抵抗与包容——后殖民语境下“尼日尼亚四部曲”的文明冲突研究

尼日尼亚后殖民批评先驱钦努阿·阿契贝的"尼日尼亚四部曲",鲜明地呈现了以尼日尼亚为代表的非洲传统文明和以欧洲中心主义为核心的西方现代文明之间的冲突,以及由文明冲突所带来的民族危机与社会困境。在后殖民语境视角下,探究钦努阿.阿契贝对文明冲突和走出困境的思考。可以看到,他在苦苦寻找摆脱黑暗的出口之后,指出对以尼日尼亚为代表的非洲前殖民地国家来说,只有坚守本民族优良文化传统和吸收西方文明精华,才能获得民族身份认同和重塑民族形象,真正步出困境之门。

Shen Yaozhang,Never Stop Chasing Steps

China and Nigeria keep sound and solid contacts with each other since the establish- ment of Sino-Nigeria diplomatic ties 37 years ago.Nigeria,the most populous country in Africa,as an import part of Africa,invariably carries on business and cooperation with China.Not long before,Nigerian President Umaru Yar Adua paid a state visit to China at the beginning of 2008,promoting the Sino-Nigeria friendship to more intimate level At the forum of Sino-Nigeria Business Forum held by China's Council for Promoting Inter- national Trade,over 600 entrepreneurs from China and overseas including Nigeria were present,

Thermal conductivity of soils with heavy metals concentration from the Niger Delta region of Nigeria

This paper presents the characteristic thermal and chemical properties of some surface soil samples from the oil-producing regions of Nigeria. A microprocessor-based thermal analyzer was used to determine the thermal conductivity while spectrophotometric procedure was employed to conduct the heavy metal concentration analysis. Thermal conductivity values were compared with heavy metal concentrations in each soil sample. The values of lead and cadmium and their respective measured thermal conductivities were highly correlated, with their correlation coefficients both greater than 0.900, while other metals showed no correlation.

History and Evolution of Nigeria-US Military, Security, and Political Relations

This paper examines the dynamics, the politics, and the significance of the security relationship between Nigeria and the United States. Both countries, operating at different levels of military strengths, consider and regard themselves as partners who should establish some form of cooperation for defence purposes. Though the United States enjoys massive military capability advantage over Nigeria, the relationship between the two of them was meant to assist Nigeria, the weak partner, or better still, the client state, to overcome the challenge of its defence policies, and to reinforce its military infrastructure. This will be in the areas of training, technology, equipment, professional orientation, and political management. However, there seems to be lack of trust between the two of them with Nigeria becoming too sensitive and concerned about its defence infrastructural deficits, and the possibility of the United States exploiting this to its own advantage. Such worrisome suspicions are capable of tinkering with the objectives of the security arrangements between the two of them. In this kind of suspect friendship where one partner has transformed into a protector state, it became difficult for defence pacts and agreements to achieve the desired objectives. Hence, the regular collapse of such pacts and lack of definitive defence policy actions between the two countries. The findings showed that every attempt by the United States to help stabilize Nigeria’s political system and environment was seen by Nigeria as an unwarranted intervention and meddlesomeness capable of destroying the fragility of its polity as it almost did during the June 12 crisis of 1993.

The Way of Onitsha Market Literature： A Case for Proper Archiving of Nollywood Video Films

In contemporary times, many Nigerians, and indeed Africans, go through huddles to behold some of their most cherished artifacts in foreign lands. Such artifacts were taken away by the colonial masters during their various conquests of ancient African kingdoms. In the modern days as well, such trips are made to other countries by Nigerians and Africans to research into some popular arts and amusements lost as a result of neglect. One of such lost is the popular form of literature that once existed in the eastern part of Nigeria--the Onitsha Market Literature. Using evidences from secondary research materials, this paper discusses the re-occurrence of this silly history of neglecting the production and consumption of popular culture in Nigerian and indeed Africa. Using the Nigerian video film industry, Nollywood, as a case study, a case is here made for the proper archiving of these video films for future generations. It is observed that just few decades of video film production in Nigeria, virtually all the pioneer films cannot be found anywhere in the country. Such films must be needed in future for research purposes as the foundations upon which other great films of the future will base. The work therefore concludes with the obvious recommendation that genuine efforts, will, and finances be committed to proper archiving of legally approved Nollywood films. This will engender the sentiment central to film archiving and drastically reduce the problems that may confront the future generation as regards research in the Nigeria video film culture, Nollywood.

Determinants of Adoption of Agricultural Extension of Green River Project among Rural Households of Niger Delta, Nigeria

This study analyzed the determinants of adoption of agricultural extension of Green River Project among rural households of Niger Delta, Nigeria. Questionnaire, which was randomly distributed, was used for data collection from 270 direct beneficiaries of the project. Frequency, percentage and multiple regression were used for data analyses. For the beneficiaries, the results indicated a mean age of 48 years, 9 years of formal education, annual net farm income of N115, 681.48 and 2.8 times of monthly contact with Project Extension Officers. The mean adoption status of the project was 56.6%. The relationship between socio-economic characteristics of beneficiaries and adoption status gave an R2 of 0.668. Age, education, farming, experience, farm income and extension contact were significant determinants of adoption. The study recommends improvement in formal education, farm income, extension contact and inclusion of younger farmers as beneficiaries to enhance adoption status.

Environmental Degradation Resulting from Oil Exploitation, and Population Displacement in the NigerDelta, Nigeria

Oil and gas exploration in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria began some fifty four （54） years ago. Since the early sixties till now, oil from this region of the Nigeria has been the major foreign exchange earner for the sustenance of the economy. Unfortunate to note is the fact that since oil exploration and exploitation began in the country in the Niger Delta, the region had not been at peace. The region had suffered all forms of environmental degradation resulting from crude oil spillage and gas flares. The peoples＇ source of livelihood has been destabilized thereby leading to high rate of poverty, social crises/conflict and involuntary migration of people for both security and succour. The people of the region are thus in severe pains and risk of extermination should the present trend of environmental degradation and negligence persist. Thus, this paper addresses the plight of the Niger Delta as a case study of the effect of environmental degradation on human vulnerability. It is believed that continuous existence of the Niger Delta people as a social sect is dependent on how prompt efforts are made to combat the environment nuisance in the region.

Analysis of long-term dependence phenomenon in Benue River flow process and its hypothesis testing

In this paper, the long-term dependence phenomenon （the Hurst Effect） which characterizes hydrological and other geophysical times series is studied. The long-term memory is analysed for both daily and monthly streamflow series of the Benue River at Makurdi, Nigeria by using heuristic methods and testing specifically the null hypothesis of short-term memory in the monthly flow series. Results obtained by applying heuristic procedures indicated that there may be the presence of long-term memory component in mean daily flow series but there is no discernible reason to suspect the presence in both average monthly and maximum monthly flow series （extreme event）. Hypothesis testing was conducted by using original and modified versions of rescaled range statistic. When the modified rescaled range, which accounts for short-term memory in the series, is used, the null hypothesis is accepted for both the average monthly and maximum monthly flow series, indicating little or no probable presence of long-term memory in the series. An identical conclusion is also arrived at when second null hypothesis for independence of the monthly flow series is tested. Therefore, apart from the mean daily flow series, there is little evidence of long-term dependence in the Benue River streamflow series at Makurdi. However, considering the limited length of data used, the results are inconclusive.

Problems Accentuating Effective Sports Development among Youths in the Niger-Delta Region of Nigeria

This study assessed some problems affecting sports development among youths in the Niger-Delta region of Nigeria. Survey design was utilized for this study： The population comprised of youths in the Niger-Delta region. Samples of 200 youths were studied. Four hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. Data were collated using a structured validated and reliability certified questionnaire. Data generated revealed that poor funding, mode of organization, poor incentives and parental approach have significant influence with sports development among youths in the Niger-Delta region of Nigeria. Some recommendations made include： the need for the government to increase the budgetary allocations for sports in the region, provision of adequate sports facilities and equipment and of course making physical education and sports as a compulsory subject in the school curriculum for primary and secondary schools in the region.

Students＇ Motivation to Study Accounting Subjects： Difference Between Japan and Indonesia

This study investigates the differences between Japanese and Indonesian students＇ motivation to study accounting subjects. In addition, it examines the factors that can significantly influence students＇ motivation to study accounting subjects. Needless to say, the expansion of International Financial Reporting Standards （IFRS） depends on the quality of education in higher academic institutions. For several academic institutions, it is clear that the topic of students＇ motivation is still a meaningful concern, because the improvement of students＇ motivation and ability would enhance these institutions＇ academic performance in a competitive environment. In this study, the authors developed the theoretical model for students＇ motivation to study accounting subjects. This research showed that self-efficacy, accounting self-concept, mastery goals＇ perception, performance goals＇ perception, and social goals＇ perception had a significant influence on students＇ motivation to study accounting subjects. Furthermore, nationality had an impact on students＇ motivation. Japanese students are more motivated to study accounting subjects than Indonesian students. Another result clarified that goals＇ perception influences the relationship among self-efficacy, accounting self-concept, and students＇ motivation.

吸水链霉菌抗金黄色葡萄球菌代谢产物(英文)

通过活性跟踪,从吸水链霉菌1.358(Streptomyces hygroscopicus 1.358)发酵液的乙酸乙酯萃取物中分离得到3个化合物(1～3).利用波谱技术,这些化合物分别鉴定为抗生素RK955A(1)、尼日尼亚菌素(2)和阿扎霉素(3).化合物1～3具有显著的抗金黄色葡萄球菌活性.

Some Theories and Concepts of Intergroup and Conflict Relations in the Western Niger Delta of Nigeria

Intergroup conflicts occupy a special place in the interaction of social groups and of necessity form the basic building blocks for the integration of previously fragmented groups. The Western Niger delta obviously has since been a theatre of socio-political conflicts. Viewed from the contemporary clime, there is a lacuna in the formulation of theories and concepts in understanding and explaining the nature and pattern of intergroup relations in the region from the pre-colonial period. This work therefore attempts an exploratory analysis of some theories and concepts of intergroup relations in the Western Niger Delta of Nigeria using the historical approach with the use of secondary source materials. The paper concludes that the relation among the diverse ethnic groups in Nigeria, especially the Western Niger Delta, may not have been as intense, or as hostile as it has become since the attainment of independence in 1960. This paper no doubt is essential for the understanding and tackling of the problem of intergroup relations and conflict in the region in particular and Nigeria at large.