[目的]分析滇中亚高山林地土壤团聚体结构对土壤优先路径形成的影响,揭示林地土壤优先路径的形成与发生机理,深化对森林生态系统土壤水文过程的认识,为滇中林区水源涵养林建设、天然林植被恢复与重建提供科学依据。[方法]选取滇中亚高...[目的]分析滇中亚高山林地土壤团聚体结构对土壤优先路径形成的影响,揭示林地土壤优先路径的形成与发生机理,深化对森林生态系统土壤水文过程的认识,为滇中林区水源涵养林建设、天然林植被恢复与重建提供科学依据。[方法]选取滇中亚高山云南松林、华山松林、滇油杉林、高山栎林4种林地土壤为研究对象,利用染色示踪法,结合Photoshop CS 5、Image Pro Plus 6.0、Surfer 15图像处理软件提取土壤优先路径,同时系统评价土壤团聚体结构特征,采用相关分析、主成分分析、灰色关联分析、耦合度分析等方法探讨土壤团聚体结构对优先路径的影响。[结果](1)研究区4种林地土壤具有良好的团聚体结构,结构稳定性依次为:华山松林>滇油杉林>云南松林>高山栎林,土壤团聚体结构受林地类型、土层深度的影响显著(P<0.05),且与不同粒级水稳定性团聚体含量有相关性。(2)林地土壤优先流具有优势性,华山松林优先路径的连通性优于云南松林、高山栎林和滇油杉林,优先路径数量随着土层深度增加逐渐减少。(3)粒径>0.25 mm水稳定性团聚体含量(WSA)、平均质量直径(MWD)、几何平均直径(GMD)、平均质量比表面积(MWSSA)、结构体破坏率(PAD)、分形维数(D)能较好地评价土壤团聚体结构特征,与优先路径数量的关联度>0.62,属于中等关联,是影响优先路径形成的重要因素。(4)滇中亚高山林地土壤团聚体结构与优先路径数量的平均耦合度为0.683,系统属于弱协调,耦合协调程度依次为:0.728(云南松林)>0.681(华山松林)>0.663(高山栎林)>0.662(滇油杉林)。[结论]土壤团聚体结构是影响土壤优先路径形成与发生的重要因素,但对优先路径的产生不起决定性作用。展开更多
The water stability of aggregates in various size classes separated from 18 samples of red soils under different managements, and the mechanisms responsible for the formation of water-stable soil aggregates were studi...The water stability of aggregates in various size classes separated from 18 samples of red soils under different managements, and the mechanisms responsible for the formation of water-stable soil aggregates were studied. The results showed that the water stability of soil aggregates declined with increasing size, especially for the low organic matter soils. Organic matter plays a key role in the formation of water-stable soil aggregates. The larger the soil aggregate size, the greater the impact of organic matter on the water stability of soil aggregates. Removal of organic matter markedly disintegrated the large water-stable aggregates (> 2.0 mm) and increased the small ones (< 0.25-0.smm) to some extent, whereas removal of free iron(aluminium) oxides considerably destroyed aggregates of all sizes, especially the < 0.25-0.5 mm classes. The contents of organic matter in water-stable aggregates increased with aggregate sizes. It is concluded from this study that small water-stable aggregates (< 0.25-0.5 mm) were chiefly cemented by Fe and Al oxides whilst the large ones (> 2.0 mm) were mainly glued up by organic matter. Both free oxides and organic matter contribute to the formation and water stability of aggregates in red soils.展开更多
Aggregate stability is a very important predictor of soil structure and strength, which influences soil erodibility. Several aggregate stability indices were selected erodibility of four soil properties from temperate...Aggregate stability is a very important predictor of soil structure and strength, which influences soil erodibility. Several aggregate stability indices were selected erodibility of four soil properties from temperate for estimating interrill types with contrasting and subtropical regions of China. This study was conducted to investigate how closely the soil interrill erodibility factor in the Water Erosion Prediction Project （WEPP） model relates to soil aggregate stability. The mass fractal dimension （FD）, geometric mean diameter （GMD）, mean weight diameter （MWD）, and aggregate stability index （ASI） of soil aggregates were calculated. A rainfall simulator with a drainable flume （3.0 m long × 1.0 m wide × 0.5 m deep） was used at four slope gradients （5°,10 °,15° and 20°）, and four rainfall intensities （0.6, 1.1, 1.7 and 2.5 mm/min）. Results indicated that the interriU erodibility （Ki） values were significantly correlated to the indices of ASI, MWD, GMD, and FD computed from the aggregate wet-sieve data. The Kihad a strong positive correlation with FD, as well as a strong negative correlation with ASI, GMD, and MWD. Soils with a higher aggregate stability and lower fractal dimension have smaller Ki values. Stable soils were characterized by a high percentage of large aggregates and the erodible soils by a high percentage of smaller aggregates. The correlation coefficients of Ki with ASI and GMD were greater than those with FD and MWD, implying that both the ASI and GMD may be better alternative parameters for empirically predicting the soil Ki factor. ASI and GMD are more reasonable in interrill soil erodibility estimation, compared with Ki calculation in original WEPP model equation. Results demonstrate the validation of soil aggregation characterization as an appropriate indicator of soil susceptibility to erosion in contrasting soil types in China.展开更多
Studies conducted over several decades have shown that the freeze-thaw cycles are a process of energy input and output in soil, which help drive the formation of soil structure, through water expansion by crystallizat...Studies conducted over several decades have shown that the freeze-thaw cycles are a process of energy input and output in soil, which help drive the formation of soil structure, through water expansion by crystallization and the movement of water and salts by thermal gradients. However, most of these studies are published in Russian or Chinese and are less accessible to international researchers. This review brought together a wide range of studies on the effects of freezing and thawing on soil structure. The following findings are summarized： i） soil structure after freeze-thaw cycles changes considerably and the changes are due to the mechanical fragmentation of soil coarse mineral particles and the aggregation of soil fine particles; ii） the particle size of soil becomes homogeneous and the variation in soil structure weakens as the number of freeze-thaw cycles increases; iii） in the freezing process of soil, an important principle in the variation of soil particle bonding is presented as： condensation →aggregation→ crystallization; iv） the freeze-thaw cycling process has a strong effect on soil structure by changing the granulometric composition of mineral particles and structures within the soil. The freeze-thaw cycling process strengthens particle bonding, which causes an overall increase in aggregate stability of soil, showing a process from destruction to reconstruction.展开更多
Soil aggregation and organic matter of soils from the pre-Pyrenean range in Catalonia (NE Spain) were studied,in order to assess their quality as carbon sinks and also to select the best soil management practices to p...Soil aggregation and organic matter of soils from the pre-Pyrenean range in Catalonia (NE Spain) were studied,in order to assess their quality as carbon sinks and also to select the best soil management practices to preserve their quality.Aggregate stability,organic carbon and micromorphology were investigated.The highest amount of organic carbon was found in alluvial,deep soils (228 Mg C ha -1 ),and the lowest was in a shallow,stony soil with a low plant cover (78 Mg C ha -1 ).Subsurface horizons of degraded soils under pastures were the ones with smaller and less-stable aggregates.Fresh residues of organic matter (OM) were found mostly in interaggregate spaces.Within the aggregates there were some organic remains that were beginning to decompose,and also impregnative nodules of amorphous OM.Although OM was evenly distributed among the aggregate fractions,the larger blocky peds had more specific surface,contained less decomposed OM and had a lower organic/mineral interphase than smaller crumb aggregates,which were also more stable.Soil carbon storage was affected primarily by the OM inputs in the surface horizons.In order to store organic carbon over the mid- and long-term periods,the mechanisms favouring structuration through biological activity and creating small aggregates with intrapedal stable microporosities seemed to be the most effective.展开更多
文摘[目的]分析滇中亚高山林地土壤团聚体结构对土壤优先路径形成的影响,揭示林地土壤优先路径的形成与发生机理,深化对森林生态系统土壤水文过程的认识,为滇中林区水源涵养林建设、天然林植被恢复与重建提供科学依据。[方法]选取滇中亚高山云南松林、华山松林、滇油杉林、高山栎林4种林地土壤为研究对象,利用染色示踪法,结合Photoshop CS 5、Image Pro Plus 6.0、Surfer 15图像处理软件提取土壤优先路径,同时系统评价土壤团聚体结构特征,采用相关分析、主成分分析、灰色关联分析、耦合度分析等方法探讨土壤团聚体结构对优先路径的影响。[结果](1)研究区4种林地土壤具有良好的团聚体结构,结构稳定性依次为:华山松林>滇油杉林>云南松林>高山栎林,土壤团聚体结构受林地类型、土层深度的影响显著(P<0.05),且与不同粒级水稳定性团聚体含量有相关性。(2)林地土壤优先流具有优势性,华山松林优先路径的连通性优于云南松林、高山栎林和滇油杉林,优先路径数量随着土层深度增加逐渐减少。(3)粒径>0.25 mm水稳定性团聚体含量(WSA)、平均质量直径(MWD)、几何平均直径(GMD)、平均质量比表面积(MWSSA)、结构体破坏率(PAD)、分形维数(D)能较好地评价土壤团聚体结构特征,与优先路径数量的关联度>0.62,属于中等关联,是影响优先路径形成的重要因素。(4)滇中亚高山林地土壤团聚体结构与优先路径数量的平均耦合度为0.683,系统属于弱协调,耦合协调程度依次为:0.728(云南松林)>0.681(华山松林)>0.663(高山栎林)>0.662(滇油杉林)。[结论]土壤团聚体结构是影响土壤优先路径形成与发生的重要因素,但对优先路径的产生不起决定性作用。
文摘The water stability of aggregates in various size classes separated from 18 samples of red soils under different managements, and the mechanisms responsible for the formation of water-stable soil aggregates were studied. The results showed that the water stability of soil aggregates declined with increasing size, especially for the low organic matter soils. Organic matter plays a key role in the formation of water-stable soil aggregates. The larger the soil aggregate size, the greater the impact of organic matter on the water stability of soil aggregates. Removal of organic matter markedly disintegrated the large water-stable aggregates (> 2.0 mm) and increased the small ones (< 0.25-0.smm) to some extent, whereas removal of free iron(aluminium) oxides considerably destroyed aggregates of all sizes, especially the < 0.25-0.5 mm classes. The contents of organic matter in water-stable aggregates increased with aggregate sizes. It is concluded from this study that small water-stable aggregates (< 0.25-0.5 mm) were chiefly cemented by Fe and Al oxides whilst the large ones (> 2.0 mm) were mainly glued up by organic matter. Both free oxides and organic matter contribute to the formation and water stability of aggregates in red soils.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41271303,40901135)the National Key Technology R&D Program(Grant Nos.2012BAK10B04,2008BAD98B02)+2 种基金the Non-profit Industry Financial Program of MWR(Grant No.201301058)the Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute of Sciences Innovation Team Project(Grant No.CKSF2012052/TB)Central public welfare scientific research project(Grant No.CKSF2013013/TB)
文摘Aggregate stability is a very important predictor of soil structure and strength, which influences soil erodibility. Several aggregate stability indices were selected erodibility of four soil properties from temperate for estimating interrill types with contrasting and subtropical regions of China. This study was conducted to investigate how closely the soil interrill erodibility factor in the Water Erosion Prediction Project （WEPP） model relates to soil aggregate stability. The mass fractal dimension （FD）, geometric mean diameter （GMD）, mean weight diameter （MWD）, and aggregate stability index （ASI） of soil aggregates were calculated. A rainfall simulator with a drainable flume （3.0 m long × 1.0 m wide × 0.5 m deep） was used at four slope gradients （5°,10 °,15° and 20°）, and four rainfall intensities （0.6, 1.1, 1.7 and 2.5 mm/min）. Results indicated that the interriU erodibility （Ki） values were significantly correlated to the indices of ASI, MWD, GMD, and FD computed from the aggregate wet-sieve data. The Kihad a strong positive correlation with FD, as well as a strong negative correlation with ASI, GMD, and MWD. Soils with a higher aggregate stability and lower fractal dimension have smaller Ki values. Stable soils were characterized by a high percentage of large aggregates and the erodible soils by a high percentage of smaller aggregates. The correlation coefficients of Ki with ASI and GMD were greater than those with FD and MWD, implying that both the ASI and GMD may be better alternative parameters for empirically predicting the soil Ki factor. ASI and GMD are more reasonable in interrill soil erodibility estimation, compared with Ki calculation in original WEPP model equation. Results demonstrate the validation of soil aggregation characterization as an appropriate indicator of soil susceptibility to erosion in contrasting soil types in China.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41301070)the National Key Basic Research Program(973 Program) of China (No.2012CB026106)+2 种基金the West Light Program for Talent Cultivation of Chinese Academy of Sciences(toDr.ZHANG Ze)the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,China Ministry of Education(to Dr.ZHANG Ze)the Scientific and Technical Projects of the Transport Department of Gansu Province,China(No.2014-03)
文摘Studies conducted over several decades have shown that the freeze-thaw cycles are a process of energy input and output in soil, which help drive the formation of soil structure, through water expansion by crystallization and the movement of water and salts by thermal gradients. However, most of these studies are published in Russian or Chinese and are less accessible to international researchers. This review brought together a wide range of studies on the effects of freezing and thawing on soil structure. The following findings are summarized： i） soil structure after freeze-thaw cycles changes considerably and the changes are due to the mechanical fragmentation of soil coarse mineral particles and the aggregation of soil fine particles; ii） the particle size of soil becomes homogeneous and the variation in soil structure weakens as the number of freeze-thaw cycles increases; iii） in the freezing process of soil, an important principle in the variation of soil particle bonding is presented as： condensation →aggregation→ crystallization; iv） the freeze-thaw cycling process has a strong effect on soil structure by changing the granulometric composition of mineral particles and structures within the soil. The freeze-thaw cycling process strengthens particle bonding, which causes an overall increase in aggregate stability of soil, showing a process from destruction to reconstruction.
基金Supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of Spain (No. SUM2006-00029-C02)
文摘Soil aggregation and organic matter of soils from the pre-Pyrenean range in Catalonia (NE Spain) were studied,in order to assess their quality as carbon sinks and also to select the best soil management practices to preserve their quality.Aggregate stability,organic carbon and micromorphology were investigated.The highest amount of organic carbon was found in alluvial,deep soils (228 Mg C ha -1 ),and the lowest was in a shallow,stony soil with a low plant cover (78 Mg C ha -1 ).Subsurface horizons of degraded soils under pastures were the ones with smaller and less-stable aggregates.Fresh residues of organic matter (OM) were found mostly in interaggregate spaces.Within the aggregates there were some organic remains that were beginning to decompose,and also impregnative nodules of amorphous OM.Although OM was evenly distributed among the aggregate fractions,the larger blocky peds had more specific surface,contained less decomposed OM and had a lower organic/mineral interphase than smaller crumb aggregates,which were also more stable.Soil carbon storage was affected primarily by the OM inputs in the surface horizons.In order to store organic carbon over the mid- and long-term periods,the mechanisms favouring structuration through biological activity and creating small aggregates with intrapedal stable microporosities seemed to be the most effective.
