In the models to create a representation of the internal structure of the Earth, the distribution thicknesses of the layers, density and pressure is usually clearly shown while the idea of the distribution of temperat...In the models to create a representation of the internal structure of the Earth, the distribution thicknesses of the layers, density and pressure is usually clearly shown while the idea of the distribution of temperature in them is extremely vague. Without any doubt, this is very important information that temperature should play a significant role in all of these models. In the presented work, the results of studying of a heat flow distribution and calculations of temperatures of the crust of the Eastern Black Sea water area and adjoining territory are given. The distribution of a heat flow is made on the basis of the experimental data and also on the basis of the calculated flow values. Temperature calculation was performed by solving the heat equation. Study region was covered with equal-step grid and in its node bedding depths of boundary surfaces are known. The temperature calculations were performed at the nodes of the lattice at the bottom of the sedimentary complex, and at the border of Conrad and Moho. The calculations take into account the dependence of the coefficient of thermal conductivity of rocks on temperature.展开更多
Urbanization process to change the pattern of population distribution in rural areas to strengthen the flow of farmers in the city and rural areas; national industrial structural adjustment, the gradual decline in per...Urbanization process to change the pattern of population distribution in rural areas to strengthen the flow of farmers in the city and rural areas; national industrial structural adjustment, the gradual decline in per capital income of farmers; yearly increase in medical costs, making the farmers a serious shortage of personal medical capacity, Disease caused by poverty, due to illness back to poverty ＂phenomenon is obvious. Based on the historical background of the development of rural medical security, based on the perspective of ＂supply＂ of modem medical service, this paper analyzes the economic factors and policies of the farmers＇ ＂difficult to see medical treatment＂, and the data analysis is carried out according to the latest social data. Factors, and put forward the corresponding improvement measures.展开更多
The spatial distribution of clouds and their seasonal variations, and the three-dimensional(3D) cloud structures over East Asia have been analyzed with the CALIPSO-GOCCP data during the period from 2007 to 2012. The r...The spatial distribution of clouds and their seasonal variations, and the three-dimensional(3D) cloud structures over East Asia have been analyzed with the CALIPSO-GOCCP data during the period from 2007 to 2012. The results show that there is a large cloud fraction greater than 0.7 over southern China, and the largest cloud fraction appears in southwest China. Besides, a large cloud fraction occurs over the southeast of the Tibetan Plateau. The total and high cloud fractions show notable variations with seasons, while the middle and low cloud fractions vary a little. As for cloud vertical structure, significant differences of the cloud vertical distributions are observed between over land and ocean. Cloud fractions and the height of the maximum cloud fractions decline gradually with the increasing latitude, except for the vertical-latitude profiles over the Tibetan Plateau regions. The longitude-vertical cross sections show similar patterns from the longitude 70° E to 140° E, except the profiles with large cloud fractions over the Tibetan Plateau. From the horizontal distribution patterns and vertical structures of the clouds over East Asia, it is concluded that the huge terrain of the Tibetan Plateau has significant impacts on the cloud formation over the Tibetan Plateau region and the areas to the east. At last, the clouds from the CALIPSO-GOCCP observations are compared to those from the ERA-Interim reanalysis data. The results indicate that the ERA-Interim reanalysis data provide reasonable spatial distribution patterns and the vertical structures in terms of the total cloud fraction over East Asia. However, the total cloud fraction was underestimated about 20% by the ERA-Interim reanalysis data over most parts of East Asia, especially over the neighboring areas east of the Tibetan Plateau. Additionally, the ERA-interim reanalysis data overestimate the cloud fractions at each level in the vertical direction.展开更多
文摘In the models to create a representation of the internal structure of the Earth, the distribution thicknesses of the layers, density and pressure is usually clearly shown while the idea of the distribution of temperature in them is extremely vague. Without any doubt, this is very important information that temperature should play a significant role in all of these models. In the presented work, the results of studying of a heat flow distribution and calculations of temperatures of the crust of the Eastern Black Sea water area and adjoining territory are given. The distribution of a heat flow is made on the basis of the experimental data and also on the basis of the calculated flow values. Temperature calculation was performed by solving the heat equation. Study region was covered with equal-step grid and in its node bedding depths of boundary surfaces are known. The temperature calculations were performed at the nodes of the lattice at the bottom of the sedimentary complex, and at the border of Conrad and Moho. The calculations take into account the dependence of the coefficient of thermal conductivity of rocks on temperature.
文摘Urbanization process to change the pattern of population distribution in rural areas to strengthen the flow of farmers in the city and rural areas; national industrial structural adjustment, the gradual decline in per capital income of farmers; yearly increase in medical costs, making the farmers a serious shortage of personal medical capacity, Disease caused by poverty, due to illness back to poverty ＂phenomenon is obvious. Based on the historical background of the development of rural medical security, based on the perspective of ＂supply＂ of modem medical service, this paper analyzes the economic factors and policies of the farmers＇ ＂difficult to see medical treatment＂, and the data analysis is carried out according to the latest social data. Factors, and put forward the corresponding improvement measures.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41405006)the China Special Fund for Meteorological Research in the Public Interest(Grant Nos.GYHY201406003+3 种基金GYHY-201406001)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2012CB417204)the Basic Research Fund of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences(Grant Nos.2014R0162015Z003)
文摘The spatial distribution of clouds and their seasonal variations, and the three-dimensional(3D) cloud structures over East Asia have been analyzed with the CALIPSO-GOCCP data during the period from 2007 to 2012. The results show that there is a large cloud fraction greater than 0.7 over southern China, and the largest cloud fraction appears in southwest China. Besides, a large cloud fraction occurs over the southeast of the Tibetan Plateau. The total and high cloud fractions show notable variations with seasons, while the middle and low cloud fractions vary a little. As for cloud vertical structure, significant differences of the cloud vertical distributions are observed between over land and ocean. Cloud fractions and the height of the maximum cloud fractions decline gradually with the increasing latitude, except for the vertical-latitude profiles over the Tibetan Plateau regions. The longitude-vertical cross sections show similar patterns from the longitude 70° E to 140° E, except the profiles with large cloud fractions over the Tibetan Plateau. From the horizontal distribution patterns and vertical structures of the clouds over East Asia, it is concluded that the huge terrain of the Tibetan Plateau has significant impacts on the cloud formation over the Tibetan Plateau region and the areas to the east. At last, the clouds from the CALIPSO-GOCCP observations are compared to those from the ERA-Interim reanalysis data. The results indicate that the ERA-Interim reanalysis data provide reasonable spatial distribution patterns and the vertical structures in terms of the total cloud fraction over East Asia. However, the total cloud fraction was underestimated about 20% by the ERA-Interim reanalysis data over most parts of East Asia, especially over the neighboring areas east of the Tibetan Plateau. Additionally, the ERA-interim reanalysis data overestimate the cloud fractions at each level in the vertical direction.
