optimal N application amount in Chuanxiangyou 9838 was about 165 kg/hm^2.展开更多
文摘【目的】定量中国不同农业生态区和不同产量水平条件下的玉米百千克籽粒地上部吸氮量(N_(100)),分析气候、土壤、品种和施肥因素对玉米N_(100)的影响,为确定合理施氮量提供科学依据。【方法】将中国分为东北、西北、华北平原、长江中下游平原、西南和东南6大农作区,搜集1980—2022年发表的349篇符合要求的文献,通过数据统计分析不同区域和不同产量水平条件下的玉米N_(100),并分析采用统一和区域化的N_(100)计算出的理论施氮量差异,采用皮尔逊相关系数(pearson correlation coefficient)、随机森林(random forest)模型和整合分析(Meta-analysis)方法分析气候、土壤和施肥因素对玉米N_(100)的影响,揭示导致中国玉米N_(100)空间差异的原因。【结果】优化处理条件下,中国春玉米N_(100)显著低于夏玉米,分别为2.21和2.46;不同农业生态区玉米N_(100)存在显著差异,分别为2.19(东北春玉米)、2.12(西北春玉米)、2.54(西北夏玉米)、2.45(华北夏玉米)、2.77(长江中下游春玉米)、2.38(长江中下游夏玉米)和2.39(西南玉米区)。依据本研究全国玉米平均N_(100)(2.34)计算的理论施氮量与采用区域化的N_(100)计算得到的理论施氮量相差-22—31 kg N·hm^(-2)。地上部吸氮量、产量、年均气温是影响玉米N_(100)的最重要因素;N_(100)随产量增加呈显著二次曲线降低的趋势(P<0.01),籽粒产量可以很好地预测N_(100);品种显著影响玉米N_(100),中国常见的玉米品种郑单958、先玉335和登海605的N_(100)分别为2.42、2.12和2.39,新品种玉米N_(100)显著低于老品种。施用氮肥显著增加了玉米N_(100),且在施氮量200—300 kg N·hm^(-2)时,施氮肥引起的N_(100)增加效应最大。单施缓控释肥、深施氮肥、减少氮肥基施比例以及增加施氮次数均显著增加了玉米N_(100)。【结论】在利用N_(100)进行合理施氮量计算时,需要考虑不同农业生态区N_(100)的显著差异,以得到更加准确的推荐施氮量,玉米N_(100)的驱动因素主要为作物地上部吸氮量、产量和年均气温的变异。
基金Supported by Scientific Research Fund of Agricultural Public-welfare Industry from Ministry of Agriculture"Study on Quantitative Evaluation and Controlling Technique of Carbon-nitrogen Budget in BohaiCostal Region"(200803036)National Scientific and Technological Supporting Project"Study and Demonstration on Key Technique of High-efficiency Fertilization with Single Cropping in one year in Northeastern Cold Region"(2008BADA4B06)~~
文摘The moving dynamics of nitrate nitrogen（NO3-N）in soil of maize field on meadow soil of Daling river valley in Liaoning and its rational fertilization controlling were discussed in this study by the designing of different kinds of N application methods.The results showed that the content of NO3-N in soil was increased with the amount of nitrogen fertilizer;At the same amount of nitrogen fertilizer,the content of NO3-N in soil showed a trend of chemical fertilizerstraw treatmentslow controlled release fertilizer.Based on the requirement of roots in different growth stages to nutrition,the migration directions of NO3-N could be regulated by each layer of soil.In the early growth stage,the NO3-N would move upward,while it moved downward in the late growth stage.Straw returning treatment could improve the keeping ability of soil to NO3-N and avoid the downward migration of NO3-N,as well as reduce the damage of groundwater pollution.The use of slow controlled release fertilizer had achieved the continuing releasing of nutrition.Moreover,the peak of nutrition releasing had been delayed for 30 d,which had met the requirement of nutrient supply in maturing stage.The yield of slow controlled release fertilizer treatment was the highest with the least accumulation of NO3-N and less negative influence on environment.The yield of straw returning treatment and chemical fertilizer treatment was closed to each other.
基金Supported by Special Fund of Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(No.CARS-22)Special Fund of Major Industry Technology of Sichuan Economic and Trade Commission(No.2008NC00365)+1 种基金Excellent Paper Fund of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(No.2011JYGC-LWJJ-07)Special Fund of Sichuan Financial Genetic Engineering(No.2011JYGC-QNJJ-021)~~
文摘Abstract In the research, five test groups were set, including urea at O, 120, 240, 360 and 480 kg/hm^2, respectively, and analysis was conducted on mulberry leaf yield and some characters of the quality in order to establish utility functions of ap-plied N in mulberry gardens with different production purposes and to provide schemes of rational N fertilization. The results indicated that yield of mulberry leaf and content and yield of active nutritional substances in the leaves would be reduced either by insufficient or excessive N quantity. In addition, 240 kg/hm^2 of applied N significantly improved active nutritional substances in leaf and 360 kg/hm^2 of applied N significantly improved yields of mulberry leaf and active nutritional sub-stances. Therefore, utility functions of applied N quantity with leaf yield, DNJ content and yield were established accordingly. The optimal N quantity in mulberry gardens for sericulture is recommended 360 kg/hm^2 and the optimal N quantities in mulberry gardens for increase of yield and content of DNJ are 299.56 and 294.72 kg/hm^2, respectively.
基金Project of Scientific and Technical Supporting Programs (2006AD05B06)Key Technologies Research and Development Program of Sichuan Province during the 10th Five-year Plan During the 11th Five-year Plan(2006YZGG-28)the project from International Plant Nutrition Institute (IPNI)~~
文摘The aim of the study is to investigate the absorption laws of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and proper nitrogen application in Chuanxiangyou 9838 under no-tillage cultivation. Five nitrogen application treatments were designed to analyze the absorption laws of N, P and K, and to discuss the effects of different N fertilizer application amounts on yield and yield composition factors of Chuanxiangyou 9838. The results showed that gross nutrient absorption in Chuanxiangyou 9838 was greatly varied at different developmental stages under rice-rape rotation with no-tillage. The maximum N absorption in Chuanxiangyou 9838 appeared at jointing stage followed by heading stage, thirdly the tillefing stage ; the P absorption in Chuanxiangyou 9838 presented the consecutively slight increase during seedling stage and mature stage ; the K absorption in Chuanxiangyou 9838 was mainly conducted from jointing stage to heading stage, during which K absorption accounts for 73.4% of the total absorption in whole developmental stage. Consequently, N fertilizer should be applied earlier （ before jointing stage）, P fertilizer is suitable as base fertilizer and application of K fertilizer should be preferably conducted at early-middle period. When the yield reached 11 t/hm^2, the optimal N application amount in Chuanxiangyou 9838 was about 165 kg/hm^2.
