状态性平和亦或是倾向性平和?平和的概念、测量与文化差异

加强社会心理服务体系建设,培育平和与理性等积极的社会心态,需要深入研究心理学视角下的平和。对状态性平和与倾向性平和进行区分,可以更好地理解平和。状态性平和研究与平和直接相关的情绪和心境范畴,即东方文化强调的安适恬淡和平静心境。西方文化语境下,平和主要涉及的是倾向性平和,描述其跨时空稳定的倾向,强调平和的超越性、不被偏差影响的内在中立性以及非暴力性的人格。西方平和仅仅强调平静,东方平和还强调和谐。目前,倾向性平和尚未作为独立概念进入心理学研究领域,这正是中国特色心理学的研究方向。未来,应确定倾向性平和的概念和结构、开发倾向性平和的测量工具并且开展倾向性平和的本土化和跨文化研究。

论儿童文学的神性

儿童文学具有泛灵性、神秘性和平和性,从而构成其独特的"神性",这在整个人类文化范畴中有着重要的意义和价值。

超越文明的冲突──伊斯兰教辨析

文明的冲突不是必然要发生的。其实，被亨廷顿一度视作对以基督教为基础的西方文明形成挑战的伊斯兰教，与犹太教和基督教本同属西方所称的“亚伯拉罕宗教”；犹太教、基督教和伊斯兰教有着很深的渊源。伊斯兰教以其平和性、实践性和无原罪说等特征对世界文明和思想作出了独特的贡献。即使象伊斯兰教中的“吉哈德”和妇女地位等问题也存在着进一步理清的余地。只要努力相互理解和尊重，人们是可以跨过文化的鸿沟的。

盗窃罪与抢夺罪的再界分——以对“盗窃”的解释为中心

盗窃罪与抢夺罪的界分实际是刑法解释问题,应回归至解释论予以解决。"盗窃"的解释结论可成为两罪的界分依据。解释方法的位阶决定了形式解释具有优先适用性,实质解释具有限定适用性。通过文义解释和比较解释,发现"盗窃"包含"公开性"和"秘密性"的背反含义。此路径无法得出可靠结论,需进行实质解释。通过目的解释和体系解释,发现"平和性"是"盗窃"的特有含义,应成为界分盗窃罪与抢夺罪的最佳标准。该标准不会降低民众对刑法的认同,反而会增加民众对刑法的信任。

民事诉讼中恶意调解分析与防范

诉讼调解的过程和结果具有互利性与平和性,能够减轻当事人诉累、节约司法资源,促进民事关系的和谐发展。但在司法实践中,有利用诉讼进行恶意调解获取非法利益的现象。目前,该种诉讼行为已引起我国司法界的关注,但相关的研究及立法滞后,实务中对恶意调解如何防范及处罚更是无所适从、莫衷一是。英美法系中,恶意调解被认为是民事侵权的一种。

New atom movement mechanism for tracking path on disordering AuCuI(A_8^(Au)A_4^(Cu)) compound

Taking experimental path on disordering AuCuI（AAuCu8A4）composed of A Au8 and ACu4 stem alloy genes as an example, three discoveries and a method were presented. The ability of Au Cu I（AAu Cu8 A4）to keep structure stabilization against changing temperature is attributed to the fact that the AAu8 and ACu4 potential well depths greatly surpass their vibration energies, which leads to the subequilibrium of experimental path. A new atom movement mechanism of AuCuI（AAuACu84）to change structure for suiting variation in temperature is the resonance activating-synchro alternating of alloy genes, which leads to heterogeneous and successive subequilibrium transitions. There exists jumping order degree, which leads to the existence of jumping Tj-temperature and an unexpected so-called ＂retro-effect＂ about jumping temperature retrograde shift to lower temperatures upon the increasing heating rate. A set of subequilibrium holographic network path charts were obtained by the experimental mixed enthalpy path method.

Estimation of Design Sea Ice Thickness with Maximum Entropy Distribution by Particle Swarm Optimization Method

The maximum entropy distribution, which consists of various recognized theoretical distributions, is a better curve to estimate the design thickness of sea ice. Method of moment and empirical curve fitting method are common-used parameter estimation methods for maximum entropy distribution. In this study, we propose to use the particle swarm optimization method as a new parameter estimation method for the maximum entropy distribution, which has the advantage to avoid deviation introduced by simplifications made in other methods. We conducted a case study to fit the hindcasted thickness of the sea ice in the Liaodong Bay of Bohai Sea using these three parameter-estimation methods for the maximum entropy distribution. All methods implemented in this study pass the K-S tests at 0.05 significant level. In terms of the average sum of deviation squares, the empirical curve fitting method provides the best fit for the original data, while the method of moment provides the worst. Among all three methods, the particle swarm optimization method predicts the largest thickness of the sea ice for a same return period. As a result, we recommend using the particle swarm optimization method for the maximum entropy distribution for offshore structures mainly influenced by the sea ice in winter, but using the empirical curve fitting method to reduce the cost in the design of temporary and economic buildings.

Shear creep characteristics and constitutive model of limestone

The characters of limestone in weak interlayer of a high rocky slope in Xuzhou, China, are studied by shear static test and shear creep test. The results show that limestone specimens have attenuation creep properties and constant rate creep properties, almost have no accelerated creep properties. The exponential type empirical formula is selected to fit creep grading curves by polynomial regression analysis method, and the square sums of the fitting results residual are in the order of 10^(-7). Then grade creep curves at every shear loads are set up. Combining creep rate-time curve, the creep properties of limestone are analyzed. As the physical meaning of component model is clearer, the Poytin–Thomson model is set up. Through the least square method, the optimal parameters of Poytin–Thomson model are obtained,and the sums of squared residuals belong to 10^(-3)order of magnitude, which can meet the accuracy requirements of engineering calculation. So the Poytin–Thomson model can reflect the shear creep characteristics of limestone very well.

On New Missions of the Belt and Road Initiative

The Belt and Road Initiative is in line with international principles of peace, development, cooperation and mutual benefit, and aims to promote the world economy. It shoulders three missions: to continue creating global development dividends, to global economic transformation, and to promote world peace and stability. It is a way for China to build a community of shared interests and a better future for humanity.

Interactions Mode of Amphoteric Molecules with Ordered Phospholipid Membrane

Aim To explore interaction mode between amphoteric molecules with the orderedphospholipid membrane. Methods Membrane interactions were determined by immobilized artificialmembrane (IAM) chromatography and solutes' hydrophobicity was measured by n-octanol/buffer system.Results The ampholytes, similar to bases, generally exhibited higher membrane affinity than expectedfrom their hydrophobicity, resulting from the attractive polar interaction with phospholipidmembrane. Furthermore, the strength of additional polar interaction with membrane (Δlg k_(IAM)) wasthen calculated. The Δlg k_(IAM) values were far greater for bases and ampholytes ranging from0.50 - 1.39, than those for acids and neutrals with the scope from - 0.55 - 0.44. ConclusionConsidering the microspecies distribution of amphoteric molecules, it was assumed that not onlyneutral and positive but also zwitterionic microspecies are capable of partitioning into orderedamphoteric lipid membrane with complementarily conformational and energetically favorableinteractions.

Robust Model Predictive Controller Design： Finite and Infinite Horizon

This paper addresses to the problem of designing, modeling and practical realization of robust model predictive control for finite and infinite prediction horizon which ensures a parameter dependent quadratic stability and guaranteed cost for linear polytopic uncertain systems. The model predictive controller design procedure based on BMI and LMI is reduced to off-line output feedback gain calculation. A numerical examples and an application to a real process is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

盗窃罪窃取方式新解读

传统通说认为盗窃罪窃取方式是秘密窃取,但是随着公开窃取方式的出现,主张将盗窃罪窃取方式扩大至公然窃取的观点不断占据重要地位,公然窃取方式的引入更有利于盗窃罪定罪标准的明确化,也更利于通说理论的继续发展。当然,为了更好地适用窃取方式,我们在将窃取方式扩充为公然的同时,也要对盗窃罪窃取方式的"平和性"和"公然性"进行合理的定性,并且针对不同的盗窃类型对"公然"进行形式划分。

The mean value involving Dedekind sums and two-term exponential sums

In this paper,we use the analytic methods to study the mean value properties involving the classical Dedekind sums and two-term exponential sums,and give two sharper asymptotic formulae for it.

Nd^(3+) doped fluorochlorozirconate glass: 3.9 μm MIR emission properties and energy transfer

The Nd^(3+) doped fluorochlorozirconate(FCZ) glass was prepared by melt-quenching method. The 3.9 μm emission from Nd^(3+) ions is attributed to the two-photon absorption process. The strong emission transition at 3.9 μm fluorescence peak intensity, corresponding to the ~4G_(11/2)→~2K_(13/2) transition, is directly proportional to the NaCl concentration. With the increase of the Cl-ions amount, the mid-infrared(MIR) luminescent intensity is significantly enhanced. Additionally, the Judd-Ofelt(J-O) parameter ?_2 is larger than that of the fluorozirconate(FZ) glass, which indicates the covalency of the bond between RE ions and ligand is stronger as Cl-ions substitution of F-ions in chloride FZ glass. The X-ray diffraction(XRD) patterns show that the amorphous glassy state keeps the FZ glass network structure. In brief, the advantageous spectroscopic characteristics make the Nd^(3+)-doped FCZ glass be a promising candidate for application of 3.9 μm emission.

Propagation of plane wave in non-homogeneously saturated soils

Based on Biot's model for fluid-saturated media,which takes the inertial,fluid viscous,mechanical couplings,compressibility of grains and fluid into account,the dispersion equations of plane waves in non-homogeneously saturated soil are established by using reverberation ray matrix method(RRMM) with the aid of Helmholtz theorem.The non-homogeneity considered is a gradient variation in material properties with depth.The propagation characteristic of elastic waves in non-homogeneously saturated soil is analyzed by numerical example in this paper.The results show that the wave number and dissipation change little for two kinds of compression along the variation direction of the material properties,however,the non-homogeneity has significant effect on the wave number and dissipation of shear wave.

Nonlinear Saturation Amplitude in Classical Planar Richtmyer–Meshkov Instability

The classical planar Richtmyer–Meshkov instability(RMI) at a fluid interface supported by a constant pressure is investigated by a formal perturbation expansion up to the third order,and then according to definition of nonlinear saturation amplitude(NSA) in Rayleigh–Taylor instability(RTI),the NSA in planar RMI is obtained explicitly.It is found that the NSA in planar RMI is affected by the initial perturbation wavelength and the initial amplitude of the interface,while the effect of the initial amplitude of the interface on the NSA is less than that of the initial perturbation wavelength.Without marginal influence of the initial amplitude,the NSA increases linearly with wavelength.The NSA normalized by the wavelength in planar RMI is about 0.11,larger than that corresponding to RTI.

Interest Similarity and Cross-Strait Peace

Studies in this article support the peace-building effects of interest similarity, and we have to re-evaluate the current world peace through a new lens of interest. Previous research has informed us that states with similar security and/or economic interests will experience fewer conflict onsets. This study begins with research treating interest similarity as a ＂facilitating condition for conflict,＂ and argues that in addition to security interest, capitalist economic policies that lead to the deeper integration of an economy into international markets should be considered one of the ultimate driving forces of peace. By discussing a brief description of bilateral peace in the China-Taiwan dyad, this article concludes that the China- Taiwan dyad has less possibility of encountering military conflict if both governments can maintain similarity in their security interests. Moreover, the author distinguishes different models in capitalist peace theory, which include the free-market and the social-market. Accordingly, this article examines three different prestigious capitalist models： trade, capital openness, and contract-intensive economy as social- market theory. The results suggest that the China-Taiwan case is an appropriate case for the trade （Weede, Economic development, social order, and world politics, 1996） and capital openness models （Gartzke, Am J Polit Sci 51（1）： 166-191, 2007）. Future studies need to be more aware of the model chosen for capitalist peace on cross-Strait relations.

Unraveling the roles of mesoporous TiO2 framework in CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells

Both of planar and mesoporous architectures prevail for perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,it is still an open question how the architecture affects the performance of PSCs.The inconsistent results in the references often create confusion.In particular,the specific roles of mesoporous frameworks are yet to be well elaborated and require further clarification.In this study,we carefully compared the properties of perovskite films and the device performances for both architectures to unravel the roles of mesoporous TiO2 framworks in CH3NH3PbI3 PSCs.The detailed characterizations of structural,microscopic,optical and electrical properties revealed that the presence of mesoporous TiO2 framework contributed to enlarged perovskite crystal sizes,enhanced light harvesting,efficient electron extration and suppressed charge recombination.As a result,compared with the planar device,the mesoporous device yielded an improved power conversion efficiency of 18.18%,coupled with a reduced hystersis.This study reveals the benefits of mesoporous TiO2 framework in PSCs and provides the guidance for the design and optimization of architectures for high-performance devices.