隧道围岩岩体变形破坏数值力学试验

该文通过对围岩岩体开展数值力学试验,在确定连续微元尺寸δc,并获取该围岩岩体各项基本力学参数的基础上,进一步研究了该围岩岩体的破裂过程,重点讨论了该围岩含单条横向节理和单条竖向节理岩体的变形破坏特征。

围岩岩体声发射规律数值力学试验

通过对诸永高速公路磐安段西华岭隧道围岩中凝灰岩岩体,开展了数值力学试验,在确定连续微元尺寸δc及各项基本力学参数的基础上,试验获得的序列不同尺寸岩体变形破坏过程声发射频率、声发射能量图,进一步描述了该围岩岩体的声发射特征。

一种低造价叠层橡胶隔震支座的试验及模拟研究

提出了一种适用于村镇民居的新型低造价隔震支座,即采用低成本的3240环氧树脂板材作为叠层橡胶隔震支座的加劲层。分别对3240板材和隔震支座进行了力学性能试验,分析了竖向刚度与竖向面压的关系、水平刚度随不同竖向面压或剪应变的变化规律以及支座的力学和变形性能;对隔震支座进行压缩和剪压数值模拟,探究支座的应力分布规律以及翘曲现象对支座性能的影响。研究结果表明:3240隔震支座具有良好的力学和变形性能,支座的竖向刚度随竖向面压增大而减小,水平刚度随剪应变增大而减小;竖向压缩模拟时,支座最大竖向应力和最大水平应力均为竖向面压2倍左右;翘曲会使支座产生较大水平应力且降低支座水平刚度,工程中建议采用螺栓连接避免支座翘曲破环。

基于三维颗粒离散元法的喷射混凝土单轴抗压试验研究

以喷射混凝土室内单轴抗压试验为基础,研究喷射混凝土单轴抗压试验的三维颗粒离散元模拟方法。根据平行黏结模型的黏结尺寸理论,将室内试验级配进行合理简化,建立三维数值力学试验模型。研究试件在数值试验中的受力全过程和细观破坏形态,得到试验数据,绘制应力-应变曲线和裂缝数-荷载步曲线,与室内试验结果进行对比分析。结果表明:利用简化模型,可提高计算速率;三维颗粒离散元单轴抗压试验模拟获得的喷射混凝土强度特性、微观裂缝的发展过程和试件破坏特点与室内试验结果吻合;三维颗粒离散元法可以描述喷射混凝土这类具有明显非连续性特征材料在单轴受压状态下的细观破坏特征,为研究其在复杂受力条件下的破坏机理奠定基础。

Generation of 3D random meso-structure of soil-rock mixture and its meso-structural mechanics based on numerical tests

The mesoscopic failure mechanism and the macro-mechanical characteristics of soil-rock mixture(S-RM) under external load are largely controlled by S-RM's meso-structural features. The objective of this work is to improve the three-dimensional technology for the generation of the random meso-structural models of S-RM, for randomly generating irregular rock blocks in S-RM with different shapes, sizes, and distributions according to the characteristics of the rock blocks' size distribution. Based on the new improved technology, a software system named as R-SRM3 D for generation and visualization of S-RM is developed. Using R-SRM3 D, a three-dimensional meso-structural model of S-RM is generated and used to study the meso-mechanical behavior through a series of true-triaxial numerical tests. From the numerical tests, the following conclusions are obtained. The meso-stress field of S-RM is influenced by the distribution of the internal rock blocks, and the macro-mechanical characteristics of S-RM are anisotropic in 3D; the intermediate principal stress and the soil-rock interface properties have significant influence on the macro strength of S-RM.

Model Test and Numerical Analysis on Long-Term Mechanical Properties of Stepped Reinforced Retaining Wall

Model tests and numerical analyses of stepped reinforced retaining wall were performed to investigate the effects of rheology of backfill and creep of geogrids on the long-term performance of the structure.The geogrid tensions,soil pressures,wall deformations and foundation pressure were measured during model construction and loading.A visco-elasto-plastic model and an empirical nonlinear visco-elastic model were utilized to simulate the stresses and deformations of geogrid-reinforced earth-retaining wall under long-term loads.By comparing test data with numerical results,it is shown that the foundation pressure distribution is nonlinear,and the lateral constraint of geogrids for backfill can cause a redistribution of foundation pressure.The curve of soil pressure is outside convex at each step initially,and it is close to the distribution for the case of vertical wall subsequently.The variation trend of geogrid tensions at different heights is obtained.Moreover,the failure mechanism and development mode of potential slip surface in retaining wall are proposed.

Stress-strain analysis of loess triaxial shear test by PFC^(3D)

In order to compensate for limitations of microscopic study on loess triaxial tests, taking the loess in Longxi area as an example, the authors established the loess triaxial test model by using PFC3D software and simulating tfiaxial shear test under the different confining pressures in 0 kPa, 50 kPa and 300 kPa. Compared with laboratory triaxial shear test, the numerical simulation test has a guiding role in loess mechanical strength analysis.

A new scheme for identifying free surface particles in improved SPH

The present paper proposes a new scheme for identifying free surface particles in an improved SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics). With the development of the SPH, free surface identification becomes a key challenge in free surface flow simulations, especially for violent breaking water waves. According to numerical tests, existing free surface identified schemes are not reliable for weakly compressible SPH when violent waves are modeled. The new free surface identification scheme suggested here considers changes in density ratio and three auxiliary functions. Although this new scheme originates from a scheme for another meshfree method (MLPG_R method), it includes several improvements, especially developed for the improved SPH. The limited numerical tests have indicated that the scheme does not significantly increase CPU time required, but it considerably improves the identification of free surface particles.

Internal heat transfer coefficients in microporous media with rarefaction effects

The internal heat transfer of different gases in microporous media was investigated experimentally and numerically.The experimental test section had a sintered bronze porous media with average particle diameters from 11 μm to 225 μm.The Knudsen numbers at the average inlet and outlet pressures of each test section varied from 0.0006 to 0.13 with porosities from 0.16 to 0.38.The particle-to-fluid heat transfer coefficients of air,CO 2 and helium in the microporous media were determined experimentally.The results show that the Nusselt numbers for the internal heat transfer in the microporous media decrease with decreasing the particle diameter,d p,and increasing Knudsen number for the same Reynolds number.For Kn>0.01,the rarefaction affects the internal heat transfer in the microporous media.A Nusselt number correlation was developed that includes the influence of rarefaction.The computational fluid dynamics(CFD) numerical simulation was carried out to do the pore scale simulation of internal heat transfer in the microporous media considering the rarefaction effect.Pore scale three-dimensional numerical simulations were also used to predict the particle-to-fluid heat transfer coefficients.The numerical results without slip-flow and temperature jump effects for Kn<0.01 corresponded well with the experimental data.The numerical results with slip-flow and temperature jump effects for 0.01<Kn<0.13 are lower than the numerical results without rarefaction effects,but closer to the experimental data.The numerical results with rarefaction effects can accurately simulate the unsteady heat transfer in the microporous media.

Evaluating the safety of high arch dams with fractures based on numerical simulation and geomechanical model testing

It is important to estimate the probability of fracture extension and its impact on the safety of arch dams with fractures. Numerical simulation and geomechanical model test were combined to evaluate the overall stability and the extension probability of fractures. Numerical simulation forecasted the dam displacement and the operating behavior based on the parameters obtained from the back analysis. Geomechanical model test was based on small block masonry and the models with or without fractures were both tested. The results show that the deformation of dams is in line with general rules at a normal water load and the extension probability of the existing fractures is very small, which has no significant impact on the global stability of dams. Moreover, the failure process of arch dams with the existing fractures in dams at overload scenarios is similar to the one without the embedded fractures, i.e., the failure crack which is not caused by the existing fractures inside comes into being on the surface of dams itself.

A method of magnetosonic characteristics to correct the "rarefaction shocks" problem arising in ZEUS

ZEUS is a magnetohydrodynamics simulation code widely used in astrophysical research.However,it was recently found that the code may produce artificial shocks in the rarefaction region in some numerical tests since it is not upwinded in fast and slow waves.We propose a method of magnetosonic characteristics to evolve compressional waves.The tests indicate that this method cures the "rarefaction shocks" problem to a large extent and it also greatly reduces some post shock oscillations.

Numerical Simulation of the Tip Aerodynamics and Acoustics Test

The application of an efficient flow control system on helicopter rotor blades may lead to improved aerodynamic performance. Recently, our invention of Rod Vortex Generators(RVGs) has been analyzed for helicopter rotor blades in hover with success. As a step forward, the study has been extended to forward flight conditions. For this reason, a validation of the numerical modelling for a reference helicopter rotor(without flow control) is needed. The article presents a study of the flow-field of the AH-1G helicopter rotor in low-, medium- and high-speed forward flight. The CFD code FLOWer from DLR has proven to be a suitable tool for the aerodynamic analysis of the two-bladed rotor without any artificial wake modelling. It solves the URANS equations with LEA(Linear Explicit Algebraic stress) k-ω model using the chimera overlapping grids technique. Validation of the numerical model uses comparison with the detailed flight test data gathered by Cross J. L. and Watts M. E. during the Tip Aerodynamics and Acoustics Test(TAAT) conducted at NASA in 1981. Satisfactory agreements for all speed regimes and a presence of significant flow separation in high-speed forward flight suggest a possible benefit from the future implementation of RVGs. The numerical results based on the URANS approach are presented not only for a popular, low-speed case commonly used in rotorcraft community for CFD codes validation but preferably for medium- and high-speed test conditions that have not been published to date.