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冬小麦生长与土壤-植物-大气连续体水热运移的耦合研究II:模型验证与应用 被引量:6
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作者 丛振涛 雷志栋 +1 位作者 胡和平 杨诗秀 《水利学报》 EI CSCD 北大核心 2005年第6期741-745,共5页
根据北京永乐店试验站的田间试验资料,得出冬小麦生长与土壤-植物-大气连续体(简称SPAC)水热运移耦合的WheatSPAC模型计算需要的土壤参数与冬小麦遗传参数。将模型的计算值与实测值进行比较,表明模型能够较好地模拟叶面积指数、干物质... 根据北京永乐店试验站的田间试验资料,得出冬小麦生长与土壤-植物-大气连续体(简称SPAC)水热运移耦合的WheatSPAC模型计算需要的土壤参数与冬小麦遗传参数。将模型的计算值与实测值进行比较,表明模型能够较好地模拟叶面积指数、干物质重、土壤水分温度等。利用WheatSPAC模型对不同灌溉条件下的田间水热状况与作物产量进行分析,得到结论:对于北京地区的气候条件,返青后作物蒸腾消耗占净辐射的5 0 %以上;如果返青后墒情较好,在拔节期进行灌溉对冬小麦的最终产量最为有利;如果在拔节之后进行一次灌溉,则灌溉进行得越早对产量越有利;三水以后,随灌溉量的增加,产量的边际效益递减;返青后,降雨与灌溉的总量约2 4 展开更多
关键词 冬小麦 土壤-植物-大气连续体热运移 耦合模型 灌溉制度 模型参数
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Effects of Fertilization on Moisture Content of Soils in the Loess Hilly-gully Region 被引量:1
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作者 徐宣斌 高照良 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2015年第2期278-280,共3页
[Objective] The aim of this study was to study the influence of plants on the soil moisture content under different fertilization.[Method] Using sainfoin,sweet clover,Astragalus adsurgens,alfalfa,ryegrass,little flowe... [Objective] The aim of this study was to study the influence of plants on the soil moisture content under different fertilization.[Method] Using sainfoin,sweet clover,Astragalus adsurgens,alfalfa,ryegrass,little flower,white clover as experimental material,this study explored the effects of soil moisture on the improvement of soil quality.[Result] Results showed that the soil moisture content of different plants follows as:sainfoin 〉sweet clover 〉Astragalus adsurgens 〉alfalfa perennial ryegrass 〉small crown 〉white clover,and the average moisture content reached 24.13% which was 2.45% higher than that of control group.At planting white clover,sweet clover,under the condition of 7 kinds of crops,in the treatments without fertilizer and with organic fertilizer,soil moisture content of soil in 0-20 cm grew significantly.[Conclusion] The application of organic fertilizer and growing of plants would improve soil moisture in abandoned fields,enhance the ability of soil water supply,and improve soil fertility. 展开更多
关键词 Plant FERTILIZER Moisture content of soil Loess hilly-gully region
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Effects of Water-table Depth and Soil Moisture on Plant Biomass, Diversity, and Distribution at a Seasonally Flooded Wetland of Poyang Lake, China 被引量:25
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作者 XU Xiuli ZHANG Qi +2 位作者 TAN Zhiqiang LI Yunliang WANG Xiaolong 《Chinese Geographical Science》 SCIE CSCD 2015年第6期739-756,共18页
Hydrological regime has been widely recognized as one of the major forces determining vegetation distribution in seasonally flooded wetland. Poyang Lake, the largest freshwater lake in China, has been encountering dra... Hydrological regime has been widely recognized as one of the major forces determining vegetation distribution in seasonally flooded wetland. Poyang Lake, the largest freshwater lake in China, has been encountering dramatic changes in hydrological conditions in last decade, which greatly influenced the wetland vegetations. To explore the relationships between hydrology and vegetation distri- bution, water-table depth, soil moisture, species composition, diversity and biomass were measured at a seasonally flooded wetland section at Wucheng National Nature Reserve. Three plant communities, Artemisia capillaris, Phragmites australis and Carex cineras- cens communities, were examined which are zonally distributed from upland to lakeshore with decreasing elevation. Canonical corre- spondence analysis (CCA), spearmen correlation and logistic regression were adopted to analyze the relationships between vegetation characteristics and hydrological variables of water-table depth and soil moisture. Results show that significant hydrological gradient exist along the wetland transect. Water-table demonstrates a seasonal variation and is consistently deepest in A. capillaris community (ranging from q).5 m above ground to +10.3 m below ground), intermediate in P. australis community (-2.6 m to +7.8 m) and shallow- est in C. cinerascens community (-4.5 m to +6.1 m). Soil moisture is lowest and most variable in A. capillaris community, highest and least variable in P. australis community, and intermediate and moderate variable in C. cinerascens community. The CCA ordination indicated that variables of water-table depth and soil moisture are strongly related to community distribution, which explained 81.7% of the vegetation variations. Species diversity indices are significantly positively correlated with soil moisture and negatively correlated with moisture variability, while above- and belowground biomass are positively correlated with moisture. Above- and belowground biomass present Gaussian models along the gradient of average water-table depth in growing season, while species diversity indices show bimodal patterns. The optimal average water-table depths for above- and belowground biomass are 0.8 m and 0.5 m, respectively, and are 2.2 m and 2.4 m for species richness and Shannon-Wiener indices, respectively. Outcomes of this work improved the under- standings of the relationship between hydrology and vegetation. 展开更多
关键词 water-table depth soil moisture species diversity BIOMASS Gaussian model Poyang Lake wetland
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Salt-Water Dynamics in Soils:Ⅲ.Effect of Crop Planting 被引量:3
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作者 YOUWEN-RUI MENGFAN-HUA 《Pedosphere》 SCIE CAS CSCD 1993年第1期7-22,共16页
Through a simulation test conducted with soil columns (61.8cm in diameter) in field condition,effect of crop planting upon the regulation of salt-water dynamics in soils was studied by monitoring of salt-water dynamic... Through a simulation test conducted with soil columns (61.8cm in diameter) in field condition,effect of crop planting upon the regulation of salt-water dynamics in soils was studied by monitoring of salt-water dynamics in situ,using soil salinity sensors and tensiometers.The results indicated that the amount of water absorbed by crops from the soil was generally larger than the decrement of water consumption from soil surface evaporation reduced by the crop covering the soil surface and improving the soil structure,therefore,under the conditions of crop growing and non-irrigation,water content in soil profile was less than that without crop growing,and the gradient of negative pressure of soil water in soil profile especially in the root zone was enlarged,thus causing the water flowing from subsoils into root zone and increasing the groundwater moving upwards into soil layer via capillary rise,so that the groundwater evaporation increased.Consequently,under the condition of crop growing,the salt was mainly accumulated towards the root zone rather than to the top soil.the accumulating rate of salt in groundwater via capillary rise of soil water to subsoils was increased thereby. 展开更多
关键词 groundwater evaporation salt-water dynamics water regime
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Soil Conservation Measures in Rainfed Olive Orchards in South-Eastern Spain: Impacts of Plant Strips on Soil Water Dynamics 被引量:8
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作者 V. H. DURN ZUAZO C. R. RODRíGUEZ PLEGUEZUELO +3 位作者 L. ARROYO PANADERO A. MARTíNEZ RAYA J. R. FRANCIA MARTíNEZ B. CRCELES RODRíGUEZ 《Pedosphere》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2009年第4期453-464,共12页
Sloping and mountainous olive production systems are widespread, occupying large parts of the Mediterranean landscape prone to water erosion. Soil erosion, runoff, and soil water content patterns over a three-year per... Sloping and mountainous olive production systems are widespread, occupying large parts of the Mediterranean landscape prone to water erosion. Soil erosion, runoff, and soil water content patterns over a three-year period were monitored in erosion plots on a mountainside with rainfed olive (Olea europaea cv. Picual) trees under: 1) non-tillage with barley strips of 4 m width (BS); 2) non-tillage with native vegetation strips of 4 m width (NVS); and 3) non-tillage without plant strips (NT). The erosion plots, located in Lanjaron (Granada, south-eastern Spain), on a 30% slope, were 192 m2 in area. For assessing soil water dynamics in real-time and near-continuous soil water content measurements, multisensor capacitance probes were installed in the middle of plant strips and beneath the olive tree at five soil depths (10, 20, 30, 50, and 100 cm). The highest erosion and runoff rates were measured under NT, with a mean of 17.3 Mg ha-1 year-1 and 140.0 mm year-1, respectively, over the entire study period. The BS and NVS with respect to the NT reduced erosion by 71% and 59% and runoff by 95% and 94%, respectively. In general, greater available soil water content was found under BS than NVS and NT, especially beneath the olive tree canopies. These results supported the recommendation of non-tillage with barley strips in order to reduce erosion and to preserve soil water for trees in traditional mountainous olive-producing areas, where orchards cover vast tracts of land. 展开更多
关键词 farming systems native plants RUNOFF soil erosion
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Hydraulic Resistance and Capacitance in the Soil-Plant System 被引量:1
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作者 L.P.SIMMONDS 《Pedosphere》 SCIE CAS CSCD 1991年第3期193-206,共14页
In this paper, the hydraulic resistances and capacitances were evaluated. based on the development of non-(?) model of water flow in the soil-plant system and the simulating experiment work.The results show that the m... In this paper, the hydraulic resistances and capacitances were evaluated. based on the development of non-(?) model of water flow in the soil-plant system and the simulating experiment work.The results show that the mean hydraulic resistance in the soil-plant system is 6.79×109 MPa·S·m-3; the mean hydraulic capacitance in the system is 5.2×107m3·MPa-1. In the components of hydraulic capacitance in the system, the capacitance in soil (81.8×10-6m3·MPa ) is the biggest and its variability with suii water potential is extremely strong, the capacitance in plant (5.3×10-7m3·MPa-1) is much smaller than that in soil, and the capacitance in shoots (15.5×10-7m3·2MPa-1) is bigger than that in roots (8.4×10-7m3·2MPa-1). An interesting result is that the capacitance in plant is almost equivalent to that in the soil-plant system. 展开更多
关键词 CAPACITANCE leaf water potential RESISTANCE
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Coupled Effects of Soil Water and Nutrients on Growth and Yields of Maize Plants in a Semi-Arid Region 被引量:4
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作者 SUN Zhan-Xiang ZHENG Jia-Ming SUN Wen-Tao 《Pedosphere》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2009年第5期673-680,共8页
Interaction between soil water and nutrients plays an important role in sustainable crop management in semi-arid environments.On the basis of a field experiment conducted from 2000 to 2003,this study examined the coup... Interaction between soil water and nutrients plays an important role in sustainable crop management in semi-arid environments.On the basis of a field experiment conducted from 2000 to 2003,this study examined the coupled effects of irrigation and fertilizers on maize growth and yield in a semi-arid region of northeastern China.In terms of plant productivity,nitrogen fertilizer had the most significant effect followed by irrigation and phosphate levels.The combined application of nutrients and irrigation exerted a synergistic effect on the grain yield of maize plants.Regression analysis indicated that optimal levels of nitrogen and phosphate,in addition to adequate irrigation,could greatly improve the efficiency of grain production.Similarly,optimization of soil nutrient availability substantially increased water use efficiency.These suggested that for the most efficient and sustainable crop production,irrigation and nutrient management should be based on a quantitative understanding of water/nutrients interaction,particularly in semi-arid and arid regions. 展开更多
关键词 CROP IRRIGATION NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS
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山东乐陵金丝小枣种植区土壤地球化学特征 被引量:6
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作者 王存龙 赵西强 +3 位作者 谢跃春 王红晋 郑伟军 喻超 《地球与环境》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2013年第1期56-64,共9页
以全国土地现状调查与污染防治项目取得的地球化学资料为依据,通过分析研究乐陵金丝小枣种植区土壤化学元素特征,以及土壤化学元素与乐陵金丝小枣相应元素含量之间的关系,综合得出金丝小枣种植区土壤中K、P、Cu、Fe、Mg、Mn、Se等元素... 以全国土地现状调查与污染防治项目取得的地球化学资料为依据,通过分析研究乐陵金丝小枣种植区土壤化学元素特征,以及土壤化学元素与乐陵金丝小枣相应元素含量之间的关系,综合得出金丝小枣种植区土壤中K、P、Cu、Fe、Mg、Mn、Se等元素含量较高,且对金丝小枣的品质影响较大。根据相关分析,金丝小枣果实与土壤元素中的P、Zn、B呈显著相关关系,其相关关系分别为0.5971、0.6957和0.5289;与N、Ca呈低度相关性,其相关系数均大于0.3。结合基础调查成果,提出了金丝小枣合理规划建议。 展开更多
关键词 金丝小枣 土壤-水-植物 生态地球化学特征 乐陵市
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Soil Quality Evaluation and Technology Research on Improving Land Capability——A Case Study on Huanghuaihai Plain in Shandong Province 被引量:2
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作者 王存龙 祝德成 +4 位作者 蒋文惠 赵西强 王红晋 喻超 伊飞 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2014年第11期1960-1966,共7页
Based on the geochemical data obtained from the national project about the prevention and control of soil contamination, this paper explored the properties of soil chemical elements in Huanghuaihai Plain, Shandong Pro... Based on the geochemical data obtained from the national project about the prevention and control of soil contamination, this paper explored the properties of soil chemical elements in Huanghuaihai Plain, Shandong Province. The results showed that among the grade-one nutritive elements in soil, organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus were relatively deficient while potassium was rich. Meanwhile, as the grade-two nutritive elements, calcium oxide and magnesium oxide were relatively short and sulfur’s content was abundant. About the other beneficial and trace nutri-tive elements, iron oxide, manganese, molybdenum and boron were deficient, but the content of chlorine was high, hardly lack. The main barriers to improving land productivity were soil salinization and soil heavy metal contamination. The values of soil integrated fertility index that most of the soil in the study area is middle-lower fertilized. Specifical y, the low fertility area and lower fertility area are 6 1604 and 1 244 km2 respectively, occupying about 97.43% and 1.97% of the total area. The moderate fertility soil has an area of 172 km2, occupying about 0.27% of the total area. The higher fertility soil covers an area of 128 km2, while the high fertility area of only 76 km2. This article proposed scientific fertilization, elimination of soil obsta-cle, remediation of heavy-metal-contaminated soil and other effective measures to improve land productivity according to the basic investigation results, which provides a good technological support for the planning and development of good-quality and high-benefit agriculture. 展开更多
关键词 Soil fertility soil-water-plant land productivity improvement Huanghuaihai Plain in Shandong Province
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Architectural Plasticity in Response to Soil Moisture in the Stoloniferous Herb, Duchesnea indica 被引量:17
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作者 罗学刚 董鸣 《Acta Botanica Sinica》 CSCD 2002年第1期97-100,共4页
Architectural plasticity of clonal plants may enhance exploitation of soil moisture heterogeneity by the plants. The plasticity of clonal architecture in response to soil moisture in the stoloniferous herb, Duchesne... Architectural plasticity of clonal plants may enhance exploitation of soil moisture heterogeneity by the plants. The plasticity of clonal architecture in response to soil moisture in the stoloniferous herb, Duchesnea indica Focke, was investigated in an experiment with different soil moisture contents as treatments, i.e. 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% of the maximum moisture content of soil (MMCS). As soil moisture content increased, the spacer length, ramet density, branching intensity and branching angle of D. indica plants changed by quadratic curve. And the optimum habitat for the plants was at 80% of the MMCS. This architectural plasticity in D. indica was simulated through the Dynamic Logistic Model. The imitative effect was statistically satisfactory. Its architectural plasticity observed here may allow the species to show foraging behavior in its habitat where soil moisture is patchily distributed. 展开更多
关键词 Duchesnea indica clonal plant soil moisture clonal architecture PLASTICITY
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磷化厂排放气体对环境系统的影响 被引量:4
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作者 万红友 黎成厚 《贵州大学学报(农业与生物科学版)》 2002年第1期14-18,共5页
为了探讨磷化工厂的气体排放对周围土壤、植物和水环境系统的影响 ,用氟离子选择电极测定了磷化厂周围不同距离的土壤、植物、水样的氟含量 ,并对两种典型土壤做了等温吸附试验。结果表明 ,磷化厂气体的排放给环境造成明显的氟污染 ,离... 为了探讨磷化工厂的气体排放对周围土壤、植物和水环境系统的影响 ,用氟离子选择电极测定了磷化厂周围不同距离的土壤、植物、水样的氟含量 ,并对两种典型土壤做了等温吸附试验。结果表明 ,磷化厂气体的排放给环境造成明显的氟污染 ,离厂距离越近 ,土壤、植物、水中氟的含量越高。试验条件下黄壤全氟含量高达 14 0 0 - 2 0 17mg/kg ,为全国平均水平的 2 90 %~ 4 2 0 % ,水溶性氟含量为 2 0 0~ 3 76mg/kg ;而石灰土不但全氟含量 (除 1号土外 )高达 84 6~ 16 32mg/kg ,为全国平均水平的 170 %~ 340 % ,且水溶性氟含量高达 5 0 4~ 2 0 0mg/kg ,为黄壤的 130 %~ 10 0 0 % ;紫色土全氟含量 876mg/kg ,为全国平均水平的 180 % ,水溶性氟略低于黄壤。黄壤较石灰土有更大的氟吸附容量。水溶性氟与植氟和水氟相关性较好 。 展开更多
关键词 磷化工厂 土壤-植物- 土壤 吸附 解吸 环境系统影响 排放气体
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Interaction of Pb and Cd in Soil Water Plant System and Its Mechanism: II. Pb Cd Interaction in Rhizosphere *1 被引量:17
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作者 CHENHUAIMAN LINQI 《Pedosphere》 SCIE CAS CSCD 1998年第3期237-244,共8页
The interaction of Pb Cd can be observed not only in the uptake process of elements by plants and in their influence on the growth, but also in rhizosphere. The changes in extractable Cd and Pb concentrations in the ... The interaction of Pb Cd can be observed not only in the uptake process of elements by plants and in their influence on the growth, but also in rhizosphere. The changes in extractable Cd and Pb concentrations in the rhizosphere soil of rice plants, root exudates from wheat and wheat plant and their complexing capacity with Pb and Cd were investigated under different Pb and Cd treatments. Results showed that the concentration of extractable Cd in the rhizosphere of rice in red soil was markedly increased by Pb Cd interaction. It increased by 56% in the treatment with Pb and Cd added against that in the treatment with only Cd added in soil. The considerable differences in both composition and amount of root exudate from wheat and rice were found among different treatments. Pb and Cd might be complexed by root exudates. The concentrations of free Pb and Cd in the solution were increased markedly by adding root exudate from wheat and decreased by that from rice due to Pb Cd interaction. The distribution patterns of Pb and Cd in roots were affected by Pb Cd interaction, which accelerated transport of Pb into internal tissue and retarded accumulation of Cd in external tissue. 展开更多
关键词 CD INTERACTION PB red soil rhizosphere of rice and wheat
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Effect of Shading on Gas Exchange of Cotton Leaves Under Conditions of Different Soil Water Contents 被引量:7
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作者 LIUXIANZHAO KANGSHAOZHONG 《Pedosphere》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2000年第1期77-80,共4页
Effect of different shading levels (no-shading, 80% shading, and 40% shading) on photosynthetic and stomatal responses in cotton leaves were investigated under conditions of different soil water contents in summer mid... Effect of different shading levels (no-shading, 80% shading, and 40% shading) on photosynthetic and stomatal responses in cotton leaves were investigated under conditions of different soil water contents in summer midday. All cotton leaves exhibited similar basic responses to shading, including decreased net photosynthetic rates, a tendency to decrease in transpiration rates, and increased stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration. The leaf conductance of 80% shaded and 40% shaded plants increased by 28% and 16.7% compared with no-shaded plants at high water, respectively, but the net photosynthetic rates of 80% shaded and 40% shaded plants declined by 50% and 14.73%, respectively. Results showed that combined effect of soil moisture and shading on photosynthetic and stomatal responses in cotton leaves was very remarkable. 展开更多
关键词 gas exchange leaf conductance SHADING TRANSPIRATION
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Interaction of Pb and Cd in Soil-Water-Plant System and its Mechanism: I.Pb-Cd Interaction in Red Soil-Plant System 被引量:2
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作者 ZHENGCHUNRONG CHENHUAIMAN 《Pedosphere》 SCIE CAS CSCD 1996年第1期63-72,共10页
A study on the effect of Pb-Cd interaction on plant growth and on the chemistry of elements in plants was conducted under greenhouse condition with red soil-wetland rice system in different growth stage. The results s... A study on the effect of Pb-Cd interaction on plant growth and on the chemistry of elements in plants was conducted under greenhouse condition with red soil-wetland rice system in different growth stage. The results showed that Pb-Cd interactions on growth and metal uptake varied with different growth stageS and chemical compounds added. The plant height and the root weight were markedly affected by Pb-Cd interiction in the young stage but not in the ripening stage of rice at the treatments of PbCl_2 and CdCl_2 added. However, the weight of rice straw in the ripening stage was significantly effected by Pb-Cd interaction with the treatments of Pb(OAc)_2 and CdCl_2. The chemistry of elements in plants also depended on Pb-Cd interaction in varying degrees on account of different plant parts and growth stage. It seems that Pb-Cd interaction occurred not only in roots but also in other parts of wetland rice. 展开更多
关键词 heavy metal INTERACTION Pb and Cd red soil wetland rice
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Transportation characteristics of δ^(13)C in the plants-soil-bedrock-cave system in Chongqing karst area 被引量:19
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作者 Li TingYong Li HongChun +5 位作者 Xiang XiaoJing Kuo Tz-Shing Li JunYun Zhou FuLi Chen HongLi Peng LingLi 《Science China Earth Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS 2012年第4期685-694,共10页
Here we use an analytical method to determine δ^13C in local plants and organic matter in the soils above Furong cave, Chong- qing, China. We also monitored d13C in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) of drip water, ... Here we use an analytical method to determine δ^13C in local plants and organic matter in the soils above Furong cave, Chong- qing, China. We also monitored d13C in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) of drip water, δ^13C of active deposits under the drip waters, and the concentration of air CO2 (PCO2). Based on these, we preliminarily studied the transportation characteristics of stable carbon isotope (^13C) in cave system of the subtropical karst area. The average δ^13C value of 27 local plant samples, which belong to 16 families, was -32% and the weighted δ^13C for surface dry biomass was -33%0. We found that for 54 soil samples collected from 5 soil profiles, δ^13C of soil organic matters was -22%o, which could be attributed to the different trans- portation rates of stable carbon isotopes during the decomposition of plants and organic matters in soils. The relatively lighter 12C tended to transfer into gaseous CO2, which made the relatively heavier ^13C concentrated in the soils. On the basis of moni- toring of DIC- δ^13C in drip waters from July 2009 to June 2010, we found that values in winter months were heavier and values in summer months were lighter in general, the reason of which was that in summer months, both the temperature and the hu- midity were comparatively higher, resulted in more CO2 with lighter δ^13C generated from organic matters decomposition and plants respiration. The average DIC- δ^13C value was -11%o, about 11%o heavier than the δ^13C of organic matters in soils, which proved that part of DIC in cave drip water was sourced from dissolution of inorganic carbonate (host rock, with heavier δ^13C. As for the δ^13C of active deposits at five drip water sites in Furong cave, they had almost the same variation with relatively light values. In other words, these active speleothems were deposited at equilibrium conditions for isotopic fractionation. These results suggest that the carbon isotopic information of speleothems could be used to track the evolution of local vegetation in certain situations. 展开更多
关键词 karst area δ^13 PLANT soil organic matter DIC-δ^13 in drip water active speleothems
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Nymphaeaceae Salisb. and Trapaceae Dumort. Families in the Collection of O.V. Fomina Botanical Garden
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作者 Tatyana Mazur Nikolai Didukh Anna Didukh 《Journal of Life Sciences》 2012年第1期114-118,共5页
On basis of aquatic and riverside-aquatic plants collection of O.V. fomina botanical garden is conducted research of ontogenesis, ecology, phenology, carpogenesis, biomorphology, life forms, adaptatations, of this gr... On basis of aquatic and riverside-aquatic plants collection of O.V. fomina botanical garden is conducted research of ontogenesis, ecology, phenology, carpogenesis, biomorphology, life forms, adaptatations, of this group's plants, peculiarities of their cultivation and application in conditions of temperate zone of Ukraine. Special values in research have ancient genera and species, which include representatives ofNymphaeaceae salisb, and trapaceae Dumort. families, 22 species, 6 varieties, 1 hybrid, 30 cultivars of which are presented in collection of garden in open and covered soil. For the first time in covered soil of two conservatories ecological modeling was conducted. Placement of plants is done in form of 5 models of artificial ecotopes, in 155 abatises. Four ecobiomorphological groups based on rhizome system were determined for Nymphaeaceae, among which conditionally-rhizome and conditionally-stolone are provided for the first time. 展开更多
关键词 Aquatic and riverside-aquatic plants ancient genera NYMPHAEACEAE trapaceae models of artificial ecotopes ecobiomorphological groups ontogenesis.
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Rehabilitation Soils with Date Palm Mulching Treatments
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作者 Modi Ahmed A. M. Al-Dousari 《Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A)》 2018年第3期129-141,共13页
Kuwait is located in hyper arid desert environment. This geographical location and irrational human activities accelerate the expansion of land degradation problem. In order to rehabilitate the degraded areas it is ne... Kuwait is located in hyper arid desert environment. This geographical location and irrational human activities accelerate the expansion of land degradation problem. In order to rehabilitate the degraded areas it is necessary to use soil and water resources in sustainable manner. Owing to these reasons it is essential to use appropriate methods based on the scientific diagnostics of the problem. It is compulsory to identify, specify and test different efficient, cost-effective and environment friendly sound sustainable sand control measures such as, semi-circular bunds, square micro catchment and checker board palm leaves to rehabilitate degraded lands in Liyah refilled quarries. To evaluate the impact of rehabilitation method through mulching with date palm leaves soil samples were collected (control and rehabilitation sites with square micro catchment) prior to the implementation plan and post completion of the project (three years). In this study will be highlighted on detail the results of using square micro catchment and with short brief descriptions on other water harvesting techniques. The results showed an improvement of physical soil properties after the application of these techniques. Soil fertility increased through increasing the quantity of fine and very fine sand. The soil moisture at the surface soil increased from 0.085% to 1.62% after the treatment. The untreated soil has high bulk density about 2 g/cm3 and low porosity about 27%. However, after the soil was ploughed and mulched the bulk density decreased to 0.03 g/cm3. And porosity improved 98%. This study conserved the irrigation water through reducing the proportion of soil evaporation, in addition to the creation of optimum condition for plant growth. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of using organic mulch date palm leaves with water harvesting techniques on the physical and biological properties of degraded soil in Liyah area. 展开更多
关键词 Control measures degraded lands REHABILITATION MULCHING
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Influence of the Type of Fertilization on Nitrogen Balance of the Mountain Meadow
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作者 Piotr Kacorzyk Miroslaw Kasperczyk Wojciech Szewczyk 《Journal of Life Sciences》 2014年第10期828-834,共7页
Among fertilizer ingredients nitrogen is the one noted for biggest losses because its susceptibility to volatilize to the atmosphere and to be leached away from the soil. These losses depend on the level and mode of f... Among fertilizer ingredients nitrogen is the one noted for biggest losses because its susceptibility to volatilize to the atmosphere and to be leached away from the soil. These losses depend on the level and mode of fertilization. It appears that every year in Poland river waters transport to the Baltic Sea from the whole area about 180 thousand tons of the nutrient. The largest portion of this load is ascribed to agriculture. This study focused on the highland areas, which are commonly seen as a water supplying region owing to the fact that they cover about 35% of water need in the authors' country. Specificity of grassland fertilization in these lands is high contribution of natural fertilizers including dunging with fresh manure left by penned animals, particularly by sheep. Authors decided to assess the influence of dunging by folded sheep on meadow nitrogen balance and on its concentration in percolating water. It was demonstrated that a nitrogen balance was highly negative for each object, so the grassland plants supplied their needs in large part with nitrogen from mineralization of soil organic matter. Relatively high loads of nitrogen leached out of the folded objects indicate that nitrogen from mineral fertilizers is better utilized by grassland herbage and thus is much safer for soil and water environment. 展开更多
关键词 WATER NITROGEN ENVIRONMENT mountain meadow folding.
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Dissolved Organic Nitrogen in Mediterranean Ecosystems 被引量:1
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作者 M.DELGADO-BAQUERIZO F.COVELO A.GALLARDO 《Pedosphere》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2011年第3期309-318,共10页
Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in soils has recently gained increasing interest because it may be both a direct N source for plants and the dominant available N form in nutrient-poor soils, however, its prevalence... Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in soils has recently gained increasing interest because it may be both a direct N source for plants and the dominant available N form in nutrient-poor soils, however, its prevalence in Mediterranean ecosystems remains unclear. The aims of this study were to i) estimate soil DON in a wide set of Mediterranean ecosystems and compare this levels with those for other ecosystems; ii) describe temporal changes in DON and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) forms (NH+ and NO3), and characterize spatial heterogeneity within plant communities; and iii) study the relative proportion of soil DON and DIN forms as a test of Schimel and Bennett's hypothesis that the prevalence of different N forms follows a gradient of nutrient availability. The study was carried out in eleven plant communities chosen to represent a wide spectrum of Mediterranean vegetation types, ranging from early to late successional status. DON concentrations in the studied Mediterranean plant communities (0-18.2 mg N kg-1) were consistently lower than those found in the literature for other ecosystems. We found high temporal and spatial variability in soil DON for all plant communities. As predicted by the Schimel and Bennett model for nutrient-poor ecosystems, DON dominance over ammonium and nitrate was observed for most plant communities in winter and spring soil samples. However, mineral-N dominated over DON in summer and autumn. Thus, soil water content may have an important effect on DON versus mineral N dominance in Mediterranean ecosystems 展开更多
关键词 dissolved inorganic nitrogen nitrogen cycle soil ammonium soil N availability soil nitrate
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Water use strategies of the desert riparian forest plant community in the lower reaches of Heihe River Basin, China 被引量:11
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作者 FU AiHong CHEN YaNing LI WeiHong 《Science China Earth Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS 2014年第6期1293-1305,共13页
The object of this paper is the different plant communities in the Ejina desert riparian forest. Groundwater depth, soil moisture, plant water potential, relative leaf moisture content and water use efficiency was mon... The object of this paper is the different plant communities in the Ejina desert riparian forest. Groundwater depth, soil moisture, plant water potential, relative leaf moisture content and water use efficiency was monitored, and the response of soil moisture and plant ecology to the groundwater depth and the water use efficiency of the different plant communities was analyzed. The results showed that:(1) Along with the groundwater depth increasing, predawn and midday water potential of the plants, with the exception of Reaumuria soongorica, did not decrease significantly, indicating that when the groundwater depth is less than 3 m, the plant communities in the range of 4 km from the river way did not suffer or slightly suffer from water stress;(2) The distribution of higher soil moisture content within 0–3 m soil layer is suitable with the plants’ root system, as indicated in the communities of coexisting overripe Populus euphratica or Taramrix chinensis, both of which can release excessive water into soil for shallow rooted shrubs or herbaceous plants when there is water shortage;(3) R. soongorica can absorb deep soil moisture through deep roots for their own survival;(4) The community consisting of Sophora alopecuroides, Karelinia caspica, T. chinensis, and overripe P. euphratica has the best species combination for restoring the damaged eco-environment in the lower reaches of Heihe River;(5) The order of plants’ relative leaf water contents is K. caspica &gt; S. alopecuroides &gt; young P. euphratica &gt; overripe P. euphratica &gt; mature P. euphratica = T. chinensis coexisting with other species &gt; single R. soongorica &gt; single T. chinensis and the order of WUE is single T. chinensis &gt; single R. soongorica &gt; T. chinensis living in symbiosis with other species &gt; S. alopecuroides = young P. euphratica &gt; mature P. euphratica &gt; overripe P. euphratica &gt; K. caspica. Therefore, with ample soil moisture, the plant community helps rapid growth of T. chinensis, young P. euphratica and R. soongorica plants of less moisture content. Despite this they do not have much water storage capability, but have strong drought resistance, and higher moisture contents of S. alopecuroides and K. caspica, thus leaving them with poor drought resistance. Overall, the desert riparian forest plant community in the lower reaches of Heihe River helps the species of higher WUE live on it. 展开更多
关键词 water potential soil moisture water use efficiency water use strategy desert riparian forest Heihe river
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