“和尚”的俗词源探讨

"和尚"应是梵文音译和汉语"秃"字析形省称相统一的对从事佛教人士的一种称呼,词形经历了从"禾上"到"和上"、"和尚"的变化,反映了汉民族接受外来宗教的心理变化过程。

Experimental investigation into stress-relief characteristics with upward large height and upward mining under hard thick roof

According to geological conditions of No. 3 and No. 4 coal seams （namely A3 and B4） of the Pan＇er coal mine and the parameters of panels 11223, 11224, and 11124 with fully-mechanical coal mining, we built 2D similar material simulation and FLAC3D numerical simulation models to investigate the development of mining-induced stress and the extraction effect of pressure-relief gas with large height and upward mining. Based on a comprehensive analysis of experimental data and observations, we obtained the deformation and breakage characteristics of strata overlying the coal seam, the development patterns of the mining-induced stress and fracture, and the size of the stress-relief area. The stress-relief effect was investigated and analyzed in consideration with mining height and three thick hard strata. Because of the group of three hard thick strata located in the main roof and the residual stress of mined panel 11124, the deformation, breakage, mining-induced stress and fracture development, and the stress-relief coefficient were discontinuous and asymmetrical. The breakage angle of the overlying strata, and the compressive and expansive zones of coal deformation were mainly controlled by the number, thickness, and strength of the hard stratum. Compared with the value of breakage angle derived by the traditional empirical method, the experimental value was lower than the traditional results by 3°-4°below the hard thick strata group, and by 13°-19° above the hard thick strata group. The amount of gas extracted from floor drainage roadway of B4 over 17 months was variable and the amount of gas per month differed considerably, being much smaller when panel 11223 influenced the area of the three hard thick strata. Generally, the stress-relief zone of No. 4 coal seam was small under the influence of the hard thick strata located in the main roof, which played an important role in delaying the breakage time and increasing the breakage space. In this study we gained understanding of the stress-relief mechanism influenced by the hard thick roof. The research results and engineering practice show that the main roof of the multiple hard thick strata is a critical factor in the design of panel layout and roadways for integrated coal exploitation and gas extraction, provides a theoretical basis for safe and high-efficient mining of coal resources.

The Mix and Match of Qipao during Republic Period in Shanghai

The goal of the research is to study the mix and match of Qipao to reveal the dressing conditions and fashion during Republic Period in Shanghai by comprehensively using the research methods of history and aesthetics.The photographs of women at that time are the main materials to study on.Four aspects including Qipao combining with clothes,the hairstyle,footwear and accessories will be discussed.The conclusion will be drawn on the analysis of its mix and match,appearance,image identity and the group of people who liked to wear it.

Effect of Fish Oil on Left Ventricular Function in Anes-thetized Rats

The effect of fish oil on the basal left ventricular function and changes of left ventricular function induced by isoproterenol(ISO)were demonstrated in our study. The detennina-tion of cardiac perfonnance in vivo showed that supplementation with fish oil(EPA and DHA,70%,1.4 ml / kg) had no significant effect on basal cardiac perfonnance,while it could significantly inhibit changes of+ dp / dt_(max),V_(pm) and HR induced by ISO(0.4μg/ kg,4.0μg/ kg,40μg/ kg)intrave-nously.The results suggested that supplementation with fish oil perhaps affected the function of β-adrenoceptors on rat myocardial membrane.

Upper bound solutions of stability factor of shallow tunnels in saturated soil based on strength reduction technique

Based on the upper bound theorem of limit analysis,the factor of safety for shallow tunnel in saturated soil is calculated in conjunction with the strength reduction technique.To analyze the influence of the pore pressure on the factor of safety for shallow tunnel,the power of pore pressure is regarded as a power of external force in the energy calculation.Using the rigid multiple-block failure mechanism,the objective function for the factor of safety is constructed and the optimal solutions are derived by employing the sequential quadratic programming.According to the results of optimization calculation,the factor of safety of shallow tunnel for different pore pressure coefficients and variational groundwater tables are obtained.The parameter analysis shows that the pore pressure coefficient and the location of the groundwater table have significant influence on the factor of safety for shallow tunnel.

对于单管垂直式热水采暖系统中上供下回和下供上回连接方式的分析、比较

在室内供暖设计中,如何选择系统的供热形式,这对建筑物的综合经济指标,供热系统本身的运行及使用效果等有着极其重要的影响。

Human Rights and Jainism A Comparative Study

My research paper tries to investigate certain pertinent questions which are very important for the solution of today＇s problems which we are facing in a globalised world. They are as follows： （1） By following Jain principles, how one can promote and preserve rights of the individual; （2） In what ways Jain teachings prescribed preventive measures against the violation of human rights; （3） Chronology of Indian political thought and Comparison between Jain and Gandhian human rights. Today, we are facing the problems of infringement, misuse of rights in all walks of our life. We are confronting with the problems of social, economic, and political rights, discrimination between men and women in third world countries. Inequality is rampant. To establish equality-protection, promotion, and preservation of human rights is utmost important need of the day. It is one of ways that by following Jain teachings and principles we can be able to establish equality of rights and peace in the contemporary world. So my research paper will be aptly related with the Congress main theme, the politics in the world of inequality. My paper is an interpretative study which is viewed from the socio-political dimension not from the religious or metaphysical point of view.

Correlations between zooplankton assemblages and environmental factors in the downtown rivers of Shanghai,China

Most urban rivers play an important role in urban flood control and drainage in China, but pollution is fast becoming an issue of greater importance in water management. In this study, 63 zooplankton species were recorded in four downtown rivers in Shanghai between November 2007 and October 2008. Of these, 44 species belonged to the Rotifera, 13 to Cladocera, and six to Copepoda. The three most frequently occurring zooplankton （Brachionus calyciflorus, Microcyclops Ieuckarti, and Asplanchna priodonta） accounted for 80.00%, 76.84%, and 53.68%, respectively. Rotifera were found to be dominant, comprising 86.26% of total zooplankton, while cladoceran and copepod abundance amounted to 5.08% and 8.67%, respectively. Water temperature, salinity, electrical conductivity, and total nitrogen were of the greatest significance in the occurrence of zooplankton. Two species （Schmackeria forbesi and Lepadella ovalis） were notably more sensitive to environmental factors such as salinity and electrical conductivity than other species. The population size and community were inversely correlated with the increasing nutrient levels of the four rivers, suggesting that the water quality of the four rivers had been gradually recovering from a severe eutrophic state and that water conditions of the rivers had been gradually improved.

Research on the Eigenvalues of Graphs and Mixed Graphs

This paper first elaborates the research situation and progress of Laplace characteristics and the eigenvalues value of graphs. The second is given an upper bound of characteristic value of a kind of special graph using the properties of similar matrices. At the same time, a new upper bound of Laplace characteristic values are given using properties of Laplace matrix and the similarity matrix, to improve the existing results. Then, we use the example of the upper bound of our results are more precise than some previous results. Finally the use Laplace non- zero eigenvalues of graph properties to give a bound expressions using the degree of square with a number of edges and the graph of the number, number of connected component expression map, it reflected the relationship between eigenvalues and the amount of Laplace.

Starch Modifications to Improve the Paste Stabilities Both in Phase and Viscosity for Warp Sizing

An attempt has been made to improve the paste stabilities both in viscosity of a hot starch paste and in phase of a starch-polyvinyl alcohol blend paste for warp sizing. The phase stability was evaluated in terms of the initial demixing time, and the volume percentage of polyvinyl alcohol separated. It was found that starch cross-linking is harmful to the phase stability of a starch-polyvinyl alcohol blend paste no matter what a type of polyvinyl alcohol is used, although the cross-linking is an effective technique for stabilizing the viscosity of a hot starch paste. The separation rate and extent all increase with the increase in the cross-linking degree of starch. However, this defect can be eliminated through introducing quaternary ammonium groups into crosslinked starch molecules. Evident effect can be achieved when the degree of substitution is as less as 0.021. Generally, increase in the DS reduces the separation rate and extent, and thereby raising the phase stability. Moreover, the effects of both starch content and PVA type on the separation are also considered. Cationization after starch cross-linking shows improved stabilities both in viscosity and phase.

Cystic adenoid trichoepithelioma occurring in mother and daughter: Case report

Multiple familial trichoepithelioma is a rare autosomal predominantly on the face. They are benign skin tumours trichoepithelioma occurring in two members of the same family dominant skin disease that presents as many small tumours of hair follicle differentiation. We report multiple familial

基于核函数的非线性校正算法在原油快评中的应用

为了快速准确地测量原油的密度、酸值和硫质量分数等重要性质,采用红外光谱技术结合非线性化学计量学定量校正算法建立校正模型。结果表明,分别使用最小二乘支持向量机算法(LSSVM)和核偏最小二乘(KPLS)两种基于核函数的非线性校正算法建模预测原油密度、酸值和硫质量分数的预测标准偏差分别为0.0065g/cm3、0.19mgKOH/g和0.38%以及0.0089g/cm3、0.23mgKOH/g和0.40%,预测结果的重复性与再现性等同或优于标准方法。与经典偏最小二乘(PLS)方法相比,KPLS算法准确性更高,而LSSVM具有更快的训练速率、更小的测量偏差等优点。

Directors＇ Board Characteristics and Audit Quality： Evidence From Belgium

This study investigates the relationship between board characteristics and external audit quality on a sample of 97 Belgian listed companies during the period 2003-2007. Board characteristics proxies are the composition of the board, its independence, its structure in terms of duality or independence and its diligence. Our results are consistent with board independence and size being complements with external audit, rather than substitutes

Doublecortin and CaM kinase-like-1 as an independent prognostic factor in patients with resected pancreatic carcinoma

To elucidate the effect of expression of doublecortin and CaM kinase-like-1 (DCLK1) in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). METHODSTumor specimens were obtained from 136 patients with pancreatic cancer who had undergone resection without preoperative therapy between January 2000 and December 2013 at the Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University. The resected specimens were analyzed for associations with clinicopathological data, including DCLK1 expression, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker expression, and cancer stem cell (CSC) marker expression. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed and we assessed the association between DCLK1 expression and clinicopathological factors, including the EMT marker and CSC marker. RESULTSIn total, 48.5% (66/136) of the pancreatic cancer samples were positive for DCLK1. Patients with DCLK1-positive tumors had significantly shorter survival times than those with DCLK1-negative tumors (median, 18.7 mo vs 49.5 mo, respectively; P < 0.0001). Positive DCLK1 expression correlated with histological grade (P = 0.0290), preoperative CA19-9 level (P = 0.0060), epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) expression (P = 0.0235), and the triple-positive expression of CD44/CD24/EpCAM (P = 0.0139). On univariate survival analysis, five factors were significantly associated with worse overall survival: histological grade of G2 to G4 (P = 0.0091), high preoperative serum SPan-1 level (P = 0.0034), R1/2 (P < 0.0001), positive expression of DCLK1 (P < 0.0001) or CD44 (P = 0.0245). On multivariate survival analysis, R1/2 [odds ratio (OR) = 2.019, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.380-2.933; P = 0.0004] and positive DCLK1 expression (OR = 1.848, 95%CI: 1.2854-2.661; P = 0.0009) were independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONDCLK1 expression was found to be an independent prognostic factor and it may play a crucial prognostic role by promoting acquisition of stemness.

COMPARISON STUDY ON THE INTRASEASONAL VARIATIONS IN CIRCULATIONS AND PRECIPITATION MODULATED BY THE TROPICAL CYCLOGENESIS OVER SOUTH CHINA SEA-WESTERN PACIFIC DURING GUANGDONG FLOODING PERIOD

Based on tropical cyclone datasets from Shanghai Typhoon Institute of China Meteorological Administration,the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP,USA) reanalysis data and the rainfall records from 743 stations in China,the impacts of cyclogenesis number over the South China Sea and the western Pacific are studied on the 30-60-day oscillations in the precipitation of Guangdong during the flooding period.The year with more-than-normal (less-than-normal) tropical cyclogenesis is defined as a 'high year' ('low year').In light of the irregular periodic oscillations,the method used to construct the composite life cycle is based on nine consecutive phases in each of the cycles.Phases 1,3,5,and 7 correspond to,respectively,the time when precipitation anomalies reach theminimum,a positive transition (negative-turning-to-positive) phase,the maximum,and a negative transition phase.The results showed that the precipitation of the 30-60-day oscillations is associated with the interaction between a well-organized eastward propagation system from the Arabian Sea/Bay of Bengal and a westward-propagating system (with cyclonic and anticyclonic anomalies in the northwest-southeast direction) from the South China Sea to western Pacific during the high years,whereas the precipitation is affected during a low year by the circulation over the South China Sea and western Pacific (with cyclonic and anticyclonic anomalies in the northeast-southwest direction).During the high year,the warm and wet air mass from the ocean to the west and south are transported to Guangdong by westerly anomalies and an enclosed latitudinal cell,which ascends in the Northern Hemisphere low latitudes and descends in the Southern Hemisphere low latitudes.During the low year,the warm and wet air mass from the ocean to the south is transported to Guangdong by southwesterly wind anomalies and local ascending movements.Because the kinetic energy,westerly,easterly shift,vertical velocity and vapor transportation averaged over (109-119° E,10-20° N) is stronger in high years than those in low years,the precipitation of the 30-60-day oscillations in Guangdong is higher in high years than that in low years.

Evolution of associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy: Simpler, safer and equally effective methods

Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy(ALPPS) has been recently demonstrated as a method to induce rapid and extensive hypertrophy within a short time and has been employed for a variety of primary and metastatic liver tumors. However, controversies remain due to its high morbidity and mortality. To enable safer surgery, liver surgeons have searched for better technical modifications, such as partial ALPPS, mini-ALPPS, minimally invasive ALPPS, and Terminal branches portal vein Embolization Liver Partition for Planned hepatectomy(TELPP). It seems that TELPP is very promising, because it has the main advantage of ALPPS-the rapid increase of future liver remnant volume, but the morbidity and mortality are much lower because only one surgical operation is required.

Stable CuO/La_(2)Sn_(2)O_(7) catalysts for soot combustion:Study on the monolayer dispersion behavior of CuO over a La_(2)Sn_(2)O_(7) pyrochlore support

To understand the dispersion behavior of metal oxides on composite oxide supports and with the expectation of developing more feasible catalysts for soot oxidation,CuO/La_(2)Sn_(2)O_(7)samples containing varied CuO loadings were fabricated and characterized by different techniques and density functional theory calculations.In these catalysts,a spontaneous dispersion of CuO on the La_(2)Sn_(2)O_(7)pyrochlore support formed,having a monolayer dispersion capacity of 1.90 mmol CuO/100 m^(2) La_(2)Sn_(2)O_(7)surface.When loaded below this capacity,CuO exists in a sub-monolayer or monolayer state.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),Raman spectroscopy,and Bader charge and density of states analyses indicate that there are strong interactions between the sub-monolayer/monolayer CuO and the La_(2)Sn_(2)O_(7)support,mainly through the donation of electrons from Cu to Sn at the B-sites of the structure.In contrast,Cu has negligible interactions with La at the A-sites.This suggests that,in composite oxide supports containing multiple metals,the supported metal oxide interacts preferentially with one kind of metal cation in the support.The Raman,in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy,and XPS results confirmed the formation of both O2^(-)and O2^(2-)as the active sites on the surfaces of the CuO/La_(2)Sn_(2)O_(7)catalysts,and the concentration of these active species determines the soot combustion activity.The number of active oxygen anions increased with increase in CuO loading until the monolayer dispersion capacity was reached.Above the monolayer dispersion capacity,microsized CuO crystallites formed,and these had a negative effect on the generation of active surface oxygen sites.In summary,a highly active catalyst can be prepared by covering the surface of the La_(2)Sn_(2)O_(7)support with a CuO monolayer.

An East-West Encounter in Underground Man： Harmony in Gabriel Tarde and in Chinese Philosophy

French philosopher Gabriel Tarde is known as a philosopher who describes sociology ontologically with an integrated approach and mostly by means of metaphysical interpretations. Opposing his coeval Durkheim＇s “social fact”, Tarde claims that this notion constitutes a methodological problem and the term “social” of Durkheim＇s crowds out “variability of relations”. According to him, determinants in social relations are more general and dynamic notions, such as： “change”, “contrast”, and “adaptation”. In this respect, not quite celebrated in his era, this philosopher is widely known as a metaphysician as well as a sociologist. His metaphysical ideas are clearly visible in various sections of his works, where he described with inspirations from natural phenomenon. Descriptions and analysis on natural phenomena constitute the greater part of his works. He points out similarities between the universe and the world of men in terms of functioning. Presenting these similarities, Tarde seems to reject any division between the men and the nature built up by “positive philosophy” and modern understanding. With his natural descriptions and concepts he inferred from these descriptions, such as“contradiction” and “harmony”, he almost tries to re-establish the bonds between the nature and the social life. Tarde＇s perception of holistic being and his ideas of “contradiction” and “harmony” in nature, are very close to the most basic axioms of the traditional Chinese thought. As a matter of fact, Tarde denotes these similarities in his novella called “Fragment d＇histoire future （Underground Man）”. It is also an example to display an “East-West encounter” on a fictional plane.

PLC应用于喷泉控制系统的方案设计

采用PLC与计算机组成的喷泉控制系统,充分利用PLC的通信功能和编程特点,实现上位机与下位机之间的通信和控制,由远程计算机与PLC之间进行通信,通过PLC实现对喷泉各种水型和灯光的快速控制;另一方面,利用PLC的自诊断功能,可实现喷泉控制系统的故障诊断,不但缩短了维修时间,而且提高了控制系统的稳定性。

基于UKF的雷达和机载ESM扩维跟踪

为有效提高异类传感器融合跟踪的效果,提出了一种基于UKF的雷达和机载ESM扩维跟踪算法。首先将目标和机载ESM的状态信息组合起来,形成一个高维的状态向量,从而有效抑制滤波中GPS定位误差所带来的影响;接着在此基础上采用UKF来实现目标的定位跟踪,以求进一步减小扩维后线性化误差加大等问题的影响。仿真结果表明,该算法可更好地实现对目标的定位跟踪。