干制鲍鱼的复水特性及动力学模型

将微波真空干燥的鲍鱼干品在室温(30~35℃)和50℃水浴中进行复水试验,研究不同微波功率、真空度和干燥前浸渍盐浓度对其复水特性的影响,并建立复水动力学模型。结果表明:微波功率、真空度、干燥前浸渍盐浓度,以及复水温度和时间对鲍鱼干品复水过程有明显影响,并以Page模型为基础进行改进,改进后的模型能较好地预测鲍鱼干品的复水过程。验证实验结果显示,改进模型的预测值与真实值拟合良好,应用该模型可以提前预测鲍鱼在复水过程中是否达到饱和状态。

基于复相催化反应动力学的电站SCR系统三维数值模型

选择性催化还原(SCR)系统的三维数值模型通常不单独考虑内、外扩散.本文建立描述电站SCR反应器内烟气流动、传热传质、复相催化反应的三维数值模型.在复相催化反应的模拟中,对内、外扩散及本征动力学分别进行了考虑.计算结果与试验数据吻合良好.建立的模型可用于电站SCR系统中,氨氮摩尔比大于1的状态下,组分浓度场、温度场、速度场的分析.研究为SCR系统三维数值模型的进一步完善提供了新的思路.

植物组织的复水动力学模型

针对植物物料组织结构所具有的细胞内空间和细胞外空间的典型特征 ,分析了植物组织在复水过程中的水分迁移特性。根据提出的流动区域与非流动区域概念 ,建立了植物组织复水的一级两项动力学模型。通过试验测定云豆在 30℃和 4 5℃条件下的复水动力学曲线 ,并对试验结果进行拟合 ,拟合曲线与试验结果吻合 ,回归系数分别为 0 .998和 0 .995 ,表明该模型能够很好地表达植物组织复水动力学过程。增加复水温度可提高流动区域的平衡含水率 ,提高流动区域、非流动区域水分质量传递速率常数 ,缩短复水时间 ,可提高植物组织总平衡含水率。

气体射流冲击干燥猕猴桃片的复水动力学特性及数学模型

为了研究不同干燥条件和复水温度对猕猴桃片复水动力学的影响,实验监测了不同条件干燥猕猴桃片在相同复水温度下的吸湿曲线,并采用不同复水温度(30、50、70℃)对干制猕猴桃进行复水。此外,采用Peleg、Weibull、Proposed三个经典模型对干燥猕猴桃片的复水动力学进行拟合及验证。结果表明,干燥风温、风速以及喷嘴高度对产品的复水特性均有影响;复水速率随着风温、风速的增加和喷嘴高度的降低而增加。不同复水温度下,复水温度越高复水速率越快。Peleg、Weibull和Proposed模型均能有效描述猕猴桃干片的复水过程,其中Weibull模型具有最好的拟合度,其预测值与实验值呈良好的一致性,更适合于描述猕猴桃干片的复水动力学。

真空微波干燥制备速食糙米粥的工艺优化及干燥和复水动力学研究

以糙米为原料,通过单因素和正交试验优化速食糙米粥的最佳工艺参数,探究真空微波干燥制备速食糙米粥的干燥和复水动力学方程。结果表明,最佳工艺参数为:浸泡温度55℃,浸泡时间20 min,糙米与水的比例为1∶8,真空微波干燥18 min,干燥功率2000 W,制备的速食糙米粥的复水率最好,口感最佳,并获得其最适的干燥动力学和复水动力学方程。

青椒热风干燥动力学与复水动力学研究

为探究青椒的干燥动力学与复水动力学特性,该实验在不同热风干燥温度(40、50、60℃)下将不同规格(10 mm×10 mm、20 mm×20 mm、30 mm×30 mm、40 mm×40 mm和50 mm×50 mm)的青椒切块干燥至安全含水率,用8种常见的薄层干燥数学模型对青椒干燥特性进行拟合分析;并利用Weibull分布函数数学模型对青椒干制品复水特性进行拟合分析。结果表明,热风干燥温度为60℃、规格为10 mm×10 mm的青椒切块干燥至安全含水率所需的时间最短,为7.5 h,平均干燥速率最大;热风干燥为40℃规格为50 mm×50 mm的青椒切块干燥完成时所需时间最长,为39.5 h,平均干燥速率最小;8种数学模型拟合结果表明,Page、Modified Page与Two term exponential是描述青椒干燥水分比变化情况的最佳数学模型;Weibull分布函数拟合的决定系数R2为0.9688~0.9960,χ^(2)为0.0205~0.2912,均方根误差为0.0041~0.0582,可以准确地模拟青椒干制品的复水过程;当温度为60℃,规格为40 mm×40 mm青椒皱缩率最大,为58.06%,温度为40℃,规格为10 mm×10 mm青椒皱缩率最小,为21.25%。

超越整函数f_u:z→z exp(z+u)的动力性质

研究了超越整函数ｆｕ（ｚ）＝ｚｅｘｐ（ｚ＋ｕ）（其中ｕ为复参数）的动力学性质：存在一无界正实数序列｛Ｕｎ｝使得Ｊ｛ｆμｎ｝≠Ｄ。

Julia集及其应用

在以往的有关Julia集的研究中,人们考虑的都是解析函数的迭代。本文考察了由非解析函数迭代生成的M集,证明了它有类似于Mandelbrot集的一些性质。文中还给出了Julia集在分形几何、迭代函数系、牛顿迭代法、心物学、统计力学等其它一些领域中的应用。作者感谢与S.Bullett博士的有益交谈。

皮革真空湿加工的研究与分析

论述了皮革真空加工的工艺研究及其生产潜在性 ,并从真空机制和复相反应动力学角度 ,对研究结果进行了分析与讨论。

The Calculation of Parameters for DNA Kinetic Structure Based on Monte-Carlo Multiple Integrals

Based on protein-DNA complex crystal structural data in up-to-date Nucleic Acid Database,the related parameters of DNA Kinetic Structure were investigated by Monte-Carlo Multiple Integrals on the base of modified DNA structure statistical mechanical model,and time complexity and precision were analyzed on the calculated results.

基于Weibull分布函数的杏鲍菇干燥过程模拟及理化性质分析

研究了不同温度(40,50,60℃)、不同切片厚度(4、7、10 mm)对杏鲍菇热泵干燥动力学、体积收缩率、复水动力学、干制品色泽和氨基酸含量的影响。结果表明,Weibull分布函数能很好模拟杏鲍菇的热泵干燥过程,尺度参数α随温度升高而减小,随切片厚度增加而增大,形状参数β均小于1。干燥初期,体积收缩率与水分含量的降低呈线性关系,水分含量降低到60%时,体积收缩至原体积的70%且变化不再明显。Page模型能很好模拟杏鲍菇的复水动力学。干燥温度50℃、切片厚度4、7 mm条件下的干制品色泽较好,较长的干燥时间和高温会使杏鲍菇色泽变差。低温条件下能够保留较高的氨基酸含量。研究结果可为热泵干燥技术在杏鲍菇干燥工业生产中的应用提供借鉴。

Configuration Optimization of Two-Rail Sliders on Dynamic Characteristic

An optimal design methodology for the configuration of two rail slider was proposed to get better dynamic performance. The taper length, taper height and the rail width of the reading/writing head are considered as design variables. The complex geometry method is utilized as the search scheme in the optimization process. Optimization results show that the new slider has better dynamic characteristics and is more stable than the original designed slider. The optimization process also demonstrates that the optimum model and optimum method is effective.

Cr(Ⅵ) reduction in chromium-contaminated soil by indigenous microorganisms under aerobic condition

Bioremediation plays an increasingly important role in the remediation of chromium-contaminated soil because it is an environmentally friendly technology. To investigate the Cr(Ⅵ)reduction process by indigenous microorganisms in soil, a batch of incubation experiments were carried out in a bioreactor under aerobic conditions. The results showed that in the presence of indigenous microorganisms, the Cr(Ⅵ) concentration in the chromium-contaminated soil decreased from 1521.9 to 199.2 mg/kg within 66 h with culture medium addition, while a slight decrease in the Cr(Ⅵ) concentration was found in the sterilized soil,implying that the indigenous microorganisms contributed to the Cr(Ⅵ) reduction. In the microbial remediation process, Cr(Ⅵ)microbial reduction occurred after the reduction of NO3-, Mn4+ and Fe3+ and,before SO42- reduction. The reduction process of Cr(Ⅵ) can be divided into two phases, characterized by the exponential equation model of microbial reduction and the linear equation model of the combined effect of the major ions. It can be concluded that indigenous Cr(Ⅵ)-reducing bacteria have a potential application for in-situ remediation of Cr(Ⅵ)-contaminated soil.

Correlation of Cooperatively Localized Rearrangement on the ＂Fluidized Domain＂ of Polymers to Their Nonexponentially Viscoelastic Behaviors at Double Aging Processes （I）： A Set of Reduced Universal Equations on the Stress Relaxation Modulus and Creep Comp

Based on the structure of glass （or liquid） polymers consisting of α-domain, β-co-domain, and entanglement constituent chain networks, and the nonexponentially viscoelastic behavior, a “heterophase fluctuation” model was proposed. It was found that the dynamics of cooperative rearrangement on the “fluidized domain” has a great shear rate, domain size, and temperature dependences. When the shear rate, domain size, and temperature dependences were taken account into the cooperatively localized rearrangement on the fluidized domain by the degradation of primary α-domain and the reformation of secondary β-co-domain constituent chains. A new dynamic theory of cooperatively localized rearrangement on the fluidized domain constituent chains with different size and different network chain length during physical and mechanical aging was established. The total viscoelastic free en-ergy of deformation resulting from the change in conformations of α-domain, β-co-domain, crytallite, crosslinked, and trapped entanglement constituent chains during aging processes was calculated by the combining method of kinetics and statistical mechanics. The constitu- tive equations and reduced stress relaxation modulus and creep compliances for three types of polymers were also derived. Finally, two reduced universal equations on creep compliance and stress relaxation modulus with a non-linear and two nonexponential parameters α and β were theoretically derived from the dynamic theory and a statistically extended mode coupling theory for double aging effects of polymers was developed. Results show that the two reduced universal equations have the same form as Kohlraush-Williams-Watts （K-W-W） stretched exponential function. The nonlinearity and the nonexponentiality are, respectively, originated from the memory effects of nonthermal and thermal history. The correlation of nonlinearity, α and β to the aging time, aging temperature, and the mesomorphic structure of fluidized domains was also established.

Replication Kinetics of Coxsackievirus A16 in Human Rhabdomyosarcoma Cells

Coxsackievirus A16(CVA16),together with enterovirus type 71(EV71),is responsible for most cases of hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD) worldwide.Recent findings suggest that the recombination between CVA16 and EV71,and the co-circulation of these two viruses may have contributed to the increase of HFMD cases in China over the past few years.It is therefore important to further understand the virology,epidemiology,virus-host interactions and host pathogenesis of CVA16.In this study,we describe the viral kinetics of CVA16 in human rhabdomyosarcoma(RD) cells by analyzing the cytopathic effect(CPE),viral RNA replication,viral protein expression,viral RNA package and viral particle secretion in RD cells.We show that CVA16 appears to first attach,uncoat and enter into the host cell after adsorption for 1 h.Later on,CVA16 undergoes rapid replication from 3 to 6 h at MOI 1 and until 9 h at MOI 0.1.At MOI 0.1,CVA16 initiates a secondary infection as the virions were secreted before 9 h p.i.CPE was observed after 12 h p.i.,and viral antigen was first detected at 6 h p.i.at MOI 1 and at 9 h p.i.at MOI 0.1.Thus,our study provides important information for further investigation of CVA16 in order to better understand and ultimately control infections with this virus.

Preparation and characterization of eco-friendly poly(p-phenylenediamine) and its composite with chitosan for removal of copper ions from aqueous solutions

Poly(p-phenylenediamine)/chitosan (PPPDA/Chi) composite was prepared by in situ chemical oxidative polymerization of p-phenylenediamine (PPPDA) into chitosan (Chi) using ammonium persulphate (APS) as an oxidant. PPPDA and PPPDA/Chi composite were characterized by FT-IR spectra and SEM before and after copper loading. In batch adsorption method, the maximum removal of copper was experienced when 1 g/L of PPPDA and PPPDA/Chi composite dosages were used at pH 5.0 for PPPDA and 6.0 for PPPDA/Chi composite for 360 min for both sorbents. PPPDA showed adsorption capacity qemax of 650 mg/g whereas its composite achieved qemax of 573 mg/g. The experimental data correlate well with the Freundlich isotherm equation and the pseudo-second order kinetic model. The Cu(II), loaded PPPDA and its composite can be efficiently reused for as many as four cycles. The Cu(II)-loaded sorbents showed high antibacterial efficiency against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria than their unloaded forms.

Dynamic distribution of Ser-10 phosphorylated histone H3 in cytoplasm of MCF-7 and CHO cells during mitosis

The dynamic distribution of phosphorylated Histone H3 on Ser10 (phospho-H3) in cells was investigated to determineits function during mitosis. Human breast adenocarcinoma cells MCF-7, and Chinese hamster cells CHO were analyzedby indirect immunofluorescence staining with an antibody against phospho-H3. We found that the phosphorylationbegins at early prophase, and spreads throughout the chromosomes at late prophase. At metaphase, most of the phospho-H3 aggregates at the end of the condensed entity of chromosomes at equatorial plate. During anaphase and telophase,the fluorescent signal of phospho-H3 is detached from chromosomes into cytoplasm. At early anaphase, phospho-H3shows ladder bands between two sets of separated chromosome, and forms “sandwich-like structure” when the chro-mosomes condensed. With the cleavage progressing, the “ladders” of the histone contract into a bigger bright dot. Thenthe histone aggregates and some of compacted microtubules in the midbody region are composed into a “bar-like”complex to separate daughter cells. The daughter cells seal their plasma membrane along with the ends of the “bar”,inside which locates microtubules and modified histones, to finish the cytokinesis and keep the “bar complex” out of thecells. The specific distribution and kinetics of phospho-H3 in cytoplasm suggest that the modified histones may takepart in the formation of midbody and play a crucial role in cytokinesis.

An equivalent finite element method to kinetics analysis of complex mechanism

The Finite Element Method was combined with the results from considerable analysis, producing a new kinetics analysis method of EFEM for a mechanism in truss, geared system, and assembled system. The equivalent principle and the motive differential equation of the system were derived by using an equivalent element, a virtual inertia matrix, and a systematic force matrix. The element’s mass matrix expression in the two dimensional and three dimensional mechanisms of the equivalent element was determined. The equivalent mass matrixes fashion of the Jacobin matrix, generalized coordinate matrix, and equivalent forces matrix were also determined. It was validated by two examples that the new method was normal, simple and direct, and had a higher efficiency than alternative methods; this is regardless of whether traditional methods are used with differential equations and calculated by using a computer.

Research on an inertial piezoelectric actuator for a micro in-pipe robot

A new kind of inertial piezoelectric actuator for a micro in-pipe robot is proposed and studied. The actuator is composed of a body, corresponding to a mass rod, and four elastic legs. Each leg is a composite piezoelectric bimorph beam, made up of a middle metal element, an upper and lower piezoelectric elements. The mechanism is driven by an asymmetric waveform voltage, such as saw-toothed waveform, and utilizes the dynamic relationship between the maximum static friction force and the inertial force. To study the actuator, firstly, the constituent equation of a composite piezoelectric bimorph under both applied voltage and external force was inferred by thermodynamics. Secondly, the dvnamic model of the actuator was established analyzing the relationship between the locomotive states, viz. displacement and velocity, and design parameters, such as piezoelectric strain constant, elastic modulus,length, width and thickness of the piezoelectric element, actuator mass, and driving vohage. At last, the dynamic equation was solved and the theoretical calculation of the inherent frequency was more consistent with the experimental data, which proved the rationality of the model. All these lay a theoretical foundation of the micro actuator parameter optimization and more research on a micro robot.

Formation mechanism and growth kinetics of TiAl_(3) phase in cold-rolled Ti/Al laminated composites during annealing

Cold-rolled Ti/Al laminated composites were annealed at 525−625℃for 0−128 h,and the interfacial microstructure evolution was investigated.The results indicate that only the TiAl_(3) phase was formed at the Ti/Al interface;most of TiAl_(3) grains were fine equiaxed with average sizes ranging from hundreds of nanometers to several microns and the TiAl_(3) grain size increased with increasing annealing time and/or temperature,but the effect of annealing temperature on the TiAl_(3) grain size was far greater than that of annealing time.The growth of the TiAl_(3) phase consisted of two stages.The initial stage was governed by chemical reaction with a reaction activation energy of 195.75 kJ/mol,and the reaction rate constant of the TiAl_(3) phase was larger as the Ti/Al interface was bonded with fresh surfaces.At the second stage,the growth was governed by diffusion,the diffusion activation energy was 33.69 kJ/mol,and the diffusion growth rate constant of the TiAl_(3) phase was mainly determined by the grain boundary diffusion owing to the smaller TiAl_(3) grain size.