黄土高原的土壤侵蚀与水土流失程度都很严重,对其进行水土流失的预报有着重要的生态意义和经济意义。利用SCS-CN(soil conservation service curve number)模型进行地表产流预测。针对黄土高原特定的气候及下垫面条件,以陕西省榆林市绥...黄土高原的土壤侵蚀与水土流失程度都很严重,对其进行水土流失的预报有着重要的生态意义和经济意义。利用SCS-CN(soil conservation service curve number)模型进行地表产流预测。针对黄土高原特定的气候及下垫面条件,以陕西省榆林市绥德韭园沟典型小流域为研究区域,借助韭园沟流域次降雨径流资料,优化影响降水产流关系的相应参数(初损率和降雨强度)。结果表明:(1)使用反算法来优化初损率,确定初损率为0.075,模型效率系数为0.208;(2)使用MATLAB结合粒子群算法来进一步优化初损率,确定初损率为0.13,模型效率系数为0.504,相比于反算法提高了142%,模型预报精度得到了很大提高;(3)在黄土丘陵沟壑区引入雨强因子修正降雨量函数,改进后模型效率系数为0.652,确定性系数为0.753,利用雨强修正函数后的SCS模型相比于标准SCS模型,确定性系数和模型效率系数分别提高了101%和534%。通过预测流域径流深与实测流域径流深的比较,模型模拟精度较为理想,可用于黄土高原不同小流域场次降雨的产流预报。展开更多
A new calculation formula of THM coupling stress intensity factor was derived by the boundary collocation method, in which an additional constant stress function was successfully introduced for the cracked specimen wi...A new calculation formula of THM coupling stress intensity factor was derived by the boundary collocation method, in which an additional constant stress function was successfully introduced for the cracked specimen with hydraulic pressure applied on its crack surface. Based on the newly derived formula, THM coupling fracture modes (including tensile, shear and mixed fracture mode) can be predicted by a new fracture criterion of stress intensity factor ratio, where the maximum axial load was measured by self-designed THM coupling fracture test. SEM analyses of THM coupling fractured surface indicate that the higher the temperature and hydraulic pressure are and the lower the confining pressure is, the more easily the intergranular (tension) fracture occurs. The transgranular (shear) fracture occurs in the opposite case while the mixed-mode fracture occurs in the middle case. The tested THM coupling fracture mechanisms are in good agreement with the predicted THM coupling fracture modes, which can verify correction of the newly-derived THM coupling stress intensity factor formula.展开更多
The fracture theory of cubic quasicrystal was developed. The exact analytic solution of a Mode Ⅲ Griffith crack in the material was obtained by using the Fourier transform and dual integral equations theory, and so t...The fracture theory of cubic quasicrystal was developed. The exact analytic solution of a Mode Ⅲ Griffith crack in the material was obtained by using the Fourier transform and dual integral equations theory, and so the displacement and stress fields, the stress intensity factor and strain energy release rate were determined. The results show that the stress intensity factor is independent of material constants, and the strain energy release rate is dependent on all material constants. These provide important information for studying the deformation and fracture of the new solid material.展开更多
The dynamic fracture behavior of the three-point bending beam with double deformity inclusions under impact loading is studied by using digital high-speed photography in combination with the transmission-type dynamic ...The dynamic fracture behavior of the three-point bending beam with double deformity inclusions under impact loading is studied by using digital high-speed photography in combination with the transmission-type dynamic caustic method. The experimental results indicate that the fluctuation of crack propagation velocity v first increases and then decreases in the crack propagation process. During the process of crack propagating into the inclusion area, the fracture resistance effect of the circular inclusion is the most significant and the effects of triangular and square inclusions are less obvious. The stress intensity factor near the crack tip increases during the propagation process and reaches its maximum value when the crack tip is close to the inclusions. The crack tip’s dynamic stress intensity factor ( DSIF) decreases when the crack exceeds the middle area of the double inclusions. These results provide an experimental basis and scientific foundation to strengthen the evaluation and fracture analysis of the structure containing deformity inclusions.展开更多
The approach combining the dynamic caustics method with high-speed photography technology is used to study the interaction between propagating cracks and three kinds of deformity inclusions( cylinder inclusion, quadr...The approach combining the dynamic caustics method with high-speed photography technology is used to study the interaction between propagating cracks and three kinds of deformity inclusions( cylinder inclusion, quadruple inclusion and triangular inclusion) under lowvelocity impact loading. By recording the caustic spots of crack tips at different moments during the crack propagation, the variation regulations of dynamic stress intensity factors( DSIF) and crack growth velocity with respect to time are obtained. The experimental results showthat the resistance effects to crack growth are varied with different shapes of inclusions in specimens, and the quadruple inclusion's effect is more apparent. The distortion degree of caustic spots is affected by the shapes of inclusions as well, and the situation is more serious for cylinder and quadruple inclusions. The overall values of DSIFs of triangular inclusion specimen are greater than the others, and the crack growth velocities, characteristic sizes and DSIFs showprocesses of fluctuations because of the disturbance of reflection waves in specimens. The results provide an experimental basis for the analysis of strength and impact-resistance ability in structures with deformity inclusions.展开更多
Aim The general arbitrary cracked problem in an elastic plane was discussed. Methods For the purpose of acquiring the solution of the problem, a new formulation on the problem was proposed. Compared with the classic...Aim The general arbitrary cracked problem in an elastic plane was discussed. Methods For the purpose of acquiring the solution of the problem, a new formulation on the problem was proposed. Compared with the classical plane elastic crack model, only the known conditions were revised in the new formulation, which are greatly convenient to solve the problem, and no other new condition was given. Results and Conclusion The general exact analytic solution is given here based on the formulation though the problem is very complicated. Furthermore, the stress intensity factors K Ⅰ, K Ⅱ of the problem are also given.展开更多
文摘黄土高原的土壤侵蚀与水土流失程度都很严重,对其进行水土流失的预报有着重要的生态意义和经济意义。利用SCS-CN(soil conservation service curve number)模型进行地表产流预测。针对黄土高原特定的气候及下垫面条件,以陕西省榆林市绥德韭园沟典型小流域为研究区域,借助韭园沟流域次降雨径流资料,优化影响降水产流关系的相应参数(初损率和降雨强度)。结果表明:(1)使用反算法来优化初损率,确定初损率为0.075,模型效率系数为0.208;(2)使用MATLAB结合粒子群算法来进一步优化初损率,确定初损率为0.13,模型效率系数为0.504,相比于反算法提高了142%,模型预报精度得到了很大提高;(3)在黄土丘陵沟壑区引入雨强因子修正降雨量函数,改进后模型效率系数为0.652,确定性系数为0.753,利用雨强修正函数后的SCS模型相比于标准SCS模型,确定性系数和模型效率系数分别提高了101%和534%。通过预测流域径流深与实测流域径流深的比较,模型模拟精度较为理想,可用于黄土高原不同小流域场次降雨的产流预报。
基金Project(11072269)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(20090162110066)supported by the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China
文摘A new calculation formula of THM coupling stress intensity factor was derived by the boundary collocation method, in which an additional constant stress function was successfully introduced for the cracked specimen with hydraulic pressure applied on its crack surface. Based on the newly derived formula, THM coupling fracture modes (including tensile, shear and mixed fracture mode) can be predicted by a new fracture criterion of stress intensity factor ratio, where the maximum axial load was measured by self-designed THM coupling fracture test. SEM analyses of THM coupling fractured surface indicate that the higher the temperature and hydraulic pressure are and the lower the confining pressure is, the more easily the intergranular (tension) fracture occurs. The transgranular (shear) fracture occurs in the opposite case while the mixed-mode fracture occurs in the middle case. The tested THM coupling fracture mechanisms are in good agreement with the predicted THM coupling fracture modes, which can verify correction of the newly-derived THM coupling stress intensity factor formula.
文摘The fracture theory of cubic quasicrystal was developed. The exact analytic solution of a Mode Ⅲ Griffith crack in the material was obtained by using the Fourier transform and dual integral equations theory, and so the displacement and stress fields, the stress intensity factor and strain energy release rate were determined. The results show that the stress intensity factor is independent of material constants, and the strain energy release rate is dependent on all material constants. These provide important information for studying the deformation and fracture of the new solid material.
基金The National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2011CB606105)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51374210,51134025)
文摘The dynamic fracture behavior of the three-point bending beam with double deformity inclusions under impact loading is studied by using digital high-speed photography in combination with the transmission-type dynamic caustic method. The experimental results indicate that the fluctuation of crack propagation velocity v first increases and then decreases in the crack propagation process. During the process of crack propagating into the inclusion area, the fracture resistance effect of the circular inclusion is the most significant and the effects of triangular and square inclusions are less obvious. The stress intensity factor near the crack tip increases during the propagation process and reaches its maximum value when the crack tip is close to the inclusions. The crack tip’s dynamic stress intensity factor ( DSIF) decreases when the crack exceeds the middle area of the double inclusions. These results provide an experimental basis and scientific foundation to strengthen the evaluation and fracture analysis of the structure containing deformity inclusions.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51374210,51134025)the 111 Project(No.B14006)
文摘The approach combining the dynamic caustics method with high-speed photography technology is used to study the interaction between propagating cracks and three kinds of deformity inclusions( cylinder inclusion, quadruple inclusion and triangular inclusion) under lowvelocity impact loading. By recording the caustic spots of crack tips at different moments during the crack propagation, the variation regulations of dynamic stress intensity factors( DSIF) and crack growth velocity with respect to time are obtained. The experimental results showthat the resistance effects to crack growth are varied with different shapes of inclusions in specimens, and the quadruple inclusion's effect is more apparent. The distortion degree of caustic spots is affected by the shapes of inclusions as well, and the situation is more serious for cylinder and quadruple inclusions. The overall values of DSIFs of triangular inclusion specimen are greater than the others, and the crack growth velocities, characteristic sizes and DSIFs showprocesses of fluctuations because of the disturbance of reflection waves in specimens. The results provide an experimental basis for the analysis of strength and impact-resistance ability in structures with deformity inclusions.
文摘Aim The general arbitrary cracked problem in an elastic plane was discussed. Methods For the purpose of acquiring the solution of the problem, a new formulation on the problem was proposed. Compared with the classical plane elastic crack model, only the known conditions were revised in the new formulation, which are greatly convenient to solve the problem, and no other new condition was given. Results and Conclusion The general exact analytic solution is given here based on the formulation though the problem is very complicated. Furthermore, the stress intensity factors K Ⅰ, K Ⅱ of the problem are also given.