中国文学的现代转型与进化论时间观

中国文学现代转型的主要标志是文学本体观的确立。但长期以来 ,在文学史写作与研究中 ,进化论时间观利用人们“趋时附新”的心理追求 ,对现代转型进行了多种阶段性命名 ,如阶级革命、文化革命、整风运动、大跃进 ,造成了“转型”意义的搁浅。其实 ,现代文学转型的实现与文学本体的确立是一个互证互动的过程 ,一方面现代文学转型的标志是文学本体观的确立 ;另一方面文学本体观的深化又加快了现代文学的转型进程。

DNA似近距离及进化时间的估算

在似近分析和 Nei氏遗传距离的基础上 ,给出了 DNA似近距离计算公式 ,并以 DNA似近距离估算类群间的分歧时间 (进化时间 ) ,应用 1 0种限制内切酶对猕猴属 ( genusMacaca)内 5个种 mt DNA的切点数据计算了这 5个种的 DNA似近距离和进化时间 .比较由DNA似近距、遗传距离构建的歧化树和 Fooden及 Delson的形态歧化树表明 ,除遗传距离的歧化树外 ,其它三种歧化树都有一个共同点 ,就是熊猴 ( M.assamensis)与藏酋猴 ( M.thibetna)歧化最晚 .以 DNA似近距离估算猕猴属内这 5个种最早分歧时间与 Delson推算的时间比较吻合 .在贵州的汉族、苗族、布依族和水族 mt DNA酶切点数据中 ,用

基于稀疏贝叶斯学习的协同进化时间序列缺失数据预测算法

针对大多数已有算法在预测协同进化时间序列中的缺失数据时只适用于缺失数据较少情况的问题,提出了一种高效的缺失数据预测算法。首先,应用压缩感知理论,将协同进化时间序列中的缺失数据预测问题建模成多稀疏向量恢复问题;其次,从稀疏表示向量是否足够稀疏和感知矩阵是否满足有限等距特性两个方面分析了模型的性能;最后,针对协同进化时间序列的特点设计了一种基于稀疏贝叶斯学习的高效恢复算法,该算法可以通过学习得到部分支持信息,从而同时解决多个稀疏向量的恢复问题。仿真结果表明,所提算法可以同时有效地预测出多个时间序列中的缺失数据。

基于DNA序列的系统进化树构建

【目的】利用生物DNA序列构建系统进化树,以分析生物的进化过程。【方法】利用最大似然估计原理,给出了构建系统发生树的模型和算法。分别建立了确定父节点的ML模型、确定进化时间的ML模型以及保守概率与相似度关系模型;并通过递推,逐步恢复生物进化的原过程。【结果】给定一系列生物的DNA序列,通过本算法可以建立这些生物的系统进化树,以及生物各自父辈的DNA序列和进化时间。【结论】由本研究构建算法得到的生物进化关系合理、算法复杂度低,可以用于大规模生物群体的系统进化树构建。

中国文学的现代转型与时间分期

中国文学的现代转型是一个过程与结果同时存在的复杂问题,它的主要标志是文学本体观的确立。但长期以来,在文学史写作与研究中,进化论时间观利用人们“趋时附新”的心理追求,对现代转型进行了多种阶段性命名,如阶级革命、文化革命、整风运动、大跃进,造成了“转型”意义的搁浅。其实,现代文学转型的实现与文学本体的确立是一个互证互动的过程,一方面现代文学转型的标志是文学本体观的确立;另一方面文学本体观的深化又加快了现代文学的转型进程。

基于ITS2的和田玫瑰分子进化分析

目的:分析和田玫瑰分子系统发育进化式样并评价其道地性。方法:采用聚合酶链式反应获得和田玫瑰内转录间隔区2(ITS2)序列,在美国国家生物技术信息中心数据库(NCBI)比对,从GenBank获取邻近属ITS2序列共52条,利用MEGAX软件进行多重比对分析,构建邻接(NJ)系统发育树,推断进化时间,预测ITS2序列二级结构。结果:基于ITS2引物扩增获得长度为409 bp的序列,包括小亚基核糖体核糖核酸基因和内部转录间隔区的部分序列(1~39 bp)、5.8S核糖体核糖核酸基因全序列(40~64 bp)、ITS2标准全序列(65~268 bp)、大亚基核糖体核糖核酸基因的部分序列(269~409 bp)。分析发现和田玫瑰与英国、意大利等欧洲产玫瑰Rosa sherardii距离最近,共同亲本是大马士革玫瑰,和田玫瑰于20000多年前开始出现。结论:和田玫瑰ITS2标准序列为204 bp,起源于欧洲大马士革玫瑰,分歧进化时间约为29000年,与《中华人民共和国药典》2020年版收录玫瑰花的ITS2序列二级结构的区别主要在Ⅲ螺旋区部位。

Hybrid evolutionary algorithm for no-wait flow shops to minimize makespan and total flowtime

The NP-hard no-wait flow shop scheduling problems with makespan and total flowtime minimization are considered. Objective increment properties of the problems are analyzed. A non-dominated classification method is introduced to class population individuals into Pareto fronts to improve searching efficiency. Besides investigating the crowding distance and the elitist solution strategy, two effective bi-criteria local search procedures based on objective increments are presented to improve searching effectiveness. Based on the properties and methods, a hybrid evolutionary algorithm is proposed for the considered problems and compared with the best existing algorithms. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is effective with high efficiency.

Improved ant colony optimization for multi-depot heterogeneous vehicle routing problem with soft time windows

Considering that the vehicle routing problem （VRP） with many extended features is widely used in actual life, such as multi-depot, heterogeneous types of vehicles, customer service priority and time windows etc., a mathematical model for multi-depot heterogeneous vehicle routing problem with soft time windows （MDHVRPSTW） is established. An improved ant colony optimization （IACO） is proposed for solving this model. First, MDHVRPSTW is transferred into different groups according to the nearest principle, and then the initial route is constructed by the scanning algorithm （SA）. Secondly, genetic operators are introduced, and crossover probability and mutation probability are adaptively adjusted in order to improve the global search ability of the algorithm. Moreover, the smooth mechanism is used to improve the performance of the ant colony optimization （ACO）. Finally, the 3-opt strategy is used to improve the local search ability. The proposed IACO was tested on three new instances that were generated randomly. The experimental results show that IACO is superior to the other three existing algorithms in terms of convergence speed and solution quality. Thus, the proposed method is effective and feasible, and the proposed model is meaningful.

City Size Distribution and Its Spatiotemporal Evolution in China

Based on the National Land Use/Cover Database of China(NLUD-C) in the end of the 1980s(the 1980s,hereafter), 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010, 665 cities were selected to study the size distribution and its changes of urban lands in China. In this study, the spatiotemporal evolutions of urban land size distribution as well as the influence of administrative-level on these cities were explored by combining urban spatial positions and administrative-levels. Results indicate that: 1) City size distribution using urban lands was more practical and reasonable than using non-agricultural population. 2) In the 1980s, cities with ascending urban land rank were centralized in Eastern China, specially the Changjiang(Yangtze) River Delta, the Zhujiang(Pearl) River Delta, and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Cities in Central, Western, and Northeast China mainly indicated descending urban land rank. 3) The transfer of national development focus resulted in cities with ascending urban land rank becoming evenly distributed nationwide; however, this trend was slightly centralized around Chengdu, Chongqing, and Wuhan in different periods. 4) During the 1980s to 2010, the proportion of cities with ascending urban land rank in provincial capitals, municipalities, and special administrative regions(high-level cities, hereafter) was consistently higher than those in prefecture- and county-level cities except for 2005–2010. The ranks of the majority of the prefecture- and county-level cities were mainly descending, supported by ascending; the proportion of cities with unchanged rank is small. This study breaks through the bottleneck of traditional research in the area of city size distribution by examining urban land replacing the non-agricultural population. The current study also provides scientific explanation for the healthy and reasonable development of urban land as well as the coordinated development of population urbanization and land urbanization.

Evolution and Generation of Dynamics of Two-Mode Squeezed States of Time-Dependent Coupled Boson System

The system of the Hamiltonian involving a driving part,a single mode part,and a two-mode squeezedone and a two-mode coupled one is discussed using the Lewis-Riesenfeld invariant theory.The time evolution operatoris obtained.When the initial state is a coherent state,the quantum fluctuation of the system is calculated,and it isdependent on the squeezed part and the two-mode coupled part,but not dependent on the driving one.

Restudy on Dark Matter Time-Evolution in the Littlest Higgs Model with T-Parity

Following previous study, in the littlest Higgs model （LHM）, the heavy photon is supposed to be a possiL dark matter candidate and its relic abundance of the heavy photon is estimated in terms of the Boltzman- Lee-Weinba time-evolution equation. The effect of the T-parity violation is also considered. Our calculations show that when Higmass MH taken to be 300 GeV and do not considering T-parity violation, only two narrow ranges 133 〈 MAH 〈 135 Ge and 167 〈 MAH〈 169 GeV are tolerable with the current astrophysical observation and if 135 〈 MAH 〈 167 GeV there must at least exist another species of heavy particle contributing to the cold dark matter. As long as the T-pari; can be violated, the heavy photon can decay into regular standard model particles and would affect the dark matt abundance in the universe, we discuss the constraint on the T-parity violation parameter based on the present dat Direct detection prospects are also discussed in some detail.

一种基于交通态势算法的交通预警系统设计

为实时监控高速公路的交通状况,设计并实现一种基于交通态势算法的交通预警系统,该系统主要由态势计算、异常拥堵预警和交通迁徙计算等3个模块组成。采用Van-Aerde模型表征交通流的状态和变化规律,得到密度、速度和流量之间的关系;综合考虑交通预测的时空性,采用基于图卷积网络(Graph Convolutional Network,GCN)和长短期记忆(Long Short-Term Memory,LSTM)单元的时间图进化网络(GCN-LSTM)模型对未来交通流异常拥堵情况进行预警。试验结果表明,该预警系统能通过实时计算当前交通流的密度、速度和流量评估交通状态,并确定密度和速度阈值,警示当前道路在该阈值附近时通行效率高,帮助改善交通状况;相比传统的基于神经网络方法和机器学习方法的预警系统,该预警系统在预测精度方面表现良好,能有效降低误报率,且具有一定的鲁棒性。

THE SEQUENCE OF PALEOENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES SINCE ABOUT 4KA B.P., RECORDED BY NIYA SECTION IN SOUTHERN MARGIN OF TARIM BASIN

Through synthetic researches of multi-index geological records of Niya section, which are of high resolution in southern margin of Tarim Basin, this paper has reconstructed the sequences of paleoclimate in this region during historical times (since about 4000a B.P.). During the last 4000 years, the area has experienced alternations of relative cold-moisture and relative warm-dry periods. Three evident cold-moisture periods and three warm-dry periods are identifing. The study shows that the human activities have an intimate relation with the evolution of paleoclimate in the southern Xinjiang. Paleoclimate has played very important role in influencing human being′s agricultural activities.

An Unstructured Finite Volume Method for Impact Dynamics of a Thin Plate

The examination of an unstructured finite volume method for structural dynamics is assessed for simulations of systematic impact dynamics. A robust display dual-time stepping method is utilized to obtain time accurate solutions. The study of impact dynamics is a complex problem that should consider strength models and state equations to describe the mechanical behavior of materials. The current method has several features, l） Discrete equations of unstructured finite volume method naturally follow the conservation law. 2） Display dual-time stepping method is suitable for the analysis of impact dynamic problems of time accurate solutions. 3） The method did not produce grid distortion when large deformation appeared. The method is validated by the problem of impact dynamics of an elastic plate with initial conditions and material properties. The results validate the finite element numerical data

Spatial and temporal distribution of Neolithic sites in coastal China:Sea level changes, geomorphic evolution and human adaption

The East China coastal plain is one of the most important Neolithic culture areas in China, where rich archaeological sites including those producing the earliest domesticated rice are observed. It is also a place where landscape has experienced dramatic evolution during the Holocene when both sea level and climate changed, such that it is an ideal place for studying human-environment interaction. This study investigated over 2000 sites of pre-history and Shang and Zhou Dynasties, with 655 of which being Neolithic ages, by using DEM and GIS methods. The results suggest that the spatial and temporal distribution of Neolithic sites has largely been controlled by landscape evolution(particularly changes in coastal line), which ultimately governed by sea level changes. During early Holocene, Neolithic sites sparsely distributed in the intermountain basins of east Zhejiang Province, far from the influence of ocean. Over the period of 9–7 ka, the coastal plain(including the shelf) was largely submerged,only the feet of low hills to the south and southwest of the study area, and islands protruding the estuary, cradled limited number of settlements with characteristic "maritime components". At about 7 ka, sea level rise decelerated prominently, while sediments supply in the drainage remained high value, the combination of which led to land formation and propagation. Vast space during this period facilitated the growth of settlements in both size and number. In the mean time, however, the coastal plain was vulnerable to extreme environmental events such as storms and flooding owning to its geomorphic nature, which exerted great influence on the rise and fall of Neolithic culture.

Spatiotemporal evolution of prehistoric Neolithic-Bronze Age settlements and influencing factors in the Guanting Basin, northeast Tibetan Plateau

For almost two decades, the relationship between prehistoric natural disasters that struck the Guanting Basin in northeast Tibetan Plateau and the destruction of Lajia, an archeological site, has attracted scholarly attention and been widely discussed. Whereas most studies have focused on the impacts of disasters on a single site within the Guanting Basin, few have examined patterns of spatiotemporal evolution of human settlements from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age. Consequently, there is a lack of clarity on the processes and mechanisms underlying the evolution of prehistoric human-land relationships in the Guanting Basin. We therefore examined spatiotemporal variations in settlements in the Guanting Basin during the period, based on the locations, altitudes, and areas of archaeological sites. We found that four sites were located on the third terrace of the Yellow River during the late Yangshao period(5500–5000 cal yr BP) and distributed within a small area. During the period between the Majiayao and Qijia cultures(5300–3600 cal yr BP), the number of sites evidently increased and the scale and distribution of settlements expanded, with settlements generally shifting toward the lower elevation areas of the Guanting Basin.During the Xindian period(3400–2700 cal yr BP), the number and scale of sites showed a downward trend and the distribution of settlements contracted. The Xindian settlement underwent altitude-based spatial differentiation, with some groups moving to areas at higher altitudes and others remained in lower altitude areas. Moreover, we found that the number, scale, and distribution range of Neolithic and Bronze Age sites in the Guanting Basin were closely related to the evolution and distribution patterns of prehistoric cultures in the regions of Gansu and Qinghai, which were further affected by climate change and agricultural development. Furthermore, there is no evidence that the altitudinal distribution pattern of Neolithic and Bronze Age settlements in the Guanting Basin was influenced by paleofloods rather it was primarily influenced by changes in subsistence strategies.

Test particle simulation on the ion and electron zebra stripes and their time evolution in inner radiation belt

During February 15–16, 2014, the energetic electron spectrogram for four successive inner radiation belt crossing show clearly the electron zebra structures and their time evolution which last for about 17 h. Unfortunately, the time of flight(TOF) in RBSPICE measurement is turned off below 3 RE, and the ion measurement is contaminated by electrons. Thus in this study we studied the differences between the ion and electron zebra stripe structures and their time evolution using simple theory and test particle simulation, combining the electron measurement from RBSIPICE onboard Van Allen Probes. Theoretical analysis predicts that the ion zebra stripe structures should lie at a higher energy range than the corresponding electron zebra stripe structures due to that the directions of gradient B drift and corotation E×B drift are the same for electrons while opposite for ions. Test particle simulation with the dipole magnetic field and Volland-Stern electric field model have shown that the ion and electron zebra stripe structures could be produced by the convection electric field penetrating into the inner magnetosphere in this event, with their time evolution determined by total drift velocity that are different for ions and electrons. The predicted differences between the ion and electron zebra stripe structures are partially verified through observation. The ion zebra stripe structures could have potential influence to the ring current.

Spatio-temporal evolution of population and urbanization in the countries along the Belt and Road 1950–2050

This paper uses data for the period 1950-2050 compiled by the United Nations Population Division together with methods including spatial autocorrelation analysis, hie- rarchical cluster analysis and the standard deviational ellipse, to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution of population and urbanization in the 75 countries located along the routes of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-century Maritime Silk Road, to identify future popula- tion growth and urbanization hotspots. The results reveal the following： First, in 2015, the majority of Belt and Road countries in Europe, South Asia and Southeast Asia had high population densities, whereas most countries in Central Asia, North Africa and West Asia, as well as Russia and Mongolia, had low population densities; the majority of countries in South Asia, Southeast Asia, Central Asia, West Asia and North Africa had rapid population growth, whereas many countries in Europe had negative population growth; and five Belt and Road countries are in the initial stage of urbanization, 44 countries are in the acceleration stage of urbanization, and 26 are in the terminal stage of urbanization. Second, in the century from 1950 to 2050, the mean center of the study area＇s population is consistently located in the border region between India and China. Prior to 2000, the trajectory of the mean center was from northwest to southeast, but from 2000 it is on a southward trajectory, as the population of the study area becomes more concentrated. Future population growth hotspots are predicted to be in South Asia, West Asia and Southeast Asia, and hotspot countries for the period 2015-2030 include India, China, Pakistan and Indonesia, though China will move into nega- tive population growth after 2030. Third, the overall urban population of Belt and Road coun- tries increased from 22% in 1950 to 49% in 2015, and it is expected to gradually catch up with the world average, reaching 64% in 2050. The different levels of urbanization in different countries display significant spatial dependency, and in the hundred-year period under con-sideration, this dependency increases before eventually weakening. Fourth, between 2015 and 2030, urban population hotspots will include Thailand, China, Laos and Albania, while Kuwait, Cyprus, Qatar and Estonia will be urban ＂coldspots.＂ Fifth, there were 293 cities with populations over 1 million located along the Belt and Road in 2015, but that number Js ex- pected to increase to 377 by 2030. Of those, 43 will be in China, with many of the others located in India, Indonesia and the eastern Mediterranean.

主流分子钟定年方法的原理、误差来源和使用建议

近年来,分子钟定年方法(molecular dating methods)得以广泛运用,为宏观进化研究尤其是生物多样性及其格局形成历史的相关研究提供了不可或缺且十分详尽的进化时间框架。贝叶斯方法(Bayesianmethods)和马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗方法(Markov chain Monte Carlo)可容纳多维度、多类型的数据和参数设置,因此以BEAST、PAML-MCMCTree等软件为代表的贝叶斯节点标记法(Bayesian node-dating methods)逐渐成为分子钟定年方法中最为广泛使用的类型。贝叶斯框架的优势之一在于其可以利用复杂模型考虑各种不确定性因素,但是该类方法中各类模型和参数的设置都可能引入误差,从而影响进化分化时间估算的可靠性。本文介绍了贝叶斯分子钟定年方法的原理和主要类型,并以贝叶斯节点标记法为例,重点讨论了分子钟模型、化石标记的选择与放置、采样频率及化石标记点年龄先验分布等因素对节点定年的影响;提供了贝叶斯时间树构建软件的使用建议、节点年龄的讨论原则和不同模型下时间树的比较方法,针对常见的引起节点年龄潜在高估和低估风险的情况作了分析并给出了合理化建议。我们认为,合理整合多种贝叶斯方法和模型得出的结果并从中择优,能够提高定年结果的可靠性;研究人员应对时间树构建结果与其参数设置的关系开展讨论,从而为其他学者提供参考;化石记录的更新与分子钟定年方法的改进应同步不断跟进。

Functional central limit theorem for super α-stable processes

A functional central limit theorem is proved for the centered occupation time process of the super α-stable processes in the finite dimensional distribution sense. For the intermediate dimensions α < d < 2α (0 < α ≤ 2), the limiting process is a Gaussian process, whose covariance is specified; for the critical dimension d= 2α and higher dimensions d < 2α, the limiting process is Brownian motion.