The dinoflagellate Dinophysis acurninata Claparede ＆ Lachrnann is a toxic alga that causes diarrhetic shellfish poisoning. No Dinophysis species were maintained in culture for a long period of time until 2006 when Pa...The dinoflagellate Dinophysis acurninata Claparede ＆ Lachrnann is a toxic alga that causes diarrhetic shellfish poisoning. No Dinophysis species were maintained in culture for a long period of time until 2006 when Park successfully established D. acuminata in culture using a three-step feeding protocol in which the cryptophyte, Geminigera cryophila, is fed to Myrionecta rubra （=Mesodinium rubrum）, a ciliate that is in turn fed to D. acuminata. In this paper, we present the details of culturing D. acuminata from the Northeastern United States. The protocols described herein can be adopted for laboratory studies of this species. The effects of temperature on the growth and ingestion rates of D. acuminata were also examined. The results show that D. acuminata growth rate was 0.23/d at 10℃ and 0.11/d at 4℃when fed M. rubra prey. The maximum prey ingestion rate was 2.80 Dinophysis cell/d at 10℃, although the rate decreased slightly at 4℃. In overall, temperature showed a greater influence on growth rate of D. acuminata than on the ingestion rate under the study conditions, and the quantity of available food was also an important regulator to D. acurninata growth.展开更多
The photodissociation dynamics of acetaldehyde in the radical channel CH3＋HCO has been reinvestigated using time-sliced velocity map imaging technique in the photolysis wavelength range of 275-321 nm. The CH3 fragmen...The photodissociation dynamics of acetaldehyde in the radical channel CH3＋HCO has been reinvestigated using time-sliced velocity map imaging technique in the photolysis wavelength range of 275-321 nm. The CH3 fragments have been probed via （2＋1） resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization. Images are measured for CH3 formed in the ground and excited states （v2=0 and 1） of the umbrella vibrational mode. For acetaldehyde dissociation on T1 state after intersystem crossing from S1 state, the products are formed with high translational energy release and low internal excitation. The rotational and vibrational energy of both fragments increases with increasing photodissociation energy. The triplet barrier height is estimated at 3.8814-0.006 eV above the ground state of acetaldehyde.展开更多
A procedure is described to isolate intact RNA from tissues not previously undertaken-highly infested and wilted apical buds and leaves of tea [Camellia sinensis （L.） O. Ktze.]. The protocol uses a final concentrati...A procedure is described to isolate intact RNA from tissues not previously undertaken-highly infested and wilted apical buds and leaves of tea [Camellia sinensis （L.） O. Ktze.]. The protocol uses a final concentration of 450 mM β mercaptoethanol （βME） and 10% Polyvinylpyrrolidone （PVP） to circumvent problems associated with large amounts of polyphenols, polysaccharides, pigments and other secondary metabolites not easily removed by conventional procedures. Furthermore, the proposed protocol is applicable to normal tissues and other plant tissues with similar stresses, containing compounds that interfere with RNA extractions. Total RNA could be used for downstream applications such as mRNA isolation, reverse transcription, quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction （PCR）, cDNA library construction and Rapid amplification of cDNA ends （RACE）.展开更多
X-ray digital imaging technology has found wide application owing to its advantages of real-time, visualization and rapid imaging. In substations the substantial electromagnetic interference has some influence on the ...X-ray digital imaging technology has found wide application owing to its advantages of real-time, visualization and rapid imaging. In substations the substantial electromagnetic interference has some influence on the live detection by the X-ray digital imaging technology, hindering the promotion of the technology in the detection of electric equipment. Based on a large number of field tests, the author carded out a series of researches on electromagnetic interference protection measures, image de-noising, and image enhancement algorithms.展开更多
To address the challenges of non-cooperative and remote acoustic detection, an all-fiber laser Doppler vibrometer(LDV) is established. The all-fiber LDV system can offer the advantages of smaller size, lightweight des...To address the challenges of non-cooperative and remote acoustic detection, an all-fiber laser Doppler vibrometer(LDV) is established. The all-fiber LDV system can offer the advantages of smaller size, lightweight design and robust structure, hence it is a better fit for remote speech detection. In order to improve the performance and the efficiency of LDV for long-range hearing, the speech enhancement technology based on optimally modified log-spectral amplitude(OM-LSA) algorithm is used. The experimental results show that the comprehensible speech signals within the range of 150 m can be obtained by the proposed LDV. The signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) and mean opinion score(MOS) of the LDV speech signal can be increased by 100% and 27%, respectively, by using the speech enhancement technology. This all-fiber LDV, which combines the speech enhancement technology, can meet the practical demand in engineering.展开更多
基金provided by a grand fostering project from the Ministry of Education,People’s Republic of China (No 707011)the China Scholarship Council(CSC)2007+2 种基金supported by grants (to ANDERSON M Donald) from the US. National Science Foundation (Nos. NSF OCE-0402707OCE-0850421)the Ocean Life Institute at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
文摘The dinoflagellate Dinophysis acurninata Claparede ＆ Lachrnann is a toxic alga that causes diarrhetic shellfish poisoning. No Dinophysis species were maintained in culture for a long period of time until 2006 when Park successfully established D. acuminata in culture using a three-step feeding protocol in which the cryptophyte, Geminigera cryophila, is fed to Myrionecta rubra （=Mesodinium rubrum）, a ciliate that is in turn fed to D. acuminata. In this paper, we present the details of culturing D. acuminata from the Northeastern United States. The protocols described herein can be adopted for laboratory studies of this species. The effects of temperature on the growth and ingestion rates of D. acuminata were also examined. The results show that D. acuminata growth rate was 0.23/d at 10℃ and 0.11/d at 4℃when fed M. rubra prey. The maximum prey ingestion rate was 2.80 Dinophysis cell/d at 10℃, although the rate decreased slightly at 4℃. In overall, temperature showed a greater influence on growth rate of D. acuminata than on the ingestion rate under the study conditions, and the quantity of available food was also an important regulator to D. acurninata growth.
基金ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.21203186 and No.21073187）, the National Key Basic Research Program of China （No.2010CB923302）, 100 Talents Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘The photodissociation dynamics of acetaldehyde in the radical channel CH3＋HCO has been reinvestigated using time-sliced velocity map imaging technique in the photolysis wavelength range of 275-321 nm. The CH3 fragments have been probed via （2＋1） resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization. Images are measured for CH3 formed in the ground and excited states （v2=0 and 1） of the umbrella vibrational mode. For acetaldehyde dissociation on T1 state after intersystem crossing from S1 state, the products are formed with high translational energy release and low internal excitation. The rotational and vibrational energy of both fragments increases with increasing photodissociation energy. The triplet barrier height is estimated at 3.8814-0.006 eV above the ground state of acetaldehyde.
文摘A procedure is described to isolate intact RNA from tissues not previously undertaken-highly infested and wilted apical buds and leaves of tea [Camellia sinensis （L.） O. Ktze.]. The protocol uses a final concentration of 450 mM β mercaptoethanol （βME） and 10% Polyvinylpyrrolidone （PVP） to circumvent problems associated with large amounts of polyphenols, polysaccharides, pigments and other secondary metabolites not easily removed by conventional procedures. Furthermore, the proposed protocol is applicable to normal tissues and other plant tissues with similar stresses, containing compounds that interfere with RNA extractions. Total RNA could be used for downstream applications such as mRNA isolation, reverse transcription, quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction （PCR）, cDNA library construction and Rapid amplification of cDNA ends （RACE）.
文摘X-ray digital imaging technology has found wide application owing to its advantages of real-time, visualization and rapid imaging. In substations the substantial electromagnetic interference has some influence on the live detection by the X-ray digital imaging technology, hindering the promotion of the technology in the detection of electric equipment. Based on a large number of field tests, the author carded out a series of researches on electromagnetic interference protection measures, image de-noising, and image enhancement algorithms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61205143)
文摘To address the challenges of non-cooperative and remote acoustic detection, an all-fiber laser Doppler vibrometer(LDV) is established. The all-fiber LDV system can offer the advantages of smaller size, lightweight design and robust structure, hence it is a better fit for remote speech detection. In order to improve the performance and the efficiency of LDV for long-range hearing, the speech enhancement technology based on optimally modified log-spectral amplitude(OM-LSA) algorithm is used. The experimental results show that the comprehensible speech signals within the range of 150 m can be obtained by the proposed LDV. The signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) and mean opinion score(MOS) of the LDV speech signal can be increased by 100% and 27%, respectively, by using the speech enhancement technology. This all-fiber LDV, which combines the speech enhancement technology, can meet the practical demand in engineering.
