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R744超临界热泵开水机的结构与性能研究
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作者 文鑫 谢继红 +2 位作者 宋鑫宇 刘明权 陈雨 《轻工机械》 CAS 2024年第2期81-85,共5页
针对电热开水机耗电量较大的问题,课题组对基于R744(二氧化碳)工质的超临界热泵开水机进行结构和性能研究。分别针对25℃以上的高温环境、5~25℃的中温环境和-25~5℃的低温环境,给出R744超临界热泵开水机的适宜结构和较佳运行参数;当环... 针对电热开水机耗电量较大的问题,课题组对基于R744(二氧化碳)工质的超临界热泵开水机进行结构和性能研究。分别针对25℃以上的高温环境、5~25℃的中温环境和-25~5℃的低温环境,给出R744超临界热泵开水机的适宜结构和较佳运行参数;当环境温度高于25℃时,提出采用带预热器的单级压缩结构;当环境温度在5~25℃时,提出采用不带预热器的单级压缩结构;当环境温度低于5℃时,提出采用带级间冷却器的双级压缩结构;计算分析了不同环境温度时系统的耗电量、加热器内的热泵工质与水之间的传热温差分布。应用R744超临界高温热泵模拟软件SCHPSim分析表明:当环境温度分别为30,15和-10℃时,在对应适宜结构的R744超临界热泵开水机情况下,与电热开水机的耗电量比约为1.0∶4.1,1.0∶3.7和1.0∶2.0,具有显著的节能优势,且加热器内R744与水的最小传热温差都在4℃以上,可以保证较高的传热速率。 展开更多
关键词 开水机 热泵 超临界 R744工质 SCHPSim模拟软件
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R23超临界热泵开水机的结构与性能研究
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作者 宋鑫宇 谢继红 +2 位作者 郭子瑞 刘明权 文鑫 《制冷与空调(四川)》 2024年第2期237-241,共5页
针对电热开水机耗电多、R744(二氧化碳)超临界热泵开水机工作压力高等问题,对R23超临界热泵开水机的结构和性能进行了研究;以环境空气温度0℃、冷水温度15℃、开水温度100℃、开水产率130L/h(0.036kg/s)为背景,R23超临界热泵开水机采用... 针对电热开水机耗电多、R744(二氧化碳)超临界热泵开水机工作压力高等问题,对R23超临界热泵开水机的结构和性能进行了研究;以环境空气温度0℃、冷水温度15℃、开水温度100℃、开水产率130L/h(0.036kg/s)为背景,R23超临界热泵开水机采用单级压缩循环即可满足要求,工作压力仅需10.0MPa,加热器内热泵工质与水的最小传热温差可在5℃以上,制热系数可达2.68,耗电功率约为电热开水机的37%;上述条件下采用R744作为超临界热泵开水机工质时,制热系数与R23超临界热泵开水机相近,但需要采用带级间冷却的两级压缩循环,且工作压力需14.0MPa;综上,R23超临界热泵开水机比电热开水机可大幅度降低耗电量,且工作压力和系统复杂性显著低于R744超临界热泵开水机,具有较好的应用优势。 展开更多
关键词 开水机 热泵 超临界 R23 节能
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空气源热泵开水机的节能研究 被引量:1
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作者 梁梦宽 邱社明 +1 位作者 史维秀 于志超 《天津建设科技》 2010年第4期1-3,共3页
文章将空气源热泵应用于开水机中并制作了试验机组进行相关试验。研究结果表明:水容量为120L的水箱,使用制热量为3235W、制冷剂为ZHR02的热泵机组,冬季机组制备55℃的热水、其他季节制备热水温度为65℃,然后采用电加热比较合理。此时年... 文章将空气源热泵应用于开水机中并制作了试验机组进行相关试验。研究结果表明:水容量为120L的水箱,使用制热量为3235W、制冷剂为ZHR02的热泵机组,冬季机组制备55℃的热水、其他季节制备热水温度为65℃,然后采用电加热比较合理。此时年综合节能率为25.2%,效果显著。 展开更多
关键词 空气源热泵 开水机 节能
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开水机检验标准及开水机改进过程中的问题探析 被引量:1
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作者 程民泽 《轻工标准与质量》 2018年第1期72-74,共3页
主要介绍了当前开水机的检验标准,分析了开水机检验过程中的相关问题,并提出进一步提高开水机质量的改进建议。
关键词 开水机 检验标准 问题 改进
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基于单片机的自适应电开水机设计 被引量:1
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作者 陈治权 楼勇 王楠 《电子技术(上海)》 2011年第7期23-23,17,共2页
本电开水机采用自适应的方式,模拟人工总结用户的用水规律,合理确定烧水时间与烧水量,在非用水时间段停止加热,解决了混合水和干滚水的问题,较好的达到了健康与节能的双重效果。
关键词 自适应 电路设计 开水机 单片
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某校直饮机和开水机水质卫生状况及影响因素研究
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作者 林麒 林坚 +1 位作者 李宏 何泉燕 《海峡预防医学杂志》 CAS 2022年第5期49-51,共3页
目的调查高校直饮机和开水机水质的卫生状况及影响因素,为科学饮水提供依据。方法2021年12月至2022年4月,采集某高校直饮机和开水机水样,按国家标准测定部分一般化学性指标、毒理指标和微生物指标,现场调查饮水设备卫生,并进行统计分析... 目的调查高校直饮机和开水机水质的卫生状况及影响因素,为科学饮水提供依据。方法2021年12月至2022年4月,采集某高校直饮机和开水机水样,按国家标准测定部分一般化学性指标、毒理指标和微生物指标,现场调查饮水设备卫生,并进行统计分析。结果本次共调查饮水设备43台,采集水样41份。所有水样的部分感官性状和一般化学指标、毒理指标等均符合GB 5749-2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》限量;直饮机水样中砷(As)和铅(Pb)含量均<开水机;温水样菌落总数超标率34.6%(9/26),铜绿假单胞菌检出率30.7%(8/26);直饮机温水样铜绿假单胞菌检出率高于开水机温水样(χ^(2)=11.556,P<0.05);尚未发现周围环境因素对水样微生物检出率与超标率的影响。结论直饮机可提高饮水品质,但饮水设备温水口微生物污染,特别是铜绿假单胞菌的污染值得关注,应加大师生对直饮水科学饮用的科普宣传,尽量取开水饮用,以保证饮水安全。 展开更多
关键词 饮水卫生 直饮 开水机 铜绿假单胞菌 饮水安全 学校卫生
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新型开水/温开水两用饮水机的研究与设计 被引量:1
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作者 罗学礼 《电器》 2011年第S1期399-404,共6页
这种节能、环保、健康、安全型开水/温开水两用饮水机,主要包括加热内胆、通过开水管道与该加热内胆连通的水龙头,以及主控制器、柔性热交换器。开水/温开水两用饮水机采用双层保温结构,有效解决了饮水机热能储存、回用、二次污染难题,... 这种节能、环保、健康、安全型开水/温开水两用饮水机,主要包括加热内胆、通过开水管道与该加热内胆连通的水龙头,以及主控制器、柔性热交换器。开水/温开水两用饮水机采用双层保温结构,有效解决了饮水机热能储存、回用、二次污染难题,使加热内胆中水的加热速度更快且保温效果更好,节能效果显著。与此同时,采用双重压力监控和三重加热保护能进一步提高饮水机运行时的安全、稳定性能,而开水锁则确保儿童取水时的安全,避免儿童被开水烫伤。 展开更多
关键词 开水/温开水饮水 柔性热交换器 双层保温
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开水煲测漏机底座有限元分析
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作者 孔佳利 《自动化应用》 2020年第5期148-150,共3页
开水煲测漏机底座是应用在一款使用外封闭法真空设计及橡胶膨胀包裹设计进行检测的双工位开水煲测漏机上的一个零件。通过UG NX 6.0三维绘图软件建立实体模型,导入ANSYS中进行静力学分析与模态分析,并对开水煲测漏机的底座进行了有限元... 开水煲测漏机底座是应用在一款使用外封闭法真空设计及橡胶膨胀包裹设计进行检测的双工位开水煲测漏机上的一个零件。通过UG NX 6.0三维绘图软件建立实体模型,导入ANSYS中进行静力学分析与模态分析,并对开水煲测漏机的底座进行了有限元分析。结果表明,开水煲测漏机底座结构设计合理,满足强度使用要求。 展开更多
关键词 ANSYS 开水煲测漏底座 静力学分析 模态分析
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热力直饮机的概念、原理和应用
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作者 侴乔力 金从卓 束鹏程 《科技资讯》 2011年第24期9-11,共3页
本文提出一种热力直饮机,上水加热到90℃杀菌而成为饮水后,再通过5℃小温差换热所形成的闭路热焓循环,回收92%的饮水显热,制取仅比上水高5℃的热力直饮水,以实现增加产量、减少能耗、富含氧气的热力直饮机功能,倡导"绿色直饮"... 本文提出一种热力直饮机,上水加热到90℃杀菌而成为饮水后,再通过5℃小温差换热所形成的闭路热焓循环,回收92%的饮水显热,制取仅比上水高5℃的热力直饮水,以实现增加产量、减少能耗、富含氧气的热力直饮机功能,倡导"绿色直饮"生活方式。 展开更多
关键词 热力直饮 开水机 热回收 闭路热焓循环
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岭南全自动型饮水机的控制原理
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作者 邓力 《家电维修》 1999年第11期31-31,共1页
关键词 饮水 控制原理 全自动饮水 电热开水机
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黄岩区行政大楼直饮水系统及其故障处理
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作者 章颂江 王金妙 《浙江建筑》 2003年第S1期75-,共1页
介绍了黄岩区行政大楼直饮水系统的特点及运行情况,分析了开水机溢水的原因,井提出若干针对性措施。
关键词 直饮水系统 开水机 溢水 提高水的电导率
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Theoretical and experimental study of initial cracking mechanism of an expansive soil due to moisture-change 被引量:11
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作者 吴珺华 袁俊平 吴宏伟 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS 2012年第5期1437-1446,共10页
Swelling and shrinkage due to moisture-change is one of the characteristics of the expansive soil,which is similar to the behavior of most materials under thermal effect,If the deformation is restricted,stress in expa... Swelling and shrinkage due to moisture-change is one of the characteristics of the expansive soil,which is similar to the behavior of most materials under thermal effect,If the deformation is restricted,stress in expansive soil is caused by the swell-shrinking.The stress is defined as "moisture-change stress" and is adopted to analyze swell-shrinkage deformation based on the elasticity mechanics theory.The state when the total stress becomes equal to the soil tensile strength is considered as the cracking criterion as moisture-change increases.Then,the initial cracking mechanism due to evaporation is revealed as follows:Different rates of moisture loss at different depths result in greater shrinkage deformation on the surface while there is smaller shrinkage deformation at the underlayer in expansive soil;cracks will grow when the nonuniform shrinkage deformation increases to a certain degree.A theoretical model is established,which may be used to calculate the stress caused by moisture-change.The depth of initial cracks growing is predicted by the proposed model in expansive soil,A series of laboratory tests are carried out by exposing expansive soil samples with different moisture-changes.The process of crack propagation is investigated by resistivity method.The test results show good consistency with the predicted results by the proposed theoretical model. 展开更多
关键词 expansive soil swell-shrinking deformation moisture-change CRACK RESISTIVITY
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Lake Mead Intake No. 3 被引量:2
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作者 Jon Hurt Claudio Cimiotti 《Engineering》 SCIE EI 2017年第6期880-887,共8页
As a result of a sustained drought in the Southwestern United States, and in order to maintain existing water capacity in the Las Vegas Valley, the Southern Nevada Water Authority constructed a new deep- water intake ... As a result of a sustained drought in the Southwestern United States, and in order to maintain existing water capacity in the Las Vegas Valley, the Southern Nevada Water Authority constructed a new deep- water intake (Intake No. 3) located in Lake Mead. The project included a 185 m deep shaft, 4.7 km tunnel under very difficult geological conditions, and marine works for a submerged intake. This paper presents the experience that was gained during the design and construction and the innovative solutions that were developed to handle the difficult conditions that were encountered during tunneling with a dual- mode slurry tunnel-boring machine (TBM) in up to 15 bar (l bar = l0s Pa) pressure. Specific attention is given to the main challenges that were overcome during the TBM excavation, which included the mode of operation, face support pressures, pre-excavation grouting, and maintenance; to the construction of the intake, which involved deep underwater shaft excavation with blasting using shaped charges; to the construction of the innovative over 1200 t concrete-and-steel intake structure; to the placement of the intake structure in the underwater shaft; and to the docking and connection to an intake tunnel excavated by hybrid TBM. 展开更多
关键词 Sub-aqueous tunneling Tunnel-boring machine excavation Water intakes
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Numerical simulation on fault water-inrush based on fluid-solid coupling theory 被引量:3
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作者 HUANG Han-fu MAO Xian-biao +1 位作者 YAO Bang-hua PU Hai 《Journal of Coal Science & Engineering(China)》 2012年第3期291-296,共6页
About 75% water-inrush accidents in China are caused by geological structure such as faults, therefore, it is necessary to investigate the water-inrush mechanism of faults to provide references for the mining activity... About 75% water-inrush accidents in China are caused by geological structure such as faults, therefore, it is necessary to investigate the water-inrush mechanism of faults to provide references for the mining activity above confined water. In this paper, based on the fluid-solid coupling theory, we built the stress-seepage coupling model for rock, then we combined with an example of water-inrush caused by fault, studied the water-inrush mechanism by using the numerical software COMSOL Mutiphysics, analyzed the change rule of shear stress, vertical stress, plastic area and water pressure for stope with a fault, and estimated the water-inrush risk at the different distances between working faces and the fault. The numerical simula- tion results indicate that: (1) the water-inrush risk will grow as the decrease of the distance between working face and the fault; (2) the failure mode of the rock in floor with fault is shear failure; (3) the rock between water-containing fault and working face failure is the reason for water-inrush. 展开更多
关键词 FAULT fluid-solid coupling water inrush numerical simulation
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The construction management system and practice of Three Gorges Project 被引量:1
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作者 Cao Guangjing 《Engineering Sciences》 EI 2011年第3期31-36,共6页
Three Gorges Project (TGP),the largest water resources and hydropower project in the world with huge scale and complex techniques,has great comprehensive benefits mainly in flood control,power generation and navigatio... Three Gorges Project (TGP),the largest water resources and hydropower project in the world with huge scale and complex techniques,has great comprehensive benefits mainly in flood control,power generation and navigation improvement.Through 17-year construction and practice,the project has been successfully completed.Some valuable experience from the successful construction of TGP has been gained for the management system and mechanism of hydropower project construction in China.Its construction management mode produces important influences on the management system of domestic capital construction.With combination of the construction management practice of TGP,the characteristics of management system and mechanism are summarized,and the suggestions on current hydropower development system and construction management mode are put forward. 展开更多
关键词 Three Gorges Project(TGP) construction management water resources and hvdropower project
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Mechanized Tunneling in Soft Soils: Choice of Excavation Mode and Application of Soil-Conditioning Additives in Glacial Deposits 被引量:5
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作者 Roll Zumsteg Lars Langmaack 《Engineering》 SCIE EI 2017年第6期863-870,共8页
The history of the formation of the alpine region is affected by the activities of the glaciers, which have a strong influence on underground works in this area. Mechanized tunneling must adapt to the presence of soun... The history of the formation of the alpine region is affected by the activities of the glaciers, which have a strong influence on underground works in this area. Mechanized tunneling must adapt to the presence of sound and altered rock, as well as to inhomogeneous soil layers that range from permeable gravel to soft clay sediments along the same tunnel. This article focuses on past experiences with tunnel-boring machines (TBMs) in Switzerland, and specifically on the aspects of soil conditioning during a passage through inhomogeneous soft soils. Most tunnels in the past were drilled using the slurry mode (SM), in which the application of different additives was mainly limited to difficult zones of high permeability and stoppages for tool change and modification. For drillings with the less common earth pressure balanced mode (EPBM), continuous foam conditioning and the additional use of polymer and bentonite have proven to be successful. The use of conditioning additives led to new challenges during separation of the slurries (for SM) and disposal of the excavated soil (for EPBM). If the disposal of chemically treated soft soil mate- rial from the earth pressure balanced (EPB) drive in a manner that is compliant with environmental legislation is considered early on in the design and evaluation of the excavation mode, the EPBM can be beneficial for tunnels bored in glacial deposits. 展开更多
关键词 Soil conditioning Earth pressure balanced shield Slurry shield Mechanized tunneling
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Forecasting of destroyed height of overlying rock with the top coal caving based on ANN
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作者 陈佩佩 《Journal of Coal Science & Engineering(China)》 2008年第2期190-194,共5页
Analyzed the rule of the Water Flowing Fractured (WFF) zone's development during the fully mechanized top coal caving.Six influence factors of WFF's height were selected,viz.mining thickness,base rock thicknes... Analyzed the rule of the Water Flowing Fractured (WFF) zone's development during the fully mechanized top coal caving.Six influence factors of WFF's height were selected,viz.mining thickness,base rock thickness,dip angle,uniaxial compressing strength of roof,mudstone proportion in overlying rock,and structure of overlying rock. The height-forecasting model of WFF was established based on the Artificial Neural Net-work techniques,and was applied in the first fully mechanized top coal caving face under sea in China. 展开更多
关键词 fully mechanized top coal caving artificial neural network water flowing fractured zone
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Research and development on cutting scale machine in the coal mine shaft
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作者 任保才 《Journal of Coal Science & Engineering(China)》 2004年第1期78-82,共5页
The deposit scale in the coal mine shaft usually causes serious accidents, such as making rope broken, cage seized or dropped. To solve this kind of problems, the re-search of the cutting scale mechanism was made, and... The deposit scale in the coal mine shaft usually causes serious accidents, such as making rope broken, cage seized or dropped. To solve this kind of problems, the re-search of the cutting scale mechanism was made, and a new type of removal scale equipment was made with using imported hard alloy material. The cutting experiment and actual cutting show that it can adapt to abominable condition in the shaft, such as narrow space, wet and excessive shaft crevice water and so on, and can work safely and reliably, and has high cutting scale efficiency. It can also cut out the deposit scale in the circular section of shaft. 展开更多
关键词 deposit scale in shaft wall cutting scale cutting mechanism cutting scale ma-chine
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Quo Vadis Archimedean Turbines Nowadays in Greece, in the Era of Transition? 被引量:1
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作者 Alkistis Stergiopoulou Vassilios Stergiopoulos 《Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A)》 2012年第7期870-879,共10页
According to recent hydropower inventories, the first aim of this paper is to prove that Greece is a real "Archimedean Soft Small Hydro Development Terra Incognita". It is a country in the Era of Transition of nowad... According to recent hydropower inventories, the first aim of this paper is to prove that Greece is a real "Archimedean Soft Small Hydro Development Terra Incognita". It is a country in the Era of Transition of nowadays, having an important unexploited hydropower potential of several TWh and thousands of MW. The second goal is to present the results of rediscovering the old screw pumps and the always-modern Archimedean cochlear screw ideas as a series of soft hydropower turbines with inclined axis rotors and floating spiral screw devices. By following the similarity methodology, a few small-scale models of cochlear rotors were designed, developed and tested in an Armfield hydraulic channel. The conventional and unconventional, low or zero-head screw turbines, could efficiently harness the important and unexploited Greek small potential and kinetic hydraulic energy of all the natural watercourses, the man-made open urban or rural channels and the most important tidal or sea currents, producing useful green electricity. The very promising low-head hydropower inventory of Greece, the preliminary experimental results and the research studies of cochlear projects in watercourses, hydraulic works, tidal conditions of Euripus Strait and in the mysterious "Sea River Current of Cephalonia", seems to give a good answer to the question "Quo Vadis Archimedes nowadays in Greece, in the Era of Transition?". 展开更多
关键词 Archimedean screws small hydropower Greek hydropower potential hydraulic turbines environment.
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Groundwater Management under the Kabu-ido System in Noubi Plain, Japan, 1810s-1860s
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作者 Takahiro Endo 《Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture》 2016年第7期828-838,共11页
The purpose of this paper is to clarify how the Kabu-ido system can be employed to successfully regulate groundwater pumping. This was accomplished by analyzing surviving historical documents, including budgetary note... The purpose of this paper is to clarify how the Kabu-ido system can be employed to successfully regulate groundwater pumping. This was accomplished by analyzing surviving historical documents, including budgetary notes and a diary. The Kabu-ido system was a customary institution for groundwater management in a ring levee area of the Noubi Plain in Japan that consisted of three programs: restriction of groundwater pumping through a permit system, groundwater pricing and economic compensation. The system was created in the 1810s and survived for 100 years. This paper covers the Kabu-ido system from the 1810s to the 1860s, the first half of the 100-year history. Excessive groundwater pumping is not a new environmental problem. Although many case studies have investigated remedial actions, few have investigated how local residents addressed the problem before the 20th century because of a lack of documents. The Kabu-ido system is an exception in which of the procedure was documented in writing. The historical data indicate that it was a pioneering institution for groundwater management. 展开更多
关键词 Kabu-ido system HISTORY groundwater management self-organized restriction and Japan.
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