随着红外技术的发展,探测器的尺寸、重量和功耗(SWaP)的减小已成为研究热点。像元尺寸的减小,一方面可以提高器件的分辨率,另一方面可以减小整个探测器系统的体积、重量和功耗,进而大大节约成本。因此,像元尺寸的减小成了研究的重点。...随着红外技术的发展,探测器的尺寸、重量和功耗(SWaP)的减小已成为研究热点。像元尺寸的减小,一方面可以提高器件的分辨率,另一方面可以减小整个探测器系统的体积、重量和功耗,进而大大节约成本。因此,像元尺寸的减小成了研究的重点。本文介绍了小像元红外焦平面器件的技术难点,分别从系统的调制传递函数(Modulation Transfer Function,MTF)、噪声等效温差(Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference,NETD)、像元结构和像元集成互连方面进行了讨论。此外,介绍了国外像元中心距为12μm、10μm、8μm和5μm的HgCdTe红外焦平面探测器的研究进展。展开更多
研制出一款小像元10μm中心距红外焦平面探测器CMOS(complementary metal oxide semiconductor)读出电路ROIC(read out integrated circuit)。读出电路设计包括积分后读出(integration then reading,ITR)和积分同时读出(integration whi...研制出一款小像元10μm中心距红外焦平面探测器CMOS(complementary metal oxide semiconductor)读出电路ROIC(read out integrated circuit)。读出电路设计包括积分后读出(integration then reading,ITR)和积分同时读出(integration while reading,IWR)模式,ITR模式下有2档增益,电荷满阱容量分别为4.3 Me^(−)和1.6 Me^(−),其他功能包括抗晕、串口功能控制以及全芯片电注入测试功能。读出电路采用0.18μm工艺,电源电压3.3 V,测试结果表现出良好的性能:在77 K条件下,全帧频100 Hz,读出电路噪声小于0.2 mV。本文介绍了该款读出电路设计的基本架构,分析了在小的积分电容下电路抗干扰能力的设计。在测试过程中,发现了盲元拖尾现象,分析了拖尾现象产生的原因,为解决拖尾现象设计了抗晕管栅压产生电路,最后给出了整个电路的测试结果。展开更多
The spatial distribution and species abundance of Pinus tabulaeformis and Quercus liaotungensis Koidz were analyzed with random distribution abundance model and aggregated distribution abundance model,and evaluation g...The spatial distribution and species abundance of Pinus tabulaeformis and Quercus liaotungensis Koidz were analyzed with random distribution abundance model and aggregated distribution abundance model,and evaluation goodness was evaluated based on related information of sample area at 4 hm2 in Shanxi Lingkong Mountain with altitude at 1500-1 800 m.The results showed that of the 30 xylophyta plants,abundance of 20 plants was increasing in sequence and the covered spaces extended accordingly,except of 10 plant species.As pixel area extended,curve of abundance-area tended to be volatile if area in abundance sequence was smaller than that of the front one;the curve tended to be stable if the fluctuating point was removed.For the same species,the higher pixel area is,the larger the covered area of the species in corresponding pixel would be.The results of evaluation goodness indicated that aggregated distribution model is better for prediction on relationship between abundance and area,compared with random distribution abundance model.Both of the two models rely on value of m,namely,number of covered pixel given the pixel is fixed.For the species distribute dispersedly,the prediction results would be more accurate if both of the two models are made use of,or the prediction errors would be larger.Given that the total area of sample plot is fixed,the smaller the pixel area is,the more accurate the prediction would be.展开更多
There are problems such as incomplete edges and poor noise suppression when a single fixed morphological structuring element is used to detect the edges in remote sensing images. For this reason, a morphological edge ...There are problems such as incomplete edges and poor noise suppression when a single fixed morphological structuring element is used to detect the edges in remote sensing images. For this reason, a morphological edge detection method for remote sensing image based on variable structuring element is proposed. Firstly, the structuring elements with different scales and multiple directions are constructed according to the diversity of remote sensing imagery targets. In order to suppress the noise of the target background and highlight the edge of the image target in the remote sensing image by adaptive Top hat and Bottom hat transform, the corresponding adaptive morphological operations are constructed based on variable structuring elements; Secondly, adaptive morphological edge detection is used to obtain multiple images with different scales and directional edge features; Finally, the image edges are obtained by weighted summation of each direction edge, and then the least square is used to fit the edges for accurate location of the edge contour of the target. The experimental results show that the proposed method not only can detect the complete edge of remote sensing image, but also has high edge detection accuracy and superior anti-noise performance. Compared with classical edge detection and the morphological edge detection with a fixed single structuring element, the proposed method performs better in edge detection effect, and the accuracy of detection can reach 95 %展开更多
文摘随着红外技术的发展,探测器的尺寸、重量和功耗(SWaP)的减小已成为研究热点。像元尺寸的减小,一方面可以提高器件的分辨率,另一方面可以减小整个探测器系统的体积、重量和功耗,进而大大节约成本。因此,像元尺寸的减小成了研究的重点。本文介绍了小像元红外焦平面器件的技术难点,分别从系统的调制传递函数(Modulation Transfer Function,MTF)、噪声等效温差(Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference,NETD)、像元结构和像元集成互连方面进行了讨论。此外,介绍了国外像元中心距为12μm、10μm、8μm和5μm的HgCdTe红外焦平面探测器的研究进展。
文摘研制出一款小像元10μm中心距红外焦平面探测器CMOS(complementary metal oxide semiconductor)读出电路ROIC(read out integrated circuit)。读出电路设计包括积分后读出(integration then reading,ITR)和积分同时读出(integration while reading,IWR)模式,ITR模式下有2档增益,电荷满阱容量分别为4.3 Me^(−)和1.6 Me^(−),其他功能包括抗晕、串口功能控制以及全芯片电注入测试功能。读出电路采用0.18μm工艺,电源电压3.3 V,测试结果表现出良好的性能:在77 K条件下,全帧频100 Hz,读出电路噪声小于0.2 mV。本文介绍了该款读出电路设计的基本架构,分析了在小的积分电容下电路抗干扰能力的设计。在测试过程中,发现了盲元拖尾现象,分析了拖尾现象产生的原因,为解决拖尾现象设计了抗晕管栅压产生电路,最后给出了整个电路的测试结果。
基金Supported by Monitoring Station of Lingkong Natural Reserve Forest Ecosystem~~
文摘The spatial distribution and species abundance of Pinus tabulaeformis and Quercus liaotungensis Koidz were analyzed with random distribution abundance model and aggregated distribution abundance model,and evaluation goodness was evaluated based on related information of sample area at 4 hm2 in Shanxi Lingkong Mountain with altitude at 1500-1 800 m.The results showed that of the 30 xylophyta plants,abundance of 20 plants was increasing in sequence and the covered spaces extended accordingly,except of 10 plant species.As pixel area extended,curve of abundance-area tended to be volatile if area in abundance sequence was smaller than that of the front one;the curve tended to be stable if the fluctuating point was removed.For the same species,the higher pixel area is,the larger the covered area of the species in corresponding pixel would be.The results of evaluation goodness indicated that aggregated distribution model is better for prediction on relationship between abundance and area,compared with random distribution abundance model.Both of the two models rely on value of m,namely,number of covered pixel given the pixel is fixed.For the species distribute dispersedly,the prediction results would be more accurate if both of the two models are made use of,or the prediction errors would be larger.Given that the total area of sample plot is fixed,the smaller the pixel area is,the more accurate the prediction would be.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61761027)Postgraduate Education Reform Project of Lanzhou Jiaotong University(No.1600120101)
文摘There are problems such as incomplete edges and poor noise suppression when a single fixed morphological structuring element is used to detect the edges in remote sensing images. For this reason, a morphological edge detection method for remote sensing image based on variable structuring element is proposed. Firstly, the structuring elements with different scales and multiple directions are constructed according to the diversity of remote sensing imagery targets. In order to suppress the noise of the target background and highlight the edge of the image target in the remote sensing image by adaptive Top hat and Bottom hat transform, the corresponding adaptive morphological operations are constructed based on variable structuring elements; Secondly, adaptive morphological edge detection is used to obtain multiple images with different scales and directional edge features; Finally, the image edges are obtained by weighted summation of each direction edge, and then the least square is used to fit the edges for accurate location of the edge contour of the target. The experimental results show that the proposed method not only can detect the complete edge of remote sensing image, but also has high edge detection accuracy and superior anti-noise performance. Compared with classical edge detection and the morphological edge detection with a fixed single structuring element, the proposed method performs better in edge detection effect, and the accuracy of detection can reach 95 %
