We discussed recent studies, within the framework of transport theories, on heavy ion reactions between charge asymmetric systems, from low up to Fermi energies. We concentrated on the analysis of ternary breakup even...We discussed recent studies, within the framework of transport theories, on heavy ion reactions between charge asymmetric systems, from low up to Fermi energies. We concentrated on the analysis of ternary breakup events of dynamical origin occurring in semi-central reactions, where the formation of excited systems in various conditions of shape, excitation energy and spin is observed. At beam energies around 20 A Me V, we showed how this fragmentation mode emerges from the combined action of surface(neck) instabilities and angular momentum effects, leading to the observation of three aligned massive fragments in the exit channel. At Fermi energies, a transition towards a prompt emission of small fragments from the neck region with larger relative velocity with respect to projectile and target remnants is observed. We also focus on isospin sensitive observables, aiming at extracting information on the density dependence of the isovector part of the nuclear effective interaction and of the nuclear symmetry energy.展开更多
O734 99021288极性晶体中与形变势相互作用的表面极化子=Surfacepolaron of interacting with the deformation potentialin polar crystals[刊,中]/赵翠兰,王子安,肖景林(内蒙古民族师范学院物理系.内蒙古,通辽(028043))∥发光学报.—1...O734 99021288极性晶体中与形变势相互作用的表面极化子=Surfacepolaron of interacting with the deformation potentialin polar crystals[刊,中]/赵翠兰,王子安,肖景林(内蒙古民族师范学院物理系.内蒙古,通辽(028043))∥发光学报.—1998,19(1),—1-7有不少的极性晶体,电子与表面光学(SO)声子耦合强,但与表面声学(SA)声子耦合弱。研究电子与SO声子耦合强,与SA声子耦合弱的极性晶体中与形变势相互作用的表面极化子的性质。采用改进了的线性组合算符和微扰法导出了极性晶体中与形变势相互作用的表面极化子的有效哈密顿量.在计及电子在反冲效应中发射和吸收不同波矢的声子之间的相互作用时,讨论对表面极化子的有效哈密顿量,有效质量和有效相互作用势的影响。图2参19(常唯)展开更多
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development outlines 17 individual Sustainable Development Goals （SDGs） that guide the needs of practice for many professional disciplines around the world, including engineering, res...The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development outlines 17 individual Sustainable Development Goals （SDGs） that guide the needs of practice for many professional disciplines around the world, including engineering, research, policy, and development. The SDGs represent commitments to reduce poverty, hunger, ill health, gender inequality, environmental degradation, and lack of access to clean water and sanitation. If a typical reductionist approach is employed to address and optimize individual goals, it may lead to a failure in technological, policy, or managerial development interventions through unin- tended consequences in other goals. This study uses a systems approach to understand the fundamental dynamics between the SDGs in order to identify potential synergies and antagonisms. A conceptual system model was constructed to illustrate the causal relationships between SDGs, examine system structures using generic system archetypes, and identify leverage points to effectively influence intentional and minimize unintentional changes in the system. The structure of interactions among the SDGs reflects three archetypes of system behavior： Reinforcing Growth, Limits to Growth, and Growth and Underinvestment. The leverage points identified from the conceptual model are gender equality, sustainable management of water and sanitation, alternative resources, sustainable livelihood standards, and global partnerships. Such a conceptual system analysis of SDGs can enhance the likelihood that the development community will broaden its understanding of the potential synergistic benefits of their projects on resource management, environmental sustainability, and climate change. By linking the interactions and feedbacks of those projects with economic gains, women＇s empowerment, and educational equality, stakeholders can recognize holistic improvements that can be made to the quality of life of many of the world＇s poor.展开更多
Purpose： This paper is a report about the concept analysis of continuity of care, to get further understanding of continuity of care. Methods： The Walker and Avant concept analysis approach was applied in this paper...Purpose： This paper is a report about the concept analysis of continuity of care, to get further understanding of continuity of care. Methods： The Walker and Avant concept analysis approach was applied in this paper. Results： The three attributes include： seamless transfer, flexible reaction and effective interaction. The antecedents were changed needs and patient centred care. In addition, the continuity of care had a significant effect on patients’ outcome, satisfaction and costs. Conclusions： This analysis provides nurses an understanding about continuity of care in both patient’s and care provider’s perspective. Continuity of care is a tailored services provided by care givers, which is an essential element of healthcare system.展开更多
Wind and waves are key components of the climate system as they drive air-sea interactions and influence weather systems and atmospheric circulation. In marine environments, understanding surface wind and wave fields ...Wind and waves are key components of the climate system as they drive air-sea interactions and influence weather systems and atmospheric circulation. In marine environments, understanding surface wind and wave fields and their evolution over time is important for conducting safe and efficient human activities, such as navigation and engineering. This study considers long-term trends in the sea surface wind speed(WS) and significant wave height(SWH) in the China Seas over the period 1988–2011 using the Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform(CCMP) ocean surface wind product and a 24-year hindcast wave dataset obtained from the WAVEWATCH-III(WW3) wave model forced with CCMP winds. The long-term trends in WS and SWH in the China Seas are analyzed over the past 24 years to provide a reference point from which to assess future climate change and offshore wind and wave energy resource development in the region. Results demonstrate that over the period 1988–2011 in the China Seas: 1) WS and SWH showed a significant increasing trend of 3.38 cm s^(-1)yr^(-1) and 1.52 cm yr^(-1), respectively; 2) there were notable regional differences in the long-term trends of WS and SWH; 3) areas with strong increasing trends were located mainly in the middle of the Tsushima Strait, the northern and southern areas of the Taiwan Strait, and in nearshore regions of the northern South China Sea; and 4) the long-term trend in WS was closely associated with El Ni?o and a significant increase in the occurrence of gale force winds in the region.展开更多
Research on learning difficulties in mathematics adopts one of two distinct perspectives. According to the first, learning difficulties are due to the intrinsic characteristics of the student. For supporters of the se...Research on learning difficulties in mathematics adopts one of two distinct perspectives. According to the first, learning difficulties are due to the intrinsic characteristics of the student. For supporters of the second perspective, those difficulties result from the interaction between the student and the school system. The objective of this study is to test the validity of these two perspectives in interpreting learning difficulties in mathematics among at-risk students. To this end, we collaborated with normally achieving （undiagnosed） and at-risk students. Results show that the second perspective is better suited to the interpretation of learning difficulties in mathematics students展开更多
This study determined the detergency properties of Catholyte, an electrochemically activated medium, on polyamide 6.6 as a possible alternative to conventional laundering detergents. Undyed polyamide 6.6 was used and ...This study determined the detergency properties of Catholyte, an electrochemically activated medium, on polyamide 6.6 as a possible alternative to conventional laundering detergents. Undyed polyamide 6.6 was used and soiled with keltex, corn starch, mineral oil, oleic acid, morpholine, vegetable fat, butanol, solvesso 150 and water. Some soiled fabric was retained as control and not laundered. Soiled fabric was laundered at 30 ~C as well as 40 ~C with either, distilled water, Catholyte, non-phosphate detergent, a 50/50 solution of Catholyte and non-phosphate detergent, or a 50/50 solution of Catholyte and phosphate detergent. Data were analyzed descriptively by using analysis of variance （ANOVA）, which fitted the factors of treatment and temperature, as well as all two-factor interactions between these variables. A probability value of 0.05 or less indicated significance. Catholyte was effective in removing soil and reached a/XE＊ value of 59.30, but was statistically different from the phosphate detergent. Temperature did not have a significant effect on soil removal from the fabric, but the interaction with a treatment had significant effects. Treatment alone had a significant soil removal effect on the fabric. Thus, the temperature was dependent on an interaction with the treatment. The non-phosphate detergent was efficient in removing soil from the fabric and slightly more efficient than either 50/50 Catholyte solution. The 50/50 Catholyte/non-phosphate detergent solution was slightly less effective than its phosphate containing counterpart. When considering the interaction between treatment and temperature, the 50/50 Catholyte/phosphate and 50/50 Catholyte/non-phosphate solutions were more efficient at 40 ~C. Thus the interaction between the solution and higher temperature proved to be a better combination. This was also the case for the Catholyte and the non-phosphate wash liquors. Catholyte, an environmentally friendly washing agent, is an attractive alternative to conventional laundry detergents because it removes soil efficiently from polyamide 6.6 fabric.展开更多
Superabsorbents such as cross-linked PAM （polyacrylamides） are frequently used to increase water availability to plants. Commercial PAM providers suggest that besides its increasing water availability, PAMs also inc...Superabsorbents such as cross-linked PAM （polyacrylamides） are frequently used to increase water availability to plants. Commercial PAM providers suggest that besides its increasing water availability, PAMs also increase nutrient availability to plants. To test this premise, four application rates （0.0 g·kg^-1, 0.33 g·kg^-1, 1.66 g·kg^-1, 3.33 g·kg^-1 and 6.66 g·kg^-1） ofa PAM were mixed with sandy and loamy soils to evaluate its effect on nutrient leaching and retention in these soils. Miscible displacements of chloride were conducted on columns of PAM-soil mixtures and results were evaluated by an equilibrium CDE （convection dispersion equation） model. Increasing the PAM rates up to 1.66 g·kg^-1 resulted in increased early appearance and dispersive transport of chloride in sand. In addition, increasing the PAM rates gradually caused increased tailing of the breakthrough curves of chloride in both soils. These suggested that PAM increased preferential transport of chloride while it increased retention of chloride in soils. Effect of PAM on preferential transport and retardation of CI was greater in sand than loam.展开更多
The primary objective to these study was to test NPKCaMg-fertilization induced ＂Zn（2＋）＂ bioavailability in triticale rhizosphere soils. Soil and plant samples were taken from experimental sites randomly, and were...The primary objective to these study was to test NPKCaMg-fertilization induced ＂Zn（2＋）＂ bioavailability in triticale rhizosphere soils. Soil and plant samples were taken from experimental sites randomly, and were analysed in laboratory to plant available Zn^2＋） content. Zinc ＂Zn（2＋）＂ concentrations showed a large variability to interactions with soil＇s pH values. It ranged from 0.4 and 1.36 mg kg1. Soil＇s ＂Zn（2＋）＂ contents had been significantly lower than International Soil Limit （ISL） value （70 mg kgl）, consequently. Plant available ＂Zn（2＋）＂ contents from triticale rhizosphere soils in Leaf＋Straw ranged from 10.1 to 38.4 mg kgl, and in Seed from 26.9 to 52.0 mg kg1. ＂Zn（2＋）＂s Actual Translocation Index （ATI） from rhizosphere soils to Leaf＋Straw had as average 23.6, and to grain 43. 1. ＂Zn（2＋）＂ Leaf＋Straw bioacummulation （g hal） had as average 13.4, Grain 23.2, and total （Leaf＋Straw＋Grain） 36.6. ＂Zn（2＋）＂translocation from soils to Leaf＋Straw was 37% lower than to Grain. Ultimately, within the range of experimental conditions tested these results are present that ＂Zn（2＋）＂ tends to accumulate to triticale organs to create the conditions for toxicity effects in Food Chane.展开更多
基金Supported by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research,CNCS-UEFISCDI(No.PN-II-ID-PCE-2011-3-0972)
文摘We discussed recent studies, within the framework of transport theories, on heavy ion reactions between charge asymmetric systems, from low up to Fermi energies. We concentrated on the analysis of ternary breakup events of dynamical origin occurring in semi-central reactions, where the formation of excited systems in various conditions of shape, excitation energy and spin is observed. At beam energies around 20 A Me V, we showed how this fragmentation mode emerges from the combined action of surface(neck) instabilities and angular momentum effects, leading to the observation of three aligned massive fragments in the exit channel. At Fermi energies, a transition towards a prompt emission of small fragments from the neck region with larger relative velocity with respect to projectile and target remnants is observed. We also focus on isospin sensitive observables, aiming at extracting information on the density dependence of the isovector part of the nuclear effective interaction and of the nuclear symmetry energy.
文摘O734 99021288极性晶体中与形变势相互作用的表面极化子=Surfacepolaron of interacting with the deformation potentialin polar crystals[刊,中]/赵翠兰,王子安,肖景林(内蒙古民族师范学院物理系.内蒙古,通辽(028043))∥发光学报.—1998,19(1),—1-7有不少的极性晶体,电子与表面光学(SO)声子耦合强,但与表面声学(SA)声子耦合弱。研究电子与SO声子耦合强,与SA声子耦合弱的极性晶体中与形变势相互作用的表面极化子的性质。采用改进了的线性组合算符和微扰法导出了极性晶体中与形变势相互作用的表面极化子的有效哈密顿量.在计及电子在反冲效应中发射和吸收不同波矢的声子之间的相互作用时,讨论对表面极化子的有效哈密顿量,有效质量和有效相互作用势的影响。图2参19(常唯)
基金This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation （1243510）.
文摘The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development outlines 17 individual Sustainable Development Goals （SDGs） that guide the needs of practice for many professional disciplines around the world, including engineering, research, policy, and development. The SDGs represent commitments to reduce poverty, hunger, ill health, gender inequality, environmental degradation, and lack of access to clean water and sanitation. If a typical reductionist approach is employed to address and optimize individual goals, it may lead to a failure in technological, policy, or managerial development interventions through unin- tended consequences in other goals. This study uses a systems approach to understand the fundamental dynamics between the SDGs in order to identify potential synergies and antagonisms. A conceptual system model was constructed to illustrate the causal relationships between SDGs, examine system structures using generic system archetypes, and identify leverage points to effectively influence intentional and minimize unintentional changes in the system. The structure of interactions among the SDGs reflects three archetypes of system behavior： Reinforcing Growth, Limits to Growth, and Growth and Underinvestment. The leverage points identified from the conceptual model are gender equality, sustainable management of water and sanitation, alternative resources, sustainable livelihood standards, and global partnerships. Such a conceptual system analysis of SDGs can enhance the likelihood that the development community will broaden its understanding of the potential synergistic benefits of their projects on resource management, environmental sustainability, and climate change. By linking the interactions and feedbacks of those projects with economic gains, women＇s empowerment, and educational equality, stakeholders can recognize holistic improvements that can be made to the quality of life of many of the world＇s poor.
文摘Purpose： This paper is a report about the concept analysis of continuity of care, to get further understanding of continuity of care. Methods： The Walker and Avant concept analysis approach was applied in this paper. Results： The three attributes include： seamless transfer, flexible reaction and effective interaction. The antecedents were changed needs and patient centred care. In addition, the continuity of care had a significant effect on patients’ outcome, satisfaction and costs. Conclusions： This analysis provides nurses an understanding about continuity of care in both patient’s and care provider’s perspective. Continuity of care is a tailored services provided by care givers, which is an essential element of healthcare system.
基金the Global Change and Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction National Special Project (No. 2016-523)the open foundation of the Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. Y707k31001)+4 种基金the Junior Fellowships for CAST Advanced Innovation Think-Tank Program (No. DXB-ZKQN 2016-019)the National Key Basic Research Development Program (No. 2012CB957803)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41490642, 41405062, 71371148)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 3132017301)the Science found- ation of China (Xi’an) Silk Road Academy (No. 2016SY02)
文摘Wind and waves are key components of the climate system as they drive air-sea interactions and influence weather systems and atmospheric circulation. In marine environments, understanding surface wind and wave fields and their evolution over time is important for conducting safe and efficient human activities, such as navigation and engineering. This study considers long-term trends in the sea surface wind speed(WS) and significant wave height(SWH) in the China Seas over the period 1988–2011 using the Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform(CCMP) ocean surface wind product and a 24-year hindcast wave dataset obtained from the WAVEWATCH-III(WW3) wave model forced with CCMP winds. The long-term trends in WS and SWH in the China Seas are analyzed over the past 24 years to provide a reference point from which to assess future climate change and offshore wind and wave energy resource development in the region. Results demonstrate that over the period 1988–2011 in the China Seas: 1) WS and SWH showed a significant increasing trend of 3.38 cm s^(-1)yr^(-1) and 1.52 cm yr^(-1), respectively; 2) there were notable regional differences in the long-term trends of WS and SWH; 3) areas with strong increasing trends were located mainly in the middle of the Tsushima Strait, the northern and southern areas of the Taiwan Strait, and in nearshore regions of the northern South China Sea; and 4) the long-term trend in WS was closely associated with El Ni?o and a significant increase in the occurrence of gale force winds in the region.
文摘Research on learning difficulties in mathematics adopts one of two distinct perspectives. According to the first, learning difficulties are due to the intrinsic characteristics of the student. For supporters of the second perspective, those difficulties result from the interaction between the student and the school system. The objective of this study is to test the validity of these two perspectives in interpreting learning difficulties in mathematics among at-risk students. To this end, we collaborated with normally achieving （undiagnosed） and at-risk students. Results show that the second perspective is better suited to the interpretation of learning difficulties in mathematics students
文摘This study determined the detergency properties of Catholyte, an electrochemically activated medium, on polyamide 6.6 as a possible alternative to conventional laundering detergents. Undyed polyamide 6.6 was used and soiled with keltex, corn starch, mineral oil, oleic acid, morpholine, vegetable fat, butanol, solvesso 150 and water. Some soiled fabric was retained as control and not laundered. Soiled fabric was laundered at 30 ~C as well as 40 ~C with either, distilled water, Catholyte, non-phosphate detergent, a 50/50 solution of Catholyte and non-phosphate detergent, or a 50/50 solution of Catholyte and phosphate detergent. Data were analyzed descriptively by using analysis of variance （ANOVA）, which fitted the factors of treatment and temperature, as well as all two-factor interactions between these variables. A probability value of 0.05 or less indicated significance. Catholyte was effective in removing soil and reached a/XE＊ value of 59.30, but was statistically different from the phosphate detergent. Temperature did not have a significant effect on soil removal from the fabric, but the interaction with a treatment had significant effects. Treatment alone had a significant soil removal effect on the fabric. Thus, the temperature was dependent on an interaction with the treatment. The non-phosphate detergent was efficient in removing soil from the fabric and slightly more efficient than either 50/50 Catholyte solution. The 50/50 Catholyte/non-phosphate detergent solution was slightly less effective than its phosphate containing counterpart. When considering the interaction between treatment and temperature, the 50/50 Catholyte/phosphate and 50/50 Catholyte/non-phosphate solutions were more efficient at 40 ~C. Thus the interaction between the solution and higher temperature proved to be a better combination. This was also the case for the Catholyte and the non-phosphate wash liquors. Catholyte, an environmentally friendly washing agent, is an attractive alternative to conventional laundry detergents because it removes soil efficiently from polyamide 6.6 fabric.
文摘Superabsorbents such as cross-linked PAM （polyacrylamides） are frequently used to increase water availability to plants. Commercial PAM providers suggest that besides its increasing water availability, PAMs also increase nutrient availability to plants. To test this premise, four application rates （0.0 g·kg^-1, 0.33 g·kg^-1, 1.66 g·kg^-1, 3.33 g·kg^-1 and 6.66 g·kg^-1） ofa PAM were mixed with sandy and loamy soils to evaluate its effect on nutrient leaching and retention in these soils. Miscible displacements of chloride were conducted on columns of PAM-soil mixtures and results were evaluated by an equilibrium CDE （convection dispersion equation） model. Increasing the PAM rates up to 1.66 g·kg^-1 resulted in increased early appearance and dispersive transport of chloride in sand. In addition, increasing the PAM rates gradually caused increased tailing of the breakthrough curves of chloride in both soils. These suggested that PAM increased preferential transport of chloride while it increased retention of chloride in soils. Effect of PAM on preferential transport and retardation of CI was greater in sand than loam.
文摘The primary objective to these study was to test NPKCaMg-fertilization induced ＂Zn（2＋）＂ bioavailability in triticale rhizosphere soils. Soil and plant samples were taken from experimental sites randomly, and were analysed in laboratory to plant available Zn^2＋） content. Zinc ＂Zn（2＋）＂ concentrations showed a large variability to interactions with soil＇s pH values. It ranged from 0.4 and 1.36 mg kg1. Soil＇s ＂Zn（2＋）＂ contents had been significantly lower than International Soil Limit （ISL） value （70 mg kgl）, consequently. Plant available ＂Zn（2＋）＂ contents from triticale rhizosphere soils in Leaf＋Straw ranged from 10.1 to 38.4 mg kgl, and in Seed from 26.9 to 52.0 mg kg1. ＂Zn（2＋）＂s Actual Translocation Index （ATI） from rhizosphere soils to Leaf＋Straw had as average 23.6, and to grain 43. 1. ＂Zn（2＋）＂ Leaf＋Straw bioacummulation （g hal） had as average 13.4, Grain 23.2, and total （Leaf＋Straw＋Grain） 36.6. ＂Zn（2＋）＂translocation from soils to Leaf＋Straw was 37% lower than to Grain. Ultimately, within the range of experimental conditions tested these results are present that ＂Zn（2＋）＂ tends to accumulate to triticale organs to create the conditions for toxicity effects in Food Chane.
