规范敏捷式监管:金融数据开放的监管挑战与完善路径

规范敏捷式监管将规范体系与敏捷治理相结合,既以规范体系为“锚”,为市场主体的有序交往提供稳定的规范预期;同时谋求“监管行为-监管规则-法律规范”这一全流程的敏捷化,以更好地适应数字技术带来的不确定性治理挑战。金融数据开放是践行规范敏捷式监管的典型应用场景,提炼域外开放银行改革经验,以监管推动金融数据开放,应当构建包含数据资源开放、数据要素流动、数据权益配置三个维度的政策框架。我国当前金融数据管理体制存在数据资源开放范围过窄、数据要素流动成本过高、数据权益配置结构失衡这三方面机制障碍。以规范敏捷范式监管为指引,我国应推动形成以《金融数据开放条例》为核心的规范体系,依法依规扩大金融数据开放范围,构建金融数据开放标准、交易平台及协同监管机制,并优化数据权益配置结构。

Regarding the Regulatory Sandbox Route and Mechanism for Governance of Artificial Intelligence

The main challenge in AI governance today is striking a balance between controlling AI dangers and fostering AI innovation.Regulators in a number of nations have progressively extended the regulatory sandbox,which was first implemented in the banking sector,to AI governance in an effort to reduce the conflict between regulation and innovation.The AI regulatory sandbox is a new and feasible route for AI governance in China that not only helps to manage the risks of technology application but also prevents inhibiting AI innovation.It keeps inventors'trial-and-error tolerance space inside the regulatory purview while offering a controlled setting for the development and testing of novel AI that hasn't yet been put on the market.By providing full-cycle governance of AI with the principles of agility and inclusive prudence,the regulatory sandbox offers an alternative to the conventional top-down hard regulation,expost regulation,and tight regulation.However,the current system also has inherent limitations and practical obstacles that need to be overcome by a more rational and effective approach.To achieve its positive impact on AI governance,the AI regulatory sandbox system should build and improve the access and exit mechanism,the coordination mechanism between the sandbox and personal information protection,and the mechanisms of exemption,disclosure,and communication.

迈向负责任AI:中国AI治理趋势与展望

过去十年,得益于深度学习算法、大数据、AI专用芯片、开源软件框架等诸多技术要素的汇聚发展,AI迅速成为新的通用技术并被广泛应用于经济社会的各个领域。与此同时,AI也带来了一系列法律、伦理和社会问题,AI治理由此成为“必选项”和“必答题”。政府、企业、行业组织等各主体,围绕宏观政策、科技伦理治理、算法监管、传统强监管领域的监管创新、AI知识产权规则、AI标准化建设、行业自律、全球AI治理合作八大方面,推进AI治理走向深入。展望未来,AI治理的完善,需要持续推进精准敏捷监管,采取AI“监管沙盒”、AI治理社会化服务等多元化方式,推动AI治理从原则迈向实践,探索AI风险管理、嵌入设计、技术解决方案等多元化路径。同时,推动全球AI治理合作持续深化,实现各国普惠发展,让AI的发展持续造福全人类利益。

软法范式的人工智能伦理监管:日本制度探析

在人工智能伦理监管中,平衡技术发展与监管的关系十分重要。这需要根据人工智能的技术特点采取不同于传统监管模式的做法。日本的思路是政府设定目标、企业自主规范、多元主体参与,并依此构建了软法范式的监管制度。该制度强调技术发展优先,注重不增加企业制度成本和不损伤技术研发积极性,通过软法性质的原则、指针来引导企业预防伦理事故,达到既维护社会价值又促进技术发展的目的。日本的监管模式体现了“敏捷监管”的观点,也彰显了日本特有的行为方式。日本经验显示,对变化快、复杂且应用前景不确定的新兴技术,软法范式不失为一种有效的监管。但同时也需要构建激励企业的机制,完善高伦理风险领域的法律法规。