曹大家《幽通赋注》及其注释学意义

曹大家(班昭)《幽通赋注》是现存最早的赋注,具有体例严明、语言凝练、长于征引等特点.本文对曹注进行钩沉、辨析,考证其对汉代章句之学的批判性继承和发展,旨在以管窥豹,揭示东汉赋注的内容、特点及其在中国注释学史上的意义,为梳理汉唐文学注释的发展演变补上重要的一环.

“大家”的英语非人称对应策略分布及其多因子模型构建

人称代词“大家”具有典型的非人称代词特点。基于平行语料库对其英语对应策略及其影响因素进行考察发现,其对应偏好为:集合NP>they>零对应>every+>we>动名化>you>one,其中非人称代词策略并不占绝对优势。使用R语言软件对上述对应策略分布的影响因素进行多元逻辑回归分析,拟合出影响策略选择的最优模型为:语言来源+量化+真实性+宾语性,各因素间没有交互作用:以对应策略every+为参照项,语言来源对you、集合NP、动名化及零对应的选择有显著影响,量化对we,they及you的选择有显著影响,真实性对they和we的选择有显著影响,宾语性只对集合NP的选择有显著影响。可以预测:英语非人称代词策略的选择主要受到量化和真实性影响。

Morphological Changes of Hemocytes of Musca domestica Larva in vitro Infected by Escherichia coli

[Objective] The research aimed to observe the effects of Escherichia coli infection on the morphology of hemocytes of the 3rd stage larva of Musca domestica in vitro and understand the hemocytes types that take part in the cell immunity of Musca domestica larval.[Method] The hemcytes of the 3rd stage larva of Musca domestica were cultured in vitro and the hemocyte morphology was observed about 2,4,6,8 h after culture in vitro.After Escherichia coli were injected into the hemocytes of the 3rd stage larva of Musca domestica in vitro,the morphology changes of hemocytes were observed at different time after infection.[Result] The hemocytes of of the 3rd stage larva of Musca domestica was divided into five types about 2 h after hemoculture.The hemocytes partly adherence was seen about 6 h after hemoculture.The vacuolation and morpholysis was found in plasmatocytes after being infected by E.coli and a great quantity bacterium were gathered around granulocyte,but the morphology changes of hemocytes were not found in the prohemocyte,shprulocyte and oenocytoid.[Conclusion] The plasmatocyte and granulocyte were primary participants of the cell immunity of Musca domestica larval,but the prohemocyte,sphrulocyte and oenocytoid do not participate in the cell immune reactions.

Investigation of Macrofungi in Wula Mountain National Forest Park at Yinshan Mountains

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the fungi in Wula Mountain National Forest Park. [Method] More than 180 fungal specimens were collected from Wula Mountain National Forest Park from 2009 to 2012 for primarily studying the fungal species diversity. [Results] According to the classification system presented by Ainsworth et al. and with reference to the China catalogue of Macrofungi in species diversity catalogue of Fungi at Wula Mountain National Forest Park was written, involving in 80 species belonging to 43 genera, 22 families, 5 orders and 2 classes in the Basidiomycotina, and 6 species belonging to 2 genera, 2 families, 2 orders and2 classes in Ascomycotina, totally from 86 species, 45 genera, 7 orders, 24 families and 2 subdivisions. Among them, 49 species were edible and 22 species were medicinal, and 18 species were both edible and medicinal, and 7 species were poisonous, and 32 species were wood-rotting, and 5 species were mycorrhizal fungi,and 3 species were newly-recorded ones in Inner Mongolia. [Conclusion] There are still some specimens that have not been identified yet because of lack of literature,thus requiring further study for supplement.

胶州湾北部软底大型底栖动物丰度和生物量的研究

1995年3～11月对胶州湾北部软底海域进行了 两月一次的大型底栖动物调查。调查期间，大型底栖动物总平均丰度和总平均生物量分别为 1891.3 inds./m2和41.9 g.w.w/m2。与该海域有关大型底栖动物丰度和生物量的历史 资料相比较，本研究所得到的大型底栖动物丰度值显著增加，生物量值则有较明显的下降， 初步分析了发生这些变化主要原因。丰度和生物量比较曲线表明，所研究海域底栖生物群落 处于中等干扰(即污染的影响 )状态。

Metropolises and World Music in Globalization： Towns, Melting Pot Works, and Jazz Classics in Memories

Metropolises in the globalization call nowadays Towns＇ of jazzmen, jazzwomen and jazz lovers, in a way from which we citizens. Christian Sallenave, sociologist with musical academic and Cities＇ into question. Jazz answers with stories and memories can learn a lesson for the future of towns, metropolises and their background, shows through examples of stories of jazz in New Orleans, New York, Paris, Bordeaux and Rome, how this nomad, notable and crossbreeding music contributes to the history of jazz, and world music, and listeners＇ memories, in ＂their own way＂ as towns, cities and their memories can contribute to the prosperity of the metropolises in globalization, through original melting pot works.

Asymptotically Optimal Empirical Bayes Estimation of Parameter for Scale-exponential Family under PA Samples

The Bayes estimator of the parameter is obtained for the scale exponential family in the case of identically distributed and positively associated（PA） samples under weighted square loss function.We construct the empirical Bayes（EB） estimator and prove it is asymptotic optimal.

Clinicopathological Features of Non-familial Colorectal Cancer with High-frequency Microsatellite Instability

Objective To explore the clinicopathological features of non-familial colorectal cancer with high-frequency microsatellite instability (MSI-H). Methods One hundred and fifty patients with colorectal cancer who had no family history were enrolled in this study from June 2006 to June 2008. Five standard microsatellite loci including BAT25, BAT26, D2S123, D5S346, and D17S250 were amplified with immunofluorescent polymerase chain reaction. The patient information including age, sex, and tumor location was recorded. Pathological features including differentiation, mucinous differentiation, histological heterogeneity, and Crohn's-like reaction were observed under light microscope. The presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TLs, CD4+ and CD8+) was detected by means of immunohistochemistry. A regression equation was obtained by stepwise logistic regression analysis to evaluate the relationship between MSI-H phenotype in colorectal cancer ands pathological features. Results MSI-H phenotype occurred in 13.33% of the 150 patients with non-familial colorectal cancer. Poor differentiation, histological heterogeneity, Crohn's-like reaction, and presence of TLs were found to be independent factors to identify MSI-H non-familial colorectal cancer. Logistic regression equation showed an overall sensitivity of 70.0%, specificity of 99.2%, and accuracy of 95.3% in identifying MSI-H non-familial colorectal cancer. Conclusion MSI-H non-familial colorectal cancer manifests specific pathological features, which may be relied upon for effective identification of that disease.

Parental involvement and gender differences in the psychological profile of freshmen collegiate athletes

Background： The parent-to-child influences can be adaptive and contribute to the optimal psychological well-being and positive perception of the athlete. Contrary to the healthy parental involvement, a family can also have negative effects on an athlete development. The purpose of this study was to determine gender, father involvement, and mother involvement differences in the psychological profiles of collegiate freshmen athletes as measured by perfectionism, physical self-concept, and psychological well-being. Methods： Eighty-two male and 73 female collegiate freshmen responded to self-reported measures of family involvement, perfectionism, physical self-concept, and psychological well-being. Three separate 2 x 2 x 2 （gender x mother involvement x father involvement） factorial multivariate analysis of variance （MANOVAs） were carried out on the respective subscales from the reported measures. Results： There were significant differences for gender as well as father involvement in perfectionism （p 〈 0.01）. Freshmen females had lower concern over mistakes, and greater levels of organization as well as planfulness than males. Furthermore, freshmen athletes with high involved fathers showed greater levels of high standards for others as well as organization. Conclusion： Father involvement and mother involvement impact perfectionism, physical self-concept, and psychological well-being. perspective. extends through the freshmen year in college as shown in the athletes＇ Future research should develop better measures and utilize a family systems Copyright @ 2012, Shanghai University of Sport. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

《“大方之家”正义》商榷

成语“大方之家”源自《庄子·秋水》篇，其训释向无异议。此前杨琳先生对其提出新说加以辨正，释之为“大国之人家”。本文就其论点、论据加以质疑辩驳，肯定传统训释有其合理性，无须标新立异。

Richard Jack Canada＇s Battle Painter

As a study in art history critical theory, this paper looks at the appreciation and usage of art amongst interest groups at the time of the Great War and the subsequent legacy of the work of Canada＇s resident war artist Richard Jack. The Canadian War Museum＇s recent web page described Jack＇s standing officer in The Second Battle of Ypres 22 April to 25 May 1915 as one who ＂exemplifies the courage and resolve of the inexperienced Canadians in their first major battle＂. This comment showed a marked contrast to the contemporary art critic Richard Cork who described the first of the Canadian war memorials paintings as ＂a clich6-ridden bandaged officer ... shamelessly catering to public sentiment＂. Given these disparate positions, the author attempts to explain the gulf between these points of view and subsequently make the case that art has a broad application that might make us cautious of viewing a given work without due consideration of the context of its making and future merits.

钻井液设计专家系统规则库的检测算法

钻井液设计专家系统规则库的规模随着规则的更新与日俱增,对规则库的维护工作变得日益重要。针对规则库的从属、冗余、环路和冲突等问题提出一种检测算法。引入有向超图来表示规则库中的规则;用邻接矩阵表示该有向超图,并计算出它的可达矩阵和总可达矩阵;用总可达矩阵对规则库进行检测,找出规则库中存在的问题。实验表明,与已有的检测算法相比,该算法能够有效地检测出规则库中存在的问题,同时构建的邻接矩阵规模较小,在保证算法简洁的基础上提高了效率。

Discussion of the theories of the humanization in the education and management of the college students

In the education and management, people are the objects of the management, and also are the subjects. So in the education of the college students, how can we effectively carry on the management？ In view of this problem, this paper explains the profound theories with the description of the simple language from three aspects of the basic connotation of the humanization in the educational and management of the college students, the lack of the humanization in the education and management of the college students and its significance, and the thinking of the methods of the humanization in the education and management of the college students, to solve the concept of the humanization in the management, in order to provide the theoretical reference of the humanized management for the educators.

Becoming Adults During an Economic Crisis： What Happens to the Second Generations？

The paper presents findings of an empirical study carried out in an Italian area and focused on the effects of the economic crisis on immigrant families： the goal was to identify how the difficulties of these years （not only socio-economic but also in terms of negative attitudes toward immigrants） affect on the life-paths of second generations. What happens to their school career？ Are they forced to leave school in order to improve the family＇s income？ Are they sent back to the country of origin of their parents to reduce life-costs in the immigration country？ Thanks to a collection of around 30 interviews with young people between 18-24 years old and 30 interviews with both parents and social workers, the strategies which families are choosing to face economic and labour difficulties and their effects on integration paths and inter-ethnic relations will be described.

What Do Social Workers Think About Unaccompanied Foreign Minors＇ Family Fostering in Italy

In Italy, the unaccompanied foreign minors are a growing and heterogeneous group with ever changing origins, trajectories, and features. In November 2015, they were 10,952. This research focuses on their foster care and examines the point of view of social workers that have theoretical competences and fieldwork. The main objective of this paper is to present operational recommendations concerning the definition and organization of this instrument, starting from social workers＇ direct experiences. Main results： A friendly familiar setting is useful to overcome loneliness and social isolation coming from a new and unknown realiW during adolescence and permit a better social, school, and professional integration for the minor compared with residential care. For a successful outcome, the strengths consist in： The young migrant must not have behavioral nor psychiatric disorders and must be willing to integrate himself into a new family, recognize adult authoriW and share his life plan with family＇s adults; training all foster families included omo-cultural ones; the birth family involvement in the foster care＇s project. The ascertained criticalities concern on the low number of available families, the lack of standard operating procedures, guidelines, research, and literature on the topic.

Hendra Virus Re-visited

Hendra virus,a novel member of the family Paramyxovirus that has emerged from bats in Australia,causes fatal disease in livestock and humans. Eleven spillover events have been identified since the first description of the virus in 1994,resulting in a total of 37 equine cases and six human cases. All human cases have been attributed to exposure to infected horses;there is no evidence of bat-to-human or human-to-human transmission. Low infectivity and a high case fatality rate are features of Hendra virus infection in both horses and humans. The temporal pattern of spillover events suggests seasonal factors(plausibly be environmental,biological or ecological) as the proximate triggers for spillover. Minimisation of the future occurrence and impact of Hendra virus infections requires an understanding of the ecology of flying foxes,of virus infection dynamics in flying foxes,and of the factors that promote spillover. Management strategies seek to minimize the opportunity for effective contact between bats and horses,and limit potential horse-to-horse and horse-to-human transmission. Incomplete knowledge of the ecology of the virus,of the proximate factors associated with spillover,and the inherent difficulties of effectively managing wild populations,preclude a management approach targeted at bats.

Patch occupancy by the Chinese Grouse(Tetrastes sewerzowi)in a fragmented landscape

The Chinese Grouse (Tetrastes sewerzowi) is a rare, endemic bird in China, inhabiting conifer-dominated mountain forests. Both the natural fragmentation and heavy cutting of mature forests have resulted in patchy grouse habitats. We used SPOT (XS-sensor) satellite imagery to discriminate between open land and conifer or broadleaf forests. The area analyzed is about 120000 ha in size and includes the Lianhuashan Nature Reserve and the Yeliguan Forestry Park. We identiifed 4111 ha of mature coniferous forests in 229 patches (maximum 332 ha, mean 18 ha) as the habitat used by Chinese Grouse throughout the year. We examined 31 forest islands of different sizes and degrees of isolation for the presence of Chinese Grouse. We used generalized linear models (GLM) with binomial error structure and logit link function to estimate the probability of Chinese Grouse occupancy in a forest fragment. Habitat patch size (hs) and distance to the next occupied fragment (doc) were used as predictor variables, important for occupancy. Small habitat islands were disproportionately less likely to be occupied than large, nearby habitats. There was a clear speciifc habitat size of about 40 ha, above which habitat fragments were occupied more often. Suitable habitat fragments isolated by more than 2 km appeared to be inaccessible to Chinese Grouse. The results have been used in reforestation projects to establish linking corridors in the study area.

Parent vessel occlusion for traumatic pseudoaneurysm of P3 segment of posterior cerebral artery:A case report and review of literatures

Traumatic intracranial pseudoaneurysms （TIPA） are rare and pseudoaneurysm of P3 segment of the posterior cerebral artery （PCA） is extremely rarely reported. A 27-year-old man suffered from blunt head injury and underwent diagnostic procedure with head CT scans, cerebral CT angiograms （CTA） and digital subtraction angiograms （DSA）. An abnormal high-density lesion was detected at the left side of quadrigeminal cistern and a pseudoaneurysm showed at the P3 segment of PCA. The pseudoaneurysm was successfully treated with parent artery occlusion （PAO）. Making an exact preoperative diagnosis of traumatic intracranial pseudoaneurysms is of great importance. Endovascular techniques allow a safe approach to complex intracranial lesion, so endovascular management of PCA pseudoaneurysms becomes safe and effective. However, the pseudoaneurysm may not be amenable to coil placement under some conditions, thus, occlusion of the parent vessel may be a preferable treatment.

Comparative Analysis of Household Consumption Pattern of Local and Imported Rice in Ekiti State, Nigeria

The paper examined the consumption pattern and attitude of households for local and imported rice in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The specific objectives of the paper are to： examine the household preference and consumption level of local and imported rice, examine price variation between local and imported rice and identify the major problems confronting marketers of local and imported rice. Data were collected from 100 randomly chosen households with the aid of structured questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed with the use of descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentages, chi-square, t-test and regression analysis. The paper revealed among others that majority of the respondents prefer to consume local rice to imported rice because of its more palatability, health benefits, readily availability and relatively cheap price. The average price per kilogramme of local rice is 200 Naira compared to that of imported rice which is 300 Naira. The difference in price is as a result of exchange rate and costs associated with smuggling of imported rice across the border of Nigeria from neighbouring countries. Nonetheless, the quality of local rice is still very low when compared to imported rice in terms of degree of impurities such as stone and shafts and the level of polishing.

Waste Minimization Practices at the National University of Costa Rica

In order to determine the quantity of laboratories doing waste minimization practice related with the USEPA （United State Environmental Protection Agency） pollution hierarchy, an initial diagnostic about waste management at laboratories was conducted. The data gathered were used to start a training to laboratory personnel training about EPA-PH （Environmental Protection Agency-Pollution Hierarchy）. After training new diagnostics were performed. The applications of waste minimization practices in the laboratories were analyzed before and after the training. The most poorly practices performed year by year during the study period were ＂substitute nonhazardous materials＂, ＂chemical treatment＂ and ＂distillation＂. ＂Redistribute surplus chemical＂ was performed in 22 labs, 30 labs and 48 labs during years 2010, 2011 and 2013 respectively as the most common practice. This study showed that training about pollution prevention hierarchy increased the number of laboratories doing waste minimization practices, prioritizing reduction and prevention from the source.