Based on materials on the localized Chinese overseas, including the Melaka Babas, who are mostly Malay-speaking Chinese, this article reflects on the use of such terms as acculturation and assimilation, as well as hyb...Based on materials on the localized Chinese overseas, including the Melaka Babas, who are mostly Malay-speaking Chinese, this article reflects on the use of such terms as acculturation and assimilation, as well as hybridization and creolization, in relation to highly localized Chinese. All these concepts are seen as different ways of describing cultural formation in transcultural context. In particular, the relevance of using creolization to refer to the kind of creative process of cultural formation beyond its original usage in the Caribbean is discussed. This results in the identification of fragmented creolization as in the case of the Caribbean and a rooted creolization as in the case of the Babas. The author shall first discuss the issues of assimilation and integration, followed by hybridization and creolization. This is followed by the discussion on localization of Chinese overseas and identity. The concluding section provides some remarks on the concepts reviewed, and three main categories of acculturated Chinese are identified, namely, Chinese who are linguistically assimilated but still observe major Chinese traditions, Chinese who are so acculturated to the mainstream society that they hardly practice Chinese traditions, and Chinese who are both highly localized and highly mixed “racially”.展开更多
From a perspective of theoretical study, there are some faults in the models of the existing object-oriented programming languages. For example, C# does not support metaclasses, the primitive types of Java and C# are ...From a perspective of theoretical study, there are some faults in the models of the existing object-oriented programming languages. For example, C# does not support metaclasses, the primitive types of Java and C# are not objects, etc. So, this paper designs a programming language, Shrek, which integrates many language features and constructions in a compact and consistent model. The Shrek language is a class-based purely object-oriented language. It has a dynamical strong type system, and adopts a single-inheritance mechanism with Mixin as its complement. It has a consistent class instantiation and inheritance structure, and the ability of intercessive structural computational reflection, which enables it to support safe metaclass programming. It also supports multi-thread programming and automatic garbage collection, and enforces its expressive power by adopting a native method mechanism. The prototype system of the Shrek language is implemented and anticipated design goals are achieved.展开更多
Promotion is becoming one of the most commonly and intentionally used by local government element of marketing mix. It can be either internal （addressed to the inhabitants of the unit） or external （aimed at people ...Promotion is becoming one of the most commonly and intentionally used by local government element of marketing mix. It can be either internal （addressed to the inhabitants of the unit） or external （aimed at people who are not residents of the unit）. The subject of the presented studies will be culture promotion of the region. One of the areas of promotion, little appreciated in Poland so far, is culture and culture heritage which are of greater and greater importance for the regional development. Culture heritage can be a resource to strengthen the region and improve the conditions for economic growth. Culture goods constitute an important factor in the development of socio-economic region. They increase tourist attractiveness contributing to the development of tourism and agro-tourism in the area. The rich history, multi-layered and diverse culture heritage, both tangible and intangible, can be one of the main assets of raising the competitiveness of the given region in the country and the European Union （EU）. It should be assumed that in a market economy town or municipality operate in a manner similar to enterprise, they produce products and services offered to the internal market （municipality） as well as to external one （surrounding of the municipality）. Competitive conditions require the use of all tools to increase the effectiveness of the operation, including marketing tools. Being a marketing issue a product, which is offered by a city/town, can be considered in two aspects： first as a mega-product （i.e., a city/town as a whole）, second as a distribution of a mega-product for individual municipal sub-products. Presented concept of a product offered by a city in its two distinctions can be also applied to a municipality. Market-based approach in relation to territorial units is usually called ＂territorial marketing＂. Alternatively, they can be also called ＂spatial marketing＂ and ＂area marketing＂. Depending on the type of territorial units and the scope of marketing activities various concepts are used （e.g., urban marketing and municipal marketing）. Currently in Poland these concepts are generally related to basic units of the administrative division of the country namely to urban and rural municipalities. Therefore, for this type of activities one can suggest the term ＂municipal marketing＂.展开更多
Languages and linguistic resources transport from one locality to another,adapting to the norms,customs,and regulations of a new locality.This process involves translocalization.Translocalization emphasizes the moveme...Languages and linguistic resources transport from one locality to another,adapting to the norms,customs,and regulations of a new locality.This process involves translocalization.Translocalization emphasizes the movement of linguistic resources against the backdrop of globalization and the combination or reframing of resources from different localities.This research explores the extent to which translocalization is reflected by the linguistic landscapes of three distinct commercial areas in Guangzhou,China.It goes on to discuss how translocalization works together with social rescaling to incur the movement of linguistic resources and to result in distinct linguistic landscapes of the three commercial areas.It concludes that some languages or linguistic resources,such as English,pinyin and traditional Chinese writing,are transported to local contexts for the purpose of rescaling,whereas other languages or dialects,like Cantonese,might gradually lose their function of rescaling and retain its function in indexing local identity and solidarity.This study calls for more attention to the local resources and contexts in linguistic landscape studies.It argues for the indexical function of linguistic resources in social rescaling and city planning.展开更多
English globalization has actually triggered the localization of the English language, so Chinese-English is a fact not a hypothesis. This paper mainly discusses the origin of Chinese-English and tries to explore the ...English globalization has actually triggered the localization of the English language, so Chinese-English is a fact not a hypothesis. This paper mainly discusses the origin of Chinese-English and tries to explore the essential features of it through the theories of language migration and analysis of many examples. This paper points out, based on Standard English, Chinese-English is an English variety mainly used by the Chinese people. It is unavoidable, useful, and necessary to spread Chinese culture. Chinese-English and Chinglish are inter-language variants because Chinese cultural influences are different. Chinese-English has its own complete system, regularity, and stability. This paper further clarifies the position of the Chinese-English and treats the Chinese-English phenomenon dialecticly and scientifically.展开更多
In the examination-oriented education system, widespread foreign language major＇s language proficiency is relatively weak, poor employment, led to the current prevailing social Graduates Employment social phenomenon....In the examination-oriented education system, widespread foreign language major＇s language proficiency is relatively weak, poor employment, led to the current prevailing social Graduates Employment social phenomenon. To solve these problems, this study takes constructivist theory as a guide to practice base for the carrier, focusing on the application of practical skills from the Japanese culture, professional quality college students to explore new aspects of Japanese IT personnel training mode, and then realize Japanese IT professionals, so as to achieve the strategic requirements of talent and rejuvenating the country.展开更多
This essay explores key issues and developments in the growth of English public speaking as a course in Chinese higher education. Growing initially out of interest generated by national speech competitions, English pu...This essay explores key issues and developments in the growth of English public speaking as a course in Chinese higher education. Growing initially out of interest generated by national speech competitions, English public speaking has become a sought-after subject because of its value in today＇s globalized world. Focusing on English as a working language, it strengthens core skills and competencies not just in oral communication, but also in writing, listening, critical thinking, intercultural communicative competence, and overall English proficiency. Grounded in the Western discipline of rhetoric, it is being localized in China through creative adaptation by teachers and students alike.展开更多
文摘Based on materials on the localized Chinese overseas, including the Melaka Babas, who are mostly Malay-speaking Chinese, this article reflects on the use of such terms as acculturation and assimilation, as well as hybridization and creolization, in relation to highly localized Chinese. All these concepts are seen as different ways of describing cultural formation in transcultural context. In particular, the relevance of using creolization to refer to the kind of creative process of cultural formation beyond its original usage in the Caribbean is discussed. This results in the identification of fragmented creolization as in the case of the Caribbean and a rooted creolization as in the case of the Babas. The author shall first discuss the issues of assimilation and integration, followed by hybridization and creolization. This is followed by the discussion on localization of Chinese overseas and identity. The concluding section provides some remarks on the concepts reviewed, and three main categories of acculturated Chinese are identified, namely, Chinese who are linguistically assimilated but still observe major Chinese traditions, Chinese who are so acculturated to the mainstream society that they hardly practice Chinese traditions, and Chinese who are both highly localized and highly mixed “racially”.
基金The National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (No.60425206)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.60633010)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK2006094)
文摘From a perspective of theoretical study, there are some faults in the models of the existing object-oriented programming languages. For example, C# does not support metaclasses, the primitive types of Java and C# are not objects, etc. So, this paper designs a programming language, Shrek, which integrates many language features and constructions in a compact and consistent model. The Shrek language is a class-based purely object-oriented language. It has a dynamical strong type system, and adopts a single-inheritance mechanism with Mixin as its complement. It has a consistent class instantiation and inheritance structure, and the ability of intercessive structural computational reflection, which enables it to support safe metaclass programming. It also supports multi-thread programming and automatic garbage collection, and enforces its expressive power by adopting a native method mechanism. The prototype system of the Shrek language is implemented and anticipated design goals are achieved.
文摘Promotion is becoming one of the most commonly and intentionally used by local government element of marketing mix. It can be either internal （addressed to the inhabitants of the unit） or external （aimed at people who are not residents of the unit）. The subject of the presented studies will be culture promotion of the region. One of the areas of promotion, little appreciated in Poland so far, is culture and culture heritage which are of greater and greater importance for the regional development. Culture heritage can be a resource to strengthen the region and improve the conditions for economic growth. Culture goods constitute an important factor in the development of socio-economic region. They increase tourist attractiveness contributing to the development of tourism and agro-tourism in the area. The rich history, multi-layered and diverse culture heritage, both tangible and intangible, can be one of the main assets of raising the competitiveness of the given region in the country and the European Union （EU）. It should be assumed that in a market economy town or municipality operate in a manner similar to enterprise, they produce products and services offered to the internal market （municipality） as well as to external one （surrounding of the municipality）. Competitive conditions require the use of all tools to increase the effectiveness of the operation, including marketing tools. Being a marketing issue a product, which is offered by a city/town, can be considered in two aspects： first as a mega-product （i.e., a city/town as a whole）, second as a distribution of a mega-product for individual municipal sub-products. Presented concept of a product offered by a city in its two distinctions can be also applied to a municipality. Market-based approach in relation to territorial units is usually called ＂territorial marketing＂. Alternatively, they can be also called ＂spatial marketing＂ and ＂area marketing＂. Depending on the type of territorial units and the scope of marketing activities various concepts are used （e.g., urban marketing and municipal marketing）. Currently in Poland these concepts are generally related to basic units of the administrative division of the country namely to urban and rural municipalities. Therefore, for this type of activities one can suggest the term ＂municipal marketing＂.
基金supported by MOE Project of Humanities and Social Sciences for Young Researchers(Project No.:16YJC740023)Project of Humanities and Social Sciences in Universities and Colleges in Guangdong Province[Project No.:2016WTSCX033]the support from the Chinese MOE Research Project of Humanities and Social Science(Project No.:16JJD740006)conducted by the Center for Linguistics and Applied Linguistics,Guangdong University of Foreign Studies.
文摘Languages and linguistic resources transport from one locality to another,adapting to the norms,customs,and regulations of a new locality.This process involves translocalization.Translocalization emphasizes the movement of linguistic resources against the backdrop of globalization and the combination or reframing of resources from different localities.This research explores the extent to which translocalization is reflected by the linguistic landscapes of three distinct commercial areas in Guangzhou,China.It goes on to discuss how translocalization works together with social rescaling to incur the movement of linguistic resources and to result in distinct linguistic landscapes of the three commercial areas.It concludes that some languages or linguistic resources,such as English,pinyin and traditional Chinese writing,are transported to local contexts for the purpose of rescaling,whereas other languages or dialects,like Cantonese,might gradually lose their function of rescaling and retain its function in indexing local identity and solidarity.This study calls for more attention to the local resources and contexts in linguistic landscape studies.It argues for the indexical function of linguistic resources in social rescaling and city planning.
文摘English globalization has actually triggered the localization of the English language, so Chinese-English is a fact not a hypothesis. This paper mainly discusses the origin of Chinese-English and tries to explore the essential features of it through the theories of language migration and analysis of many examples. This paper points out, based on Standard English, Chinese-English is an English variety mainly used by the Chinese people. It is unavoidable, useful, and necessary to spread Chinese culture. Chinese-English and Chinglish are inter-language variants because Chinese cultural influences are different. Chinese-English has its own complete system, regularity, and stability. This paper further clarifies the position of the Chinese-English and treats the Chinese-English phenomenon dialecticly and scientifically.
文摘In the examination-oriented education system, widespread foreign language major＇s language proficiency is relatively weak, poor employment, led to the current prevailing social Graduates Employment social phenomenon. To solve these problems, this study takes constructivist theory as a guide to practice base for the carrier, focusing on the application of practical skills from the Japanese culture, professional quality college students to explore new aspects of Japanese IT personnel training mode, and then realize Japanese IT professionals, so as to achieve the strategic requirements of talent and rejuvenating the country.
文摘This essay explores key issues and developments in the growth of English public speaking as a course in Chinese higher education. Growing initially out of interest generated by national speech competitions, English public speaking has become a sought-after subject because of its value in today＇s globalized world. Focusing on English as a working language, it strengthens core skills and competencies not just in oral communication, but also in writing, listening, critical thinking, intercultural communicative competence, and overall English proficiency. Grounded in the Western discipline of rhetoric, it is being localized in China through creative adaptation by teachers and students alike.
